Class 
Book 







SMITHSONIAN DEPOSIT 



.11 



HANDBOOK 

j 

1 OF 

VOKTH CAEOLINA, 



KMBRACING 



HISTORICAL AKD PIIYSIOGRAPHICAL 

SKETCHES OF THE STATE. 

WITH 

Statistical and other Information 

RELATING TO ITS 

INDUSTRIES, RESOUKCES 



AND 



POLITICAL CONDITION. 






'♦'J.v 





% 
^%^. 

^-v,^;' 



\ '■^^ t^ 






By L. L. polk, Commissionei 



KALEIGH : 

L^iLEIGE HEWS STEAJI BOOK AXD JOB PRI^^T? 

I a 7 8. 



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l-a.5-4 



PKEFATORY. 



The'Act creating the Department of Agriculture, ratified in 
General Assembly, March the 12th, 1877, required the prepara- 
tion of a Hand Book of the State at the earliest practicable time. 
Imperfect as this volume may be in matter, style, or method of 
arrangement, the Compiler presents it to the people of North 
Carolina, relying with confidence on their generous appreciation, 
which has so constantly encouraged and sustained him in the 
undertaking. The facts and information set forth in these 
pages have been for the most part obtained through the volun- 
tary aid of public spirited citizens m the various counties, and 
liave been compiled within the past three months. Ao work of 
a similar character has ever before been published in our State, 
and defective as it may be, should thjs volume stimulate enquiry 
and investigation, and awaken an iuterest that should lead to a 
higher appreciation of our character aud^diguitjas a people, and 
of those bounteous blessings with which a kind Providence has 
so graciously favored us as a State, one of the chief objects of 
the work will have been accomplished. 

The Tables of Farm Statistics are not complete, as fifteen 
counties failed to make any returns, to wit: Beaufort, Bladen, 
Carteret, Duplin, Edgecombe, Gaston, Halifax, Jackson, Jolm- 
ston, Macon, Mecklenburg, Pitt, Surry, Warren and Yadkin. 

In the counties reported twenty-four townships are omitted, 
as follows : Cabarrus, three; Cumberland, two ; Franklin, one; 
Haywood, four; Hyde, one; Lincoln, one; Mitchell, one; New 
Hanovei, one; Transylvania, two; Wake, five; Wayne, one; 
Wilkes, two. Strenuous and persistent efforts failed to secure 
full returns for these tables, and while these and other import- 
ant omissions which will be readily perceptible to the intelligent 
reader, are deeply regretted by the Compiler, yet^he feels that 
they are in no manner to be ascribed to a want of proper effort 
on his part. He hopes, however, that any future edition will be 



Yi PEEFATOEY. 



greafly improved by the generous aid of an appreciative people,, 
and would therefore earnestly beg that all citizens of the State, 
who may pernse these pages, will do him the great kindness to 
write him treely in relation to any defects discovered. He has 
derived much valuable aid from consulting the following works: 
Hawks' History, Euffins' Sketches of North Carolina, Lawson's, 
AVilliamson's, Martin's and Wheeler's Histories. He is especially 
indebted to that devoted son of North Carolina — the venerable 
and patriotic Historian — Hon. John H. Wheeler, of Washington 
City, to whom he expresses his grateful acknowledgements for 
courteous and valuable favors. 

To the members of the Board of Agriculture; to the Special 
Correspondents of the Department, and all its officers, and to 
the host of friends throughout the State who have evinced such 
interest in its work, he begs to render a hearty assurance of his 
warm appreciation of their many acts of disinterested kindness. 

L. L. POLK, 
Commissioner of Agriculinre. 



CONTENTS. 



PART I. 

CHAPTKR 1, 

Fagi-. 

Departiiieut of Agriculture and Act e.sta.lilisi) iug it 1 

Organization of Board of Agriculture 10 

CHAPTER n. 

Historical Sketch ot North Carolina from 1584 to 1879 12 

Signers of Mecklen burg' Declaration of Independence It; 

Members of Convention of 17715 17 

Members of Convention of 1835 23 

Members of Convention of 1861 23 

Members of Convention of 1865-'C6 27 

Members of United States Congress 29 

Delegates to Convention of ISrtS 30 

Members of Convention of 1875 33 

CHAPTKR 111. 

Executive and (State Office i-s from 16(53 to 1729 35 

Governors under the Crown and under the Coustitutiun 36 

Crovernors elected by the people. Lieutenant Governors and Secretaries 

«>f State 37 

Treasurers, Comptrollers, Auditors; and Su])eruitendeiJt.s <iT' Public In- 
struction 38 

Members of Continental and United 8tatf> v%>uaTr!;ss 3!t 

Judiciary -11 

State Board of Education and Exec uti vc Ofii cers 42 

Members of General A.ssembly, 187'.> 45 

CHAPTER IV, 

Description of Counties 47 

Fai'tial list of Native North Carolinians who have become prominent cit- 

zens of other States 108 

Distinguished Divines 115 

Eminent Physicians 119 



PART II. 

CHAPTER I. 

Physiographical Description of the State 120 

Sit uation and Extent i ;. . 120 

f hygicia! aeo§'raphy . - ,.,,.. B| 



viii coisrTEisrTs. 



Geology and Minerals 125 

Climate 129 

.Temperatui-p Tables , 131 

Rain and Clouds 132 

Mean Humidity for 1878 13S 

Winds 134 

Comparative Tables of M<'an Temperatures ^ 135 

^Comparative Climate 136 

Forests 158 

Soils , m 



PART III. 

CHAPTER. I. 

Form of Government 142 

Taxation— New Debts 144 

Municipal Corporations— Education 145 

Homesteads, Liens, Punishments, Charities, and modes of Amending the 

Constitution 146 

The Relations of the Races. 147 

Climate and other Physical Conditions 149 

dative Products J53 

Our Future ^^' 

Fi^jhin-Tnton-sts of North Carolina IW 

Propas-ation of Food Fishes 16^ 

, IbP 

Railroads 

171 

Klevations 

Partial List of North Carolii la Inventors ■ - "^ 



PART IV, 

CHAPTER -I. 

tate Fuljlic Institutions— Insane Asylum of North Carolina 177 

Western Insane Asylum If'f' 

Colored Insane Asylum 181 

Deaf and Dumb and the Blind Asylum 182 

Orphan Asylum : ^°" 

I iterary lustitutious-The University of North Carolina 183 

Wake Forest College 187 

Davidson Colle^-e ^9** 

Carolina Military Institute ^^^ 

Trinity College ^93 

The Bingham Scnool ^^'^ 

Wilson Collegiate Institute l''^ 

Denver Seminary •'. 196 

Rutherford College -9' 

Finley High School - -^^ 

Greensboro Female College 1^9 

Raleigh Baptist Female Seminary 200 

peace Institute.. ...... ,,!»•?••';••;••'••*;'•'•""•" ■ = 



CONTENTS. IX 

St. Mary's School 202 

The Wilson Collegiate Seminary 204 

Ohowan Baptist Female Institute 206 

Puhlic Schools in North Carolina 208 

Stats Press 209 

Tahulated Statement of Farm Products 211 

Cotton and Woolen Mills 226 

General Statistics 227 

Agricultural Organizations '. 231 

Notes of Corresiwndents showing the Productive Capacity of Soils 232 

Cities, Towns and Villages 257 

Silk Culture 267 

Bee Keeping 271 

Fruits Adapted to onr Climate and Soils 281 



PA.IIT I. 

CHAPTER L 

Department of Agriculture— Sketch of its Organization. 

The Convention of 1875, amended the State Constitution by 
the adoption of the following : 

Sec. 17. Art. 3. The General Assembly shall establish a Department 
of Agriculture, Immigration and Statistics, under such regulations as 
may best i^romote the agricultural interests of the State, and shall en- 
act laws for the adequate protection and encouragement of Sheep 
Husbandry. 

In compliance with this requirement, the following Act, 
creating the Dep- ^-tment was passed, and ratified in General 
Assembly, March u.'^ 12th, A. D. 1877. 

AN ACT TO ESTABLISH A DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, IMMI- 
GRATION AND STATISTICS, AND FOR THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF 
SHEEP HUSBANDRY. 

The General Assembly of North Carolina do enact, 

Section 1. A Department of Agriculture, Immigration and 
Statistics, as provided in section 17, article 3, of the Constitu- 
tion, is hereby created and established, which shall be under the 
control and supervision of a Board, which shall be constituted 
as follows, to-wit : the Governor, who shall be ex officio Chair- 
man, the State Geologist, the Master of the State Grange Patrons 
of Husbandry, the President of the State Agricultural Society, 
and the President of the Agricultural College of the State, and 
two agriculturists (who shall be appointed by the Board so as to 
keep the representation of the different sections of the State as 
nearly equal as may be), and their successors in office. 

Sec. 2. The Board shall meet for the transaction of business 
in the city of Raleigh as often as they may deem expedient, but 
at least twice in each year. They shall receive no compensationj 



DEPxlPtTMENT OF AGPJCULTUEE. 



but shall be allowod, except the Goverani-, the State Geologist, 
and President of th.> xigrx'uitaral College, the sum of three 
dollars j^cr diem for tiieir personal expenses while engaged in 
the duties of the iioiird, not exceeding fifteen days in any one 
jear. 

Sec. 3. The Board shall appoint and prescribe the duties, and 
regulate the pay of the Commissioner of Agriculture, who shall 
be an agriculturist. And they shall also, whenever they deem 
it necessary, have power to employ a Secretary and prescribe his 
duties. 

Sec. 4. The Board shall be empowered to hold in trust, and 
exercise control over, donations or bequests made to them for 
promoting the interests or purposes of this act. 

Sec. 5. They may prescribe forms for, and regulate the re- 
turns of, such County Agricultural Societies as may be chartered 
by the State, and furnish sucho blanks as may be necessary to 
secure uniform and reliable statistics, of their operations. 

Sec. 6. In order to facilitate the collection of reliable statis- 
tics, it is made the duty of the Secretary of State to prepare and 
send to the County Commissioners of the several counties, who' 
jsliall distribute to eaeli person in the county whose duty it is to 
list the taxable property tliereof, blanks prepared according to 
the directions of the Department of Agriculture ; and the per- 
aions listing the taxes as aforesaid shall require each citizen, at 
the time of listing his taxaible property, to give in likewise the 
amount of his productions for the previous year, as far as j)rac- 
ticable Avithoufc oatli, which blanks, when completed, shall be 
returned to the Board of County Commissioners, who shall 
collate the same on one blank form and transmit the same to 
the Commissioner of Agriculture on or before the first day of 
^November in each year. 

Sec. 7. The Board shall investigate such subjects relating to 
the improvement of agriculture, and for the inducement of im- 
migration and capital, as they may think proper, but they are 
especially charged : 

1st. With sucli investigations as may seem best adapted to 
promote the improvement and extension of sheep husbandry. 



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



and shall collect and publish, from time to time, all available 
statistics on the subject, and sliall suggest to the General As- 
:sembly such measures as may be useful for the encouragement 
of this industry, and more particularly for the suppression of 
the ravages of dogs. 

2d. With investigations relating to the diseases of cattle and 
other domestic animals, and shall publish and distribute, from 
time to time, circulars of information relative to any contagious 
diseases of stock, and shall have power in such cases to quaran- 
tine infected animals, and to regulate the transportation of 
stock in this State, or from one section of it to another, and any 
person wilfully violating such regulations shall be guilty of a 
misdemeanor. 

3d. With investigations relating to the ravages of insects and 
with the dissemination of such information as may be deemed 
•essential for their abatement. 

4th. With investigations and experiments directed to the in- 
trodutcion and fostering of new agricultural industries, adapted 
t^ the various climates and soils of this State ; especially the 
-culture of silk, the sugar beet, the grape and other fruits. 

5th. With the investigation of the subject of drainage and 
irrigation, and shall publish circulars of information as to the 
best methods and f ormulee of both, and what surfaces, soils and 
localities may be most benefitted by such improvements, also, 
with the collection and publication of information in regard to 
localities, character, accessibility, cost and modes of utilization 
•of native mineral and other domestic sources, of fertilizers, in- 
■cluding formulfe for composting, adapted to different crops, 
soils and materials. 

6th. With the collection of statistics relating to the subject of 
fences, with suggestions for diminishing their cost and the con- 
ditions under which they may be dispensed with altogether. 

7th. With the supervision of all measures for the protection, 
propagation and culture of fish in the livers and other inland 
waters of this State, and to this end they sball at once provide 
for stocking all available waters of the State with the most 
approved breeds of fishes, and shall avail themselves of such aid 



DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTURE. 



as the Fish Oommission of the United States may be induced 
to extend, and they shall inquire into and report upon the 
practicability of constructing fish ways over dams and other 
obstructions in the waters of the State, and secure, as far as 
practicable, the co-operation of mill-owners ; they shall select 
proper locations for the hatching and care of the young fish, 
and shall provide the necessary hatching houses and such 
appliances as may be needed, and employ such labor as may be 
necessary to this end, and they may appoint agents at such 
convenient points to aid them in the distribution and hatching 
and protection of the ova and young fish, provided such agents 
shall receive no compensation. 

8th. They shall transmit to the G-eneral Assembly at each 
session, a report of the operations of the said department, 
together with suggestions of such legislation as may be needful, 
and it shall be the duty of the Board to prosecute all offenders 
against the laws which have been, or may be, passed in this 
behalf " and they shall endeavor to secure the co-operation of 
adjoining States to remove obstructions in the passage of fish 
in those rivers cr streams which are partly in this State and 
partly in such adjoining States. 

9th, With the enforcement and supervision of the laws and 
regulations which are, or may be, enacted in this State for the 
sale of commercial fertilizers and seeds. 

Sec. 8. That no manipulated guano, superphosphate, or other 
commercial fertilizer shall be sold, or offered for sale in this 
State, until the manufacturer, or person importing the same, 
shall first obtain a license therefor from the Treasurer of the 
State, for which he shall pay a privilege tax of five hundred 
dollars per annum for each separate brand or quality, and he 
shall also pay a tax of fifty cents per ton for every ton sold. 
Any person, corporation, or company, who shall violate the 
provisions of this act, or who shall sell, or offer for sale, any 
such fertilizer contrary to the provisions above set forth, shall 
be guilty|of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be fined 
and imprisoned at the discretion of the court. 

Sec. 9. -'And every bag, barrel, or other package of such fer- 



DEPAETMENT OF AGRICULTUEE. 



tilizer as above designated, offered for sale in this State, shall 
have thereon a plainly printed label or stamp, which shall truly 
set forth the name, location and trade-mark of the manufacturer, 
also the chemical composition of the contents of such package, 
and the real per centage of any of the following ingredients 
asserted to be present, to wit: soluble and precipitated phospho- 
ric acid, soluble potassa, ammonia, or its equivalent in nitrogen, 
together with the date of its analyzation, and that the privilege 
tax provided for in section eight has been paid; and any such 
fertilizer as shall be ascertained by analysis not to contain the 
ingredients and per centage set forth as above provided, shall 
be liable to seizure and condemnation, and when condemned 
shall be sold by the Board of Agriculture for the exclusive use 
and benefit of the Department of Agriculture. Any merchant, 
trader, manufacturer or agent, who shall sell, or offer for sale, 
any commercial fertilizer without having such labels and stamps 
as hereinbefore provided, attached thereto, shall be liable to a 
fine of ten dollars for each separate bag or barrel or package 
sold or offered for sale, to be sued for before any Justice of the 
Peace, and to be collected by the Sheriff by distress or otherwise, 
one-half, less the cost, to go to the party suing, and the re- 
maining half to the Department, and if any such fertilizer shall 
be condemned, as herein provided, it shall be the duty of the 
Department to have an analysis made of the same, and cause 
printed tags or labels, expressing the true chemical ingredients 
of the same, put upon each bag or barrel or package, and shall 
fix the commercial value thereof, at which it may be sold. And 
any person who shall sell, or offer for sale, any such fertilizer, 
in violation of the provisions of this section, shall be guilty of a 
misdemeanor. 

Sec. 10. The Department of Agriculture shall have power and 
authority, at all times, to have collected samples of any com- 
mercial fertilizers offered for sale in this State, and have the 
same analyzed; and such samples shall be taken from at least 
ten per cent, of the lot from which they may be selected. 

Sec. 11. It shall be lawful for the Department of Agriculture 
to require the officers, agents, or managers of any railroad or 



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUEE. 



steamboat company, transporting fertilizers in tliis State, to- 
furnish monthly statemetits of the quantity of fertilizers, with 
the name of the consignor or consignee, delivered on tlieir re- 
spective lines, at any and all points within this State. And said 
Department is hereby empowered to compel said officers, agent* 
or managers, to submit their books for examination, if found 
expedient so to do; and any such agents, officers or managers 
failing or refusing to comply, shall be deemed guilty of a mis- 
demeanor. 

Sec. 12. The Department of x\griculture shall establish, in 
eonnection with the Chemical Laboratoj-y of the University at 
Chapel H:ll, an Agricultural, Experiment and Fertilizer Control 
Station; and the Board of Trustees of tlie University, with the 
approval of the Department of Agriculture, shall emijloy an 
Analyst skilled in Agricultural Chemistry, 

It shall be the duty of said chjemist to analyze such fertilizers 
and pioducts as may be required by the Department of Agricul- 
ture, and to aid so far as practicable in suppressing fraud in the- 
sale of commercial fertilizers. 

He shall also, under the direction of said Department, carry 
on experiments on the nutrition and growth of plants, with, a 
yiew to ascertain what fertilizers are best suited to the various 
crops of this State; and whether other crops may not be advan- 
tageously grown on its soils, and shall carry on such other- 
investigations as the said Department may direct. 

He shall make regular reports to the said Department of all 
analyses and experiments made, which shall be furnished, wlien 
deemed useful, to such newspapers as will publish the same. 

Said chemist shall be subject to the rules and regulations ot 
the University Laboratory, and the other rules and regulations- 
of the University, and his salary shall be paid out ot the funds 
of the Department of Agriculture. 

Sec. 13. The Geological Survey is hereby made and constitu- 
ted a co-operative department with the Department of Agricul- 
ture, and the Geological Museum and the collections therein, 
shall, at all times, be jiccessible to the said Department. The 
Geologist shall, as far as practicable, prepare illustrations of the^ 



DEPAETMENT OF AGEICULTURE. 



agricultural industries, prodacts and resources of the State, and 
arrange and care for such collections as the said Department 
may make for this purpose. He shall also prepare abstracts of 
the Survey, from time to time, as may be required for the use 
of the Dej)artment, in their hand book, and circulars for publi- 
cation, m illustration cf the advantages of this State, and in 
promotion of the general purposes of immigration. In return for 
such service the State Geologist may have all his samples of 
marlr, soils, minerals, and other products, analyzed by the 
chemist, at .the Laboratory of the Experiment Station free of 
charge. 

Sec. 14, It is hereby made the duty of the Sate Geologist^, 
upon the recommendation of the Board of Trustees of the TJni- 
-versity, to devote two months, in each year, at the seat of the 
University, in the performance of such duties in instruction as 
the Faculty may direct, and while employed in this capacity he 
shall constitute a member of the Faculty. 

Sec. 15. The De]>irtment shall as soon as practicable, pre- 
pare a convenient han J-book, with the necessary illustrative 
maps, which shall contain all necessary information as to the 
mines, minerals, forests, soils, climates, water and water powers, 
fisheries, mountains, swamps, industries, and all such statistics 
as are best adapted to giv'e proper information of the attractions 
and advantages which this State affords to immigrants, and 
shall make illustrative e q osition thereof whenever practicable 
at international exhibitions. 

Sec. 1G. The said Department shall be authorized, in the 
interest of immigration, to employ an agent or agents at such 
points, in this or any foreign co mtry, as they may deem expe- 
dient and desirable. 

Sec. 17. The said Department is autliorized and directed to 
establish and keep in its office, in tlie city of Raleigh, a General 
Land and Mining Registry, wherein shall be recorded (if the 
owners shall so request) all the farming, mineral or other lands 
offered for sale in this State, with a brief and truthful descrip- 
tion of the same. And the Department shall act as agent for 
the sale or disposition of such property as may be registered a.B 



DEPAETMENT OF AaRICULTURE. 



hereinbefore proyided, and shall sell or dispose of such property 
upon the terms and conditions as stated and fixed by the owner 
thereof; and the Department shall be allowed the sum of dollar 
for registration, and two and one-half per cent, commission on 
gross amount of said transaction. 

The said Department shall have authority to contract for and 
hold bodies of land, for the settlement of colonies, with exclu- 
sive control of the sale of same at such prices, and for such a 
period, as may be agreed upon by the owner thereof. 

Sec. 18. That no person, company or corporation, being non- 
residents of this State, shall catch fish by seines nets or other 
appliances for taking fish in large quantities, in any waters 
within the jurisdiction of this State, without first obtaining 
therefor a license from the Public Treasurer, for which he, or 
they, shall pay a privilege tax of one thousand dollars per annum. 
And any such person or persons who shall violate the provisions 
of this section, shall forfeit and pay the sum of two hundred 
dollars for each dny engaged in fishing as aforesaid, to be collected 
by the Sheriff of the county wherein such violation may be com- 
mitted, and shall also be guilty of a misdemeanor. And any 
citizen of this State who shall form an alliance or co-partnership 
with a non-resident for the purpose of evading any of the pro- 
visions of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, 
and upon conviction shall be fined and imprisoned at the discre- 
tion of the court, and the nets, seines or appliances of such 
person or firm shall be liable to seizure and confiscation for the 
the benefit of the Department of Agriculture. 

Sec. 19. That every person, firm or corporation, who shall 
sell or offer for sale any commercial fertilizer of whatever na- 
ture, shall give in, under oath, to the Register of Deeds of his 
county, on the first Monday of January, April, July and Octo- 
ber in each year the number of tons of such fertilizer, he or 
they may have sold, for himself on commission, or as agent, 
during the preceding quarter, subject to the provisions, pains 
and penalties contained in schedule B of the Revenue Lav/s of 
the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven, for 
which he shall pay a privilege tax of fifty cents per ton, to be 



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



■collected by the slieriff; Provided, That no person shall be lia- 
ble to such tax on fertilizers purchased from another person, on 
which this tax has already been paid; and, Provided, further, 
That no dealer or agent shall be required to pay the purchase 
tax as imposed in Schedule B of the Revenue Act. 

Sec. 20. Any farmer, trader or other person who shall haul 
■or bring into this State any commercial fertilizer, in yiolation 
or evasion of section of section 8 of this act, shall be deemed 
guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction, shall be fined 
not less than ten dollars or imprisoned for not more than thirty 
days for each oifense; and any farmer or other person who may 
buy without the State any commercial fertilizer on which the 
privilege tax of five hundred dollars, as provided in section 8 of 
this act, has been paid, shall be required to report all such pur- 
chases to the Register of Deeds for his county, and pay the priv- 
ilege tax of fifty cents per ton, as required of dealers, or be sub- 
ject to the same pains and penalties as herein imposed upon 
dealers in fertilizers; Provided, That no count}", town or other 
corporation shall be allowed to tax any of the privileges or sub- 
jects herein taxed by the State; Provided, That the provisions 
of this section and section 17 of this act shall not apply to any 
of the counties in this State west of the Blue Ridge. 

Sec. 21. It is hereby made the duty of the said Department 
of Agriculture to receive from any manufacturer or dealer in 
fertilizers any specimen quantities, not less than a fourth of a 
ton, contributed by such party, and have the same sent to dif- 
ferent sections of the State for actual experiment by practical 
farmers; and the person so experimenting shall be required to 
make a careful report of the results, which shall be registered 
in the office of said Department, and a certified copy of the same 
shall be transmitted to the contributor. 

Sec. 22. That all moneys arising from the tax or licenses, 
from fines and forfeitures, fees for registration and sale of lands 
not herein otherwise provided for, shall be paid into the State 
Treasury, and shall be kept on a sej arate account by the Treas- 
Tirer, as a fund for the exclusive use and benefit of the Depart- 
ment of Agriculture; and until such fund can be made availa- 



10 DEPAETMEKT OF AGEICULTUEE. 



1)16;, as aforesaid, tlie Treasurer shall loan to said Department, 
out of any moneys not otherwise appropriated, upon the warrant 
of the Governor, the sum of five thousand dollars per annum, 
for two years from this date, which sum shall be refunded to- 
the Treasury by the first da}^ of March, one thousand eight hun- 
dred and seventy-nine. 

Sec. 23. This Act shall be in force from and after its ratifi- 
cation; but the tax, forfeitures and penalties herein prescribed, 
concerning the sale of commercial fertilizers, shall not be en- 
forced against any parties in the sale of any such fertilizers now 
on hand in this State: Provided, said parties shall render to the 
Grovernor, on or before the first day of April, one thousand eight 
hundred and seventy-seven, under oath, taken before any person 
authorized to administer the same, an itemized statement of all 
such fertilizers, giving brand, name, manufacturer, and number 
of tons of same and obtain a license for the sale thereof as here- 
in provided; Provided^ that this Act shall not apply to pur- 
chases already made. 

AK ACT SUPPLEMENTAL T J AK" ACT TO ESTABLISH A DEPARTMENT 
OF AGRICULTURE, IMMIGRATION AND STATISTICS. 

Tlte General AssemUy 'if North Caro'ina do enact, 

Sec. 1. That an Act entitled an Act to establish a Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, Immigration and Statistics, and for._^the 
encouragement of Sheep Husbandry, be and the same is hereby 
corrected and amended, by striking out in section;^^8, of said 
Act, the words, "and he shall also pay a tax of fifty cents per 
ton for every ton sold." 

Sec. 2. That this Act shall be i i force from and after its rat- 
ification. 

ORGANIZATION OE THE BOARD. 

At a meeting held in the Executive office, March theJ21sty 
3877, at which were present His Excellency Governor Z. B. 
Vance ; the State Geologist, Prof. W. C. Kerr ; the Master of 



DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTURE. 11 



the State Grange Patrons of Husbandry, S. B. Alexander ; the 
President of the State Agricultural Society, Thomas M. Holt ; 
and the President of the State Agricultural College, Hon, K, P. 
Battle, LL.D., the organization of the Board was completed by 
the election of James E, Thigpen, of Edgecombe; and Jonathan 
Evans, of Cumberland. 

The following officers were elected by the Board : 

L. L. Polk, of Anson, Commissioner. 

Thos, J. Eobinson, of Cumberland, Secretary and Treasurer. 

Dr. A. R. Ledoux, of New York, Analytical Chemist. 

George Warnecke, of Germany, Assistant Chemist. 

William B, Phillips, of Orange, Assistant Chemist. 

The Commissioner and Chemist are each allowed a clerk. 

Besides the correspondence and exchange effected with offi- 
cials of similar Departments in other States, this Department 
has a list of one hundred and seventy-one Special Correspond- 
ents, and about eighteen hundred Township Correspondents ; 
representing every county and almost every township in the 
State. Through their assistance the Commissioner is enabled to 
collect specimens of the products of their respective coiinties ; 
to distribute seeds, to collect and disseminate such information 
a^s relates to their varied industries, resources and conditions. 

Attached to the office of the Department, is an Agricultural 
Museum, in which each county has a neat case for the display 
of its agricultural and manufactured products — all arranged in 
alphabetical order. 

In the office is a Library of over five hundred volumes of 
Agricultural works, besides charts of our coast and vjiriousmaps. 
To this may be added the valuable contribution of papers, jour- 
nals and periodicals, received regiilarly from all parts of the 
Union. * 

Although the Departmeiit is yet in its infancy, and the system 
as established by the Act, is more comprehensive in its general 
design than that of similar Departments in other States ; and 

* For a detailed statement of the operations of the Department in all its 
branches, see Report of the Commissioner made to the Board, dated Janu 6th, 
187 J. 



12 HISTOEICAL SKETCH OF NOETH CAKOLmA. 



while it has had to contend with those difficulties which seem 
unavoidable in the inauguration of any enterjorise of magnitude, 
yet its work has been received with interest and almost universal 
favor among the people of the State. 



OHAPTEE II. 

Historical Sketcli of North Carolina from 3584, to 1879, embracing a list of Execu- 
tive and State Officers from 1663 to 1879, and also of the Delegates in each 
Convention from 1776 to 1875, and a list of Representatives in Congress from 
1714 to 1879. 

The period embracing the reign of Queen Elizabeth, was one 
of the brightest and most exciting in English history, and, in 
all the brilliant retinue who enjoyed at that time the favor of 
the Crown, there is no name so justly held in grateful esteem 
and remembrance by North Carolinians, as that of Sir Walter 
Ealeigh. The Convention of 1T88, held nearly 300 years after 
his death, very fitly and gracefully expressed its admiration for 
his high moral and intellectual qualities, in perpetuating his 
name, by conferring it on the Capitol of the State, an act alike 
honorable to the Convention and due to his memory. His ac- 
tive, aggressive spirit was very naturally moved by the excited 
and general interest that agitated the principal maritime powers 
of Europe, and especially the Court of England, in regard to 
the New World, and obtaining Letters Patent from the Crown he 
fitted out an expedition, consisting of two vessels, that sailed on 
the 27th of April, A. D. 1584, and landed on what is now known 
as Ocracoke Island, in the county of Carteret, on the 4tli day of 
July of that year. Unable to find an entrance from the sea, 
the two barks sailed northward, and steering along the coast, 
they passed through wdiat is now known as New Inlet, land- 
ed on Eoanoke Island, and took formal possession of the coun- 
try in the name of the Queen. Thus the pioneer movement 
was inaugurated, guided by the sagacious and indomitable 
Ealeigh, which was to result in developing one of the mightiest 



HISTOEIOAL SKETCH OF NOKTII CAEOLINA. 13 



countries on earth. The voyagers returned to England in Sep- 
tember of the same year. They pictured in glowing colors the 
beauties and attractions, as discovered during their sojourn on 
Eoanoke Island. Their enthusiasm strengthened the spirit of 
conquest and greed for enlarged dominion among the crowned 
heads of Europe. Avarice, and the love of adventure among the 
subjects, led captive their imaginations and portrayed the new 
continent as invested in all the ideal charms of a fairy-land. 

During the year following (April, 1585), another expedition 
under the auspices of Sir Walter Ealeigh was sent to Eoanoke, 
consisting of over one hundred persons. These returned to 
England after a year's absence. Still another was sent out by 
him in 1586, in charge of John White, who was commissioned 
as " Governor of the City of Ealeigh" which was to be established 
on the island. White returned to England, leaving about one 
hundred men women and children, among whom was his 
daughter, Eleanor Dare, wife of one of the assistants, and who 
on the 18th of August, became the mother of the first child 
(Virginia Dare) born of English parents in the New World. 

England at this time was vigorously engaged in a war with 
Spain — a country that was then in the zenith of its power. The 
statesmanship of Ealeigh was no less needed in the councils of his 
Qaeen, than his valor was in the field during the time of his coun- 
try's great peril. Hence, it was not until the year 1590 that he 
could again turn his attention to his colony, and possessions in 
America. Vessels, laden with abundant provisions for the colon- 
ists, reached Eoanoke Island, but a long and fruitless search 
revealed no trace of them. Five expeditions were fitted out at 
the expense of this man, to discover if possible, the fate of Li; 
unfortunate friends, but without avail. Despairing of establish- 
ing his colonies, he abandoned his possessions after devoting 
many years of anxious labor and expending about 1200,000. His 
ignominious death by a judicial murder, sanctioned by a govern- 
ment to which he had patriotically devoted the best energies of 
his great mind and life, must, for all time, stand out conspicuously 
on the darkest page of her high crimes. 
For about a half century, no systematic efl'ort was made to 



14 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 



establish colonies on the soil of Carolina; meanwhile they wer«. 
being planted on the coast of Virginia and further North. 
During that period, scattering numbers sought refuge from re- 
ligious persecution in the wilds of the forests throughout our 
coast section, braving perils and enduring hardships and priva- 
tions from which hearts less devoted to Cod must have shrunk 
in terror. Others, impelled by cupidity and avarice, sought the 
advantages of an unoccupied field for the purposes of traffic with 
the Indians. Not until 1653 (69 years after the landing of 
Raleigh's two vessels on Roanoke Island) was there a permanent 
settlement made in North Carolina. In 1663, by a Grant from 
King Charles II., all of the country lying between the Pacific 
and Atlantic oceans, and included within the 31° and 36*^ par- 
allels of latitude, was given to certain men therein named, with 
power to establish a form of government. This country was 
called Carolina. In the same year AVilliam Drummond (whostj^ 
name still designates the lake in T3ismal Swamp) was appointed 
Governor of the colony of Carolina. 

The affairs and relations of the colonists began now to assume 
shape. The territory was divided into counties, governors were 
appointed, and assemblies established to frame laws for local 
government. The most noticeable feature that characterized 
the action of all bodies of these early settlers, whether in a rep- 
resentative, or primary capacity, was their great caution and vig- 
ilance to preserve inviolate, the leading principles of good gov- 
ernment, — freedom of conscience and security from taxation -with- 
out the consent of the governed. 

Under the second charter of Charles II., (1665,) enlarging 
the powers of the Grantees, the limits of Carolina included a 
large part of Mexico, all of Texas, all of our territory south of 
36'' 30' and west of Arkansas, and all of the cotton-growing 
States of the Union, viz : North and South Carolina, Georgia, 
Tennessee, Arkansas, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana — con- 
taining in all about 1,000,000 square miles. In 1690, that por- 
tion of the province lying north of the Santee river, was styled 
North Carolina, and the four soiithern counties were called 
South Carolina. From this period began that long series of 



HISTOKICAL SKETCH OF NORTH CAKOLINA. 15 



oppressions and grievances which finally culminated in the 
overthrow of British rule and established the Independence of 
the colonies. Every conceivable scheme for making the meagre 
earnings of the colonists tributary to the exchequer of the British 
realm, was devised by direct, indirect and discriminating taxes. 
Venal, capricious, arrogant and tyranical rulers, with pliant 
subordinates, were appointed, who, by their ambitious assump- 
tion of royal prerogatives, outraged every principle of Justice, 
until goaded to resistance, the colonists, whose remonstrances 
and forbearance were alike unheeded, with a sublimity of moral 
resolve unsurpassed in the annals of the world, defied a giant 
power — struck for freedom, and won it. 

The most prominent legislative acts of North Carolina ia 
the great drama, of the Revolution may be briefly mentioned. 
In 1773, the »Speaker of the House of Commons, John Harvey, 
laid before that body appeals from several other colonies for its 
concurrence in the appointment of a committee to incpiire into 
the wrongs imjiosed by England on the colonists. This was the 
first legislative act that led to the Revolution. 

On the 25tli day of August, 1774, the Assembly or Congress 
met in Newberne, in defiance of the proclamations and denun- 
ciations of royal authority. This body was composed of 41 
members, representing 29 counties and 5 towns, and John Har- 
vey was chosen Speaker. Among other important measures 
adopted, Avas one endorsing the plan for a general Congress in 
Philadelphia in September, and the appointment of delegates 
with instructions to resist all unconstitutional oppression. In 
February, 1775, John Harvey issued a call for the Assembly to 
meet at Newberne on the 4th day of the following April, and 
also issued a notice to the peo];)le to send delegates from all of 
the counties and towns to hold a convention at the same time 
and place. Governor Martin denounced this act by a proclama- 
tion, notwithstanding which, the two bodies met. They pledg- 
ed their determined supj)ort to the action of the Continental 
Congress, held in Philadelphia Sept. 4th, 1774. The Assembly 
was dissolved by the proclamation of the Governor. It met 
again, however, 'at the same place. On the 20th of May, 1775, 



16 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



the people of Mecklenburg met in the town of Charlotte and 
adopted the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence, a copy 
of which was at once sent to the Continental Congress at Phila- 
delphia, and also to the Provincial Congress at Hillsboro. The 
following is a list of the officers and members of the Mecklen- 
burg convention: 

SIGNERS OP THE MECKLEJSTBURCt DECLARATION OF INDEPEN- 
DENCE AT CHARLOTTE, 20TH OF MAY, 1775. 

Abraliam Alexander, Chairman, 

J. McKuitt Alexander, Secretary, 

Adam Alexander, Hezekiah Alexander, 

Ephraim Brevard, Zaccheus Wilson, 

Hezekiah J. Balch, Waightstill Avery, 

John Phifer, Benjamin Patton, 

James Harris, Matthew McClure, 

William Kennon, r; Neil Morrison, 

John Ford, Robert Irvin, ■ — 

Richard Barry, John Flennegin, 

Henry Downe, David Reese, 

Ezi a Alexander, John Davidson, 

William Graham, Richard Harris, 

John Queary, Thomas Polk, Sr. 
Charles Alexander, 

Gov. Martin having abandoned the reins of Government, in 
the Spring of 1775, and taking refuge under the guns of His 
Majesty's ships on the Cape Fear, the people began to prepare 
vigorously for war. The Provincial Congress met at Hillsboro 
on the 20th of August 1775, and adopted measures for offen- 
sive and defensive war. These measures were sustained and 
strengthened by the vigilance and fidelity of committees of 
safety, and a Provincial Council chosen by this body, [and 
county and town committees. These latter executed all orders 
emanating from the Safety Committee, or from the Provincial 
Council. 

On the 4th of April 1776, the Provincial Congress met at 
Halifax, this being the fourth meeting held in opposition to the 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NORTH CAROLINA. 17 



Royal Government, and at once addressed itself to perfecting 
the military organization of the States. On the 12th of that 
month, it passed a resolution expressing the readiness of our 
people to declare independence of the British crown. It ap- 
pointed a council of safety for the State, consisting of 13 mem- 
bers, of which Cornelius Harnett was chairman, who at a subse- 
quent meeting of his council at Halifax received the National 
Declaration of Independence. This he read at a popular meet- 
ing in that town on the 1st of August, and it was received with 
unbounded enthusiasm and rejoicing. On the 12th of Novem- 
ber, a convention met at Halifax, to perfect a civil form of 
government, composed of the following delegates. 

MEMBERS OF THE CONVENTIOISr OF 1776. 
COUNTIES. MEMBERS. 

( Thomas Wade, David Love, William 

1. Anson -j Pickett, George Davidson, Charles 

( Robertson. 

( John Barlow, Thomas Respiss, Thos. 

2. Beaufort •< Respiss, Jr., Francis Jones, Robert 

( Tripp. 

3. Bladen -I 

[ Thomas Pugh, John Johnston, Wil- 

4. Bertie - liani Gray, Noah Hinton, Zedekiah 

( Stone. 

( Maurice Moore, Cornelius Harnett, 

5. Brunswick -Archibald McLean, Lewis Dupree, 

( William Lord. 

( Ji«mcs Denton, Thomas Eaton, 

6. Bu'e- -Philemon Hawkins, Benjamin Sew- 

( all, Benjamin Ward. 

i .lames Coor, AVilliam Bryan,__jQlua 

7. Craven - Bryan^ Christopher NeaIe,John Tilgh- 

( man. ■ 

I Po^omon Sheparri, Brice Williams, 

8. Carteret - William Poiden, Jolm Eatton, Thos. 

f Clialwick. 



*DivJded in 1779 into Warren and franklin. 

2 



18 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



^ Samuel Jarvis, James White. Ke- 

9. Currituck ^ dar M-achai t. Hollowt-U Williams, 

(Thomas Willifii 



ims. 



i James Blount, Thomas Benbury, 

10. Chowan J Thomas Jones, Luke Sumner, Jacob 

( Hunter. 

11. Cumberland ^ -I 

i Ambrose Ramsey, John Birdsong, 

13. Chatham - Mial Scurlock, Isaiah Hogan, Jedu- 

( than Harper. 

i Richard Caswell, Simon Bright, 
Abraham SI eppard, Benjamia Exudd, 
Andiew Bass. 

i James Kenan, Thomas Gray, Wil- 

14.^Duplin 4 liam Dickson, William Taylor, James 

( Gillesiaie. 

( William Haywood, Elisha Battle, 

15, Edgecombe ^ Jonas Johnston, Isaac Sessums, Wil- 

( liam Horn. 

iThon.as Per!=on, Robert Lewis. Me- 
mucan Hunt, Thornton Yancey, John 
Oliver. 

( David Caldvi-tU, Joseph Hinds, 

17. Guilford -| Ralph Go; rell, Charles Bi-uce, Isham 

( Browder, 

i Joseph Hancock, John Jordan, Ben- 

18. Hyde. < jamin Parm^rle, William Russell, 

( Abraham Jones. 

( Lawrence Baker, William Murfree. 

19. Hertford -| Pobert Sumner, Day Ridley, James 

( WriL'ht. 

i John Bradford, James Hogan, "Wil- 

20. Halifax •] lis Alston, Samuel Weldon, Benja- 

( min McCulloch . 

( Needham Bryan, Jr.. Samuel Smith, 

21 . Johnston -^ Jr , John Stephens, Henry Pain, Al- 

( exander Averyt. 

( Jno. Phifer, Robert Irwin, Zaccheus 

22. Mecklenburg ^ Wilson, Hezekiah Alexander, Waight- 

( still Avery. 

( William Williams, Whitmell Hill, 

23. Martin -] Thomas Hunter, John Hardison, 

( Samuel Smithwick. 



tDivided in 1791 into Glasgow and Lenoir. Glasgow was clianged in 1799' to 
Greene: 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF IsTORTH CAROLINA. 19 



i John Ashe, Samusl Ashe, John 

24. New Hanover -] Devane, Sampson Mosely, John Hol- 

( lingsworth. 

i Allen Jones. Jephtha Atherton, 

25. Northampton ■] James Ingram, Howell Edmunds, 

( Robert Peaples. 

C John Spicer. Thomas Johnston, 

26. Onslow ^ Benejah Doty, Edward latarkey, Hen- 

(^rj Ruodes. 



i James Saunders, "William Moore, 



27. Orange \ John McCabe, John Atkinson, John 

( Paine. 

S Benjamin Harvey, Miles Harvey, 
Thomas Harvey, William Hooper, 
William Skinner. 

! Henry Abbott, Devotion Davis, 
Isaac Gregory, Dempsey Burgess, 
Lemuel Sawyer. 

( Benjamin May, William Robson, 

■30. Pitt < James Gorham, George Evans, Ed- 

(^ ward Salter. 

( Griffith Rutherford, Matthew Lock, 

31. Rowan < William Sharpe, James Smith, John 

f Brevard. 



! 

!Jos< 
Willis 
John 

I 



32. Surry, 

Pe'er Wynn, Jeremiah Frazier, 

33. Tyrrell ^ Isham Webb, Stephen Lee, Benjamin 

Blount. 

Joseph Harden, Robert Abernathy, 

-34. Tryon:j: ^William Graham, William Alston, 

Barber. 



Tignal Jones, James Jone=!, Michael 

35. Wake -^ Rogvre, .Jomu Rice, Britain Fuller; 

'William Brown, 



T )WNS. 

, Bath; Parker Quirc^, Brun i\^-ick; Thomas Hadley, Campbellton; 

Joseph Hewes, Edenton: Willie Jones, Halifax; William Johnston, 
Hillsboro; Abner Nash, Newbern; David Nisbet, Salisbury; William. 
Hooper, Wilmington. 

JDivided in 1791 into Linoln and Rutherford. 



20 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



Richard Caswell, of DoLbs county (now Lenoir), was chosen 
President of the Convention. The Constitution and Bill of 
Rights were adopted on the I'Sbh of December. All the machin- 
ery for operating a civil government was perfected. The election. 
of G-overnor|;,by the constitution devolved upon the Legislature, 
and by an ordinance of the body, the following named State 
officers were elected for the first term: Richard Caswell, Gov- 
ernor; James Olasgow, Secretary of State; Cornelius Harnett,. 
Thomas Parson, William Day, William Haywood, Edward 
Starkey, Joseph Leech, and Thomas Eaton, Councillors of State- 
Thus the sovereignty of the people in a distinctive, organized 
capacity was declared, based upon the great principles of truth,, 
equity and justice. The struggles, trials, sufferings and sacrifices 
of this people, during the dark years which preceded this event,, 
forms a chapter in their history which for constancy, endurance,, 
devotion and deeds of moral heroism, is not surpassed in the- 
annals of America. 

On North Carolina soil was planted the first English colonyj. 
on her soil was born the first child of English parents, and on 
her soil was poured the first blood as a libation to Liberty. Her 
Provincial Congress was the first to declare to the Continental 
Congres.s the readiness of her people to absolve their allegiance 
to the British Crown, and in Mecklenburg county, the first 
Declaration of Independence was made. The first to consecrate 
their State to civil liberty, always among] the foremost in their 
sacrifices to achieve Independence, may the nobW example tf 
our patriot fathers inspire their descendants for all time with a 
jealous regard for constitutional rights and for the preservation 
of a free system of government. 

The necessities evolved by our progress as a State demanded 
some changes in our organic law to adapt it to our advanced 
condition, and acccordingly, by an Act of Afsemblj in January,, 
1835, a convention of the people was called. This convention 
met in the city of Raleigh, on the 4th of June, lS3o,Jand was 
composed of the following delegates: 



HISTOEICAL SKETCH OF NORTH CAEOLINA. 21 



MEMBERS OF THE COKVE]S"TION OE 1835. 

Anson — William A. Morris, Joseph White. 
Ashe — Alexander B. McMillan, George Bower. 
Beaufort — Joshua Tayloe, Richard H. Bonner. 
JBertie — David Outlaw, Joseph B. G. Roulhac. 
Bladen — John Owen, Samuel B. Andres. 
Brunswick -Frederick J. Hill, William R Hall. 
Buncombe — David L. Swain, James Gudger. 
Burke — Burgess S. Gaither, Samuel P. Carson. 
Cabarrus — Daniel M. Barringer, Christopher Melchor. 
Camden —Willie McPherson, George Ferebee. 
Carterei — Wallace H. Styron, James W. Bryan. 
Caswell — William A. Lea, Calvin Graves. 
Cha ha:n — Joseph Ramsey, Hugh McQueen, 
Chowan — Joseph B. Skinner, Samuel T. Sawyer. 
Columbus — Alexander Troy, Absalom Powell. 
O raven — William Gaston, Richard D. Spaight. 
Cumberland — John D. Toomer, Archibild McDairmid. 
Curri'uck — Gideon 0. Merchant, Isaac Baxter, 
Davidson — John A. Hogan, John L Rargrave, 
Duplin — Jt'remiah Pearsall, John E, Hussey. 
Edgecombe— Louis D. Wilson, Pheasant^m S. Sugg. 
Pranklin — Henry J. G. Ruffin, William P. Williams. 
Gites — Riddick Gatling, Whit m el S ailing?. 
Granville- Robert B. Gilliam, Josiah Crudup. 
Greene — Jesse Speight, Tiiomas Hooker. 
Guilford — John M. Moreheal, Jo lathan Parker. 
Halifax — John Branch, Joseph J. Daniel. 
Haywood — William Welch, Joseph Cathey. 
Ht rtford — Isaac Pipkin, Kenneth Rayner. 
Hyde — Wilson B. Hodges, Alexander F. Gaston. 
Iredell — Samuel King, John M. Young, 
Johnston — Jesse Adams, Hillory Wilder. 
Jones — William Huggins, .James W. Howard, 
Lenoir — James Cox. 

Xiincoln — Bartlett S'.iipp, Henry Cansler. 
Macon — Benjamin S. Briltain, James W. Guinn. 
Martin — Jesse Cooper, Asa Biggs. 
Mecklenburg — James M. Hutchison, Isaac Grier. 
Montgomery — John B. Martin, James L. Gaines. 
Moore — John B. Kelly, Charles Chalraei*s. 



22 HISTOEICAL SKETCH OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



Nash — John Arrin.s^ton, William W. Bocldie, 
New Hanover — Lewis H. Marsteller, Owen Holmes. 
Northampton— Rodei-'ck B. Gary, Samuel Calvert. 
Onslow — David W. Saunders, John A. Averitt. 
Orange— James S. Smith, William Montgomery. 
Pasquotank— Richard H. Ramsey, John L. Bailey. 
Perquimans— .Jonathan H. Jacocks, Jesse Wilson. 
Person — Moses Chambers, John W. Williams. 
Pitt — Robert Williams, Sr,, John .Joyner. 
Randolph — Alexander Gray, Benjamin Elliott. 
Richmond — Alfred Dockery, Henry W. Harrington. 
Robeson — John fV, Powell. Richard C. Bunting. 
Rockingham — Edward T. Brodnax, John L. Lesueur. 
Rowan— Charles Fisher, John Giles. 

Rutherford— John McD. Carson, Theodorick F. Birchett. 
Sampson— William B. Meares, Thomas I. Faison. 
Stokes— Matthew R. Mocre, Emanuel Shober. 
Surry— M'^shack Franklin, William P. Dobson. 
Tyrrell — Hezekiah G. Spruill, Jcs,fph Halsey. 
Wake — Henry Seawell, Kimbrough Jones. 
Warren — Nathaniel Macon, Weldon N. Edwards, 
Washinglon — Joseph C. Norcom, Josiah Collins, Jr. 
Wayne— Gabriel Sherard, Lemuel H. Whitfield. 
Wilkes — Edmund Jones. James Wellborn. 
Yancey — Abner Jervis, Bacchus J. Smith. 

Nathaniel Macon was unanimously chosen President, and E„. 
B. Freeman, Clerk. 

Among the important changeg effected were the abrogation of 
the Borough System in representation, annulling the right of 
suffrage in persons of color, the transfer of the election of Grov- 
ernor from the Legislature to the people and extending his term 
of office to two years, and appointing biennial, instead of annual 
sessions of the General Assembly, and relieving the disabilities o f 
Catholics. 

The amendments were adopted in the convention by a vote of 
yeas 81, noes 20, and subsequently ratified by the people through 
an affirmative vote of 26,771, against a negative vote of 21,606. 
In 1857 by an Act of Assembly the Constitution was amended by 



HISTOEIGAL SKETCH OF NOKTH CAROLINA. 23 



removing the freehold qualification of electors that had pre- 
Tiously existed. 

From 1835 to 1861, the prosperity of the State was steady and 
increasing. 

The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 to the Presidency of 
the United States, by a sectional party, avowedly opposed to 
slavery, was deemed sufficient cause for the secession of the slave 
holding States, 

On the 30th day of January, 1861, the Legislature passed an 
Act submitting to the people the question whether they would 
meet in convention to consider their federal' relations, and the 
proposition was voted down. Each of the States of the Southern 
section having met in convention and passed ordinances of 
Secession, and President Lincoln having issued a proclamation 
calling upon all of the States for their quota of 75,000 troops 
for the coercion of seceding States, Governor Ellis issued a 
proclamation convening the Legislature in extra session, May 
1st, 1861. This body promptly passed a bill calling a convention 
to meet in Raleigh on the 20th day of that month. The con- 
vention met on that day, and was composed of the following 
delegates: 

MEMBERS OF THE CONVENTION OF ie61. 

Alamance— Thomas Rufi&n, Giles Mebaue. 

Alexander — A. C. Stewart. 

Anson — Albert Myers, James A. Leak. 

Ashe — Joel E. Foster. 

Beaufort— W. J. Ellison, E. J. Warren. 

Bertie — S. B. Spruill, James Bond. 

Bladen— Tlios. D. McDowell. 

Brunswick — Thos. D. Meares. 

Buncombe — N. 'y. Woodtin. 

Burke— Jno. C. McDowell. 

Cabarrus — Caleb Phifer. 

Caldwell — Edmund W. Jones. 

Camden — Dennis D. Ferebee. 

Carteret — Charles R. Thomas. 

Caswell — Bedfoi'd Brown, Jno. A. Grave«i. 



24 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



Catawba— P. C. Henkel. 

Chatham— J. H. Headen, J, Manning, Jr., L.J. Merritt. 

Cherokee — Alleo T. Davidson. 

Chowan — Richard Dillard. 

Cleaveland— W. J. T. Miller, J. W. Tracy. 

Columbus — Richard Wooten. 

Craven — George Green, John D. Whitford. 

Cumberland — David McNeill, Warren Winslow. 

Currituck — Henry M. Shaw. 

Davidson— S. C. Douthitt, B. A. Kittrell. 

Davie — Robert Sprouse. 

Duplin — Wm. J. Houston, Joseph T. Rhodes. 

Edgecombe — Wm. S. Battle, George Howard, Jr. 

Forsythe — Rufus L. Patterson, Thos. J. Wilson. 

Franklin — Archibald D. V\ illiams. 

Gaston — Sidney X. Johnston. 

Gates— Alfred J. Walton. 

Granville— T. L. Hargrove, A. W. Venable, S. S. Royster. 

Greene — Wm. A. Darden, Jr. 

Guilford — Ralph Gorrell, Jno. A. Gilmer, Robert P. Dick. 

Halifax — Chas. J. Gee*, Richard H. Smith. 

Harnett— Archibald S. McNeill. 

Haywood — William Hicks. 

Henderson — W. M. Shipp. 

Hertford — Kenneth Rayner. 

Hyde — Edward L. Mann. 

Iredell — Anderson Mitchell, Thos. A. Allison. 

Jackson — W. H. Thomas. 

Johnston — Claudius B. Sanders, W. A. Smith. : 

Jones — William Foy. 

Lenoir — John C. Washington. 

Lincoln - William Lander. 

Macon— C. D. Smith. 

Madison — Joseph A. McDowell. 

Martin — Asa Biggs. 

McDowell — James H. Greenlee. 

Mecklenburg — William Johnston, James W, O.- borne. 

Montgomery — Samuel H. Christian. 

Moore— Hector Turner. 

Nash — Archibald H. Arrington. 

*L, W. Batchelor contested the seat of Mr. Gee, and upon investigation itf^was 
found that Mr. Batchelor was elected, and Mr. Gee resigned. 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NORTH CAROLINA. 25 



New Hanover — W. S. Ashe, Robert H. Cowan. 

Northampton — David A Barnes, John M. Moody. 

Onslow — Edward W. Ward. 

Oi-ange — Wm A. Graham, John Berry. 

Pasquotank — Rufus K. Speed. 

Perquimans — Joseph S. Cannon. 

Person — John W. Cunningham. 

Pitt — Bryan Grimes, F. B. Satterthwaite. 

Randolph — Wm J. Long, Alfred G. Foster. 

Richmond — Walter F. Leak. 

Robeson — John P. Fuller, John C. Sutherland. 

Rockingham — David S. Reicl, Edward T. Brodnax. 

Rowan — Burton Craige, Hamilton C. Jones. 

Rutherford — Jason H. Carson, Micajah Durham. 

Sampson — Robert A. Mosely, Thomas Bunting. 

Stanly — Eben Elearne. 

Stokes— John Hill. 

Surry— T. V. Hamlin. 

Tyrrell— Eli Spruill. 

Union — H. M. Houston. 

Wake— Geo. E Badger, Iv. P. Battle. 'W. W. Holden. 

Warren — Weldon N. Edwards, Francis A. Thornton. 

Washington — Wm. S. Pettigrew. 

Watauga — J. W. Councill. 

Wayne — Geo. V. Srrong, E. A. Thompson. 

Wilkes — James Calloway, Peter Eller. 

Yadkin— R F. Armfield. 

Yancey — M. P. Penland. 



Note. — Delegates elected to fill vacancies in adjourned session 
of Convention, Nov. 18th, 1861, caused by death or resignation : 



R. A. Caldwell, Rowan. 
David Schenck, Lincoln. 
Robt. Stiange. New Banover. 
P. A. Atkinson. Pitt. 
J. B. Jones, Currituck. 



J. H. Brj^son, Cherokee. 
James Dickson Duplin. 
George Setzer, Catawba. 
Neill McKay.' Bladen. 
T. B. Lvon. Granville. 
A. M. Bogle, Alexander. 

Vacancies in the second adjourned session of the Convention, 

Jan. 20tli, 1862, were filled by the following delegates: 

D. W. Bagley, Mirtin. G. W. Michael, Rutherford. 

D. H. Starbuck, Forsythe. J. M. Strong, Mecklennurg. 

M. J. McDufKe, Cumberland. A. J. Murrill, Onslow. 

L. N. B. Battle, Nash. | 



26 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



Weldon N. Edwards, of Warren, was eliosen president, and Wal- 
ter L. Steele, of Richmond, was made secretary. On the 1st 
day of the session an ordinance was nnanimously adopted, which 
declared '' that the union now subsisting between the State of 
North Carolina and the other States, under the title of the Uni- 
ted States of America, is hereby dissolved, and that the State of 
North Carolina is in full possession and exercise of all those 
rights of sovereignty which belong and appertain to a free and 
independent State." 

Thus North Carolina took position with her Southern sisters, 
and at once began to prepare vigorously for the conflict which 
was now inevitable. As in the Revolution, as in all great emer- 
gencies in which slie conceived her honor and her rights to be 
involved, she displayed a self-sacrificing devotion of which any 
people, in any age, might be Justly proud. She gave to the 
Southern army more than 120,000 of her sons, exceeding a ratio 
of one man to every six of her entire white population. Almost 
every fireside had its representative in the army, and their noble 
and heroic record is traced in blood on the melancholy pages of 
the long and desperate struggle from Big Berliel to Bentonsville 
and Appomattox. 

The convention of 1861 made the sessions of the General As- 
sembly annual, instead of biennial.''' 

Z. B. Vance was elected Covernor in 1862, and again in 1864, 
but, on the surrender of the Southern armies, in May, 1865, he 
was arrested and his office declar?d vacant by the military au- 
thority of the federal government. 

*DELEGATES ELECTED BY THE COlSrVENTIOjSr TO THE COIS'FEDEEATE 

CON"GKESS. 

For tJie State at Large — George Davis and W". W. Avery. 

TO THE HOUSE OF REPEESEXTATIVES: 

1st District— W. N. H. Smith. I 5th District— J. M. Morehead. 

2d District— Thoina'! Ruffi'i. | 6h District— K. C. Puryear. 

3d District— Thos D. McDowell. I 7th District— Burton Craige. 

4th District— A. W. Venable. 8th District— A. T. Davidson. 



HISTOEICAL SKETCH OF NOETH CAROLINA. 27 



The arm of military power ruled with relentless vigor in both 
sections during these four years of strife, but in two of the 
States — North Carolina and New York — the writ of Hctbeas 
Corpus was sacredly observed, and in North Carolina the mili- 
tary was kept subordinate to the civil authority. Upon the 
surrender of the Southern forces, martial law was established 
throughout the South, and a military order was issued abolish- 
ing slavery. W. W. Holden was appointed Provisional Gov- 
ernor, and under the reconstruction policy of President John- 
son, Governor Holden issued a Proclamation for an election to 
be held for delegates to a Convention to be held in Raleigh, on 
the second day of October, 1865. Also for an election for mem- 
bers of the General Assembly, to meet on the 4th Monday in 
November, and also for Representatives to the Federal Congress. 
The Convention met on the day appointed, and was composed 
of the following delegates: 

MEMBERS OF THE COJSTVEIirTIOJSr OF 1865-'66. 



Alamance: Giles Mebane, John W McCauley. 

Alexander : E M Stephenson. 

Anson: Wm G Smith, LL Polk. 

Ashe and Alleghany: Mr. Baker. 

Beaufort: R S Donnell, E J Warren. 

Bertie: Lewis Thompson, John Pool. 

Bladen: Duncan Kelly. 

Brunswick: Daniel L Russell, Sr. 

Buncombe: L L Stewart. 

Burke: Tod R Caldwell. 

Cabarrus: Dr L S Bingham. 

Caldwell : Rufus L Patte'-son. 

Camden: Dennis D Ferebee. 

Carteret: James Rumley. 

Caswell : Bedford Brown, M McGehee. 

Catawba: JR Ellis. 

Chatham: G P Moore, Robert Love, John A McDonald. 

Cherokee: G W Dickey. 

Chowan: R H Winborne. 

Cleaveland: D Beam, R Swan. 



28 HISTOEICAL SKETCH OP NORTH CAROLINA. 



Columbus: A J Jones. 

Craven: C C Clark, M E Manly. 

Cumberland and Harnett: Neill McKay, R P Buxton, D G McRae. 

©urrituck: Thos J Jai-vis. 

Davidson: Henderson Adams, S S Jones. 

Davie: D M Furclies. 

Duplin: D B Nicholson, W A Allen. 

Edgecombe and Wilson: John Norfleet, George Howard. 

Pranklin: P II Winston. 

Forsythe: D H Starbuck, I G Lash. 

Gaston: Dr Wm Sloan. 

Gates: Henry Willey. 

Granville: R B Gilliam, Eugene Grissom, E B Lyon. 

Greene: R J Williams. 

Guilford: D F Caldwell, R P Dick, Jonathan Harris 

Halifax: Edward Conigland, W W Brickell. 

Haywood: W G B Garrett. 

Henderson and Transylvania: A H Jones. 

Hertford: Richard G Cowper. 

Hyde: Jones Spencer. 

Iredell: John H McLaughliD, S B Bell. 

Jackson: J R Love. 

Johnston: William A Smith, Simon Godwin. 

Jones: F G Simmons. 

Lenoir: R W King. 

Liuceln: W P Bynum. 

Macon : R M Henry. 

Madison: G W Gahagan. 

Martin : Jesse R Stubbs. 

McDowell: Alney Burgin. 

Mecklenburg: Thomas N Alexander, Alexander Mclver. 

Montgomery : J S iapencer. 

IVioore: A R McDonald. 

Eash: A B Baines. 

New Hanover: Wm A Wright, Dr H F Murphy. 

Northampton: John B Odom, William Barrow. 

Onslow: Isaac N Sanders. 

Orange: John Berry. S F Phillips. 

Pasquotank: G W Brooks. 

Perquimans: Thomas Wilson. 

Person: Edwin G Reade. 

Pitt: Churchill Perkins, W. S. Hanrahan. 

liandolph: S S Jackson, Zebedee Rush. 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ]!TORTH CAROLINA. 29 



Richmond: Alfred Dockerj^ 

Robeson: Neal A McLean, Nathaniel McLean. 

Rockingham: Thomas Settle, Robei't H. Ward. 

Rowaa: Nathaniel Boyden, I W Jones. 

Rutherford and Polk: G W Logati, C L Harris. 

Sampson: A A McKoy, Tlios I Faison. 

Stanly: James M McUorkle. 

Stokes: A H Joyce. 

Surry: Samuel Forkner. 

Tyrrell: Charles McCleese. 

Union: Sam'l H. Walkup. 

Wake: B F Moore, 11 A Hodge, W H Harrison. 

Warren: W^illiam Eaton, Jr., P H Joyner. 

Washington: J C Johnston. 

Watauga: Geo. W. Bradloy. 

Wayne: W T Faircloth, J T Kennedy. 

Wilkes: P Smith, J Q A Bryan. 

Yadkin: Thomas Haynes. 

Yancey and Mitchell: G Garland. 

At the election held in November, the following were elected 
from their several Districts to the 

HOUSE OF REPKESEISrTATIVES IIST COl!q"GRESS: 
1st Dist— J RStubbs, of Martin, | 5th Dist — L Hanes, of Davidson. 



2d " C C Clark, of Craven. 
3d '• T C Fuller, of Curaherlnd 
4th " Josiah Turner, Jr., Orange 



6th " SH Walkup, of Union. 
7th " A H Jonesof Henders'n 



The Legislature of that winter elected to the United States 
Senate, Wm. A. Graham, of Orange, for the long term ; John 
Pool, of Pasquotank, for the short term. The term for which 
Mr. Pool was elected expiring on the 4th of March, 1867, the- 
Legislature of 1866-'67 elected, as his successor, M. E. Manly, 
of Craven. 

At the popular election held in November, 1865, Jonathan 
Worth, of Randolph, then Treasurer of the State, was elected 
Governor, and took his seat on the 28th day of December of 
that year. By reason of a conflict between the President and 



30 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



Congress, our entire delegation were denied seats in that body. 
The amendments to the Constitution adopted by the Conven- 
tion were submitted to the vote of the people and rejected by a 
vote of 19,570 /o?% to 21, bhi against, them. This Constitution, 
as reported by the Convention, consisted of the original instru- 
ment of 1776, with amendments of 1835, 1857, 1861 and 1865, 
consolidated and systematized, with some additions to the Bill 
of Rights. 

The differences between Congress and the President became 
constantly more antagonistic — the vetoes and remonstrances of 
the latter were disregarded by the former — oaths were imposed 
which amounted to a virtual disfranchisement of a large portion 
of our citizens — the recently liberated slaves were invested with 
the right of suffrage, and other prerogatives of citizenship — and 
the elective franchise was exercised only under the bayonet or the 
supervision and control of a military commander, whose office 
was in Charleston, South Carolina. 

Under authority vested in him, by the Reconstruction Acts 
of Congress, Gen. E. R. S. Canby, commanding the 2d Military 
District, issued an order for an election to be held for delegates 
to a Convention which should meet in Raleigh on the 14th day 
of January, 1868. The votes were compared and certificates of 
election were issued by this officer. The following named dele- 
gates were by him declared to be elected : 

DELEGATES TO THE COKVEJSTTIOISr OF 1868: 

Counties of Burke and McDowell : John S Parks, W A B Murphy. 
" Rutherford and Pulk : W H Logan, Jesse Rhodes. 

" Yancey and Mitchell : Julius S Garland. 

" Madison, Buncombe, Henderson and Transylvania : 

Geo W Gahagan, J H Duckworth, Thos J Candler. 
" Haywood and Jackson : W G B Garrett. 

' ' Alleghany, Ashe, Surry, Watauga and Yadkin : Sam'l 

Forkner, Evan Benbow, Geo W Bradley and Edwin 

C Bartlett. f 

t By order of Gen. Canby, the name of John G. Marler was inserted in place of 
Edwin C. Bartlett. 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NORTH CAROLINA. 31 



Counties of Macon, Clay and Cherokee : Mark May, G'eo W Dickey. 

Caldwell, Wilkes, Iredell and Alexander : Calvin J 
Cowles, Calvin C. Jones, Wesley H George, John Q 
A Br J an and Jerry Smith. 
" Davie and Rowan : Allen Rose, Dr. Milton Hobbs, and 

Isaac M Shaver. | 
" Cleaveland : Plato Durham. 

" Catawba : James R E'lis. 

" Lincoln : Joseph H King. 

" Gaston : Milo J Aydlott. 

" Mecklenburg : Edvfard B. Fullings, Silas N StilvvelL 

" Union: William Ntwsom. 

^' Cabarrus : W T Blume. 

" Stauiy : Levi C Morton. 

'■ Anson : George Tucker, Henry Chillson. 

Stokes : R F Petree. 

Forsythe : E B Teagur. 
*' Davidson : Isaac Kioney, S MuUican. 

Randolph : T L L Cox, R F Trogden. 
*' Guilford : G W Welker, A W Tourgee. 

Rockingham : H Barnes, John French. 
*' Caswell : Wilson Carey,* P Hodnett. 

" Alamance': Henry M Ray. 

" Pertjon : William Merritt. 

Orange : E M Holt, J W Graham. 

Chatham : J A McDonald, W T Gunter. 

W^ake : S D Franklin, J P Andrews, BSD Williams, 
James H Harris.* 
" Granville : J W Rf;giand, J I Moore and C Mayo.* 

" Warren: John A Hyman,* John Real. 

" Franklin : John H Williamson,* Jas T Harris. 

Cumberland : \y A Mann, J W Hotd.* 
" Harcett : J M Turner. 

" Moore : S S McDonald. 

" Montgomery : Geo A Graham. 

" Richmond : R T Long, Sr. 

" Wayne : H L Grant, J Hollowell. 

" Johnston : Dr, James Hay, Nathan Gulley. 

" Greene : J M Patrick. 

" Wilson : W Daniel. 

" Nash : Jacob Ing. 

fBy order of Gen. Canby, the name of James McOut)l)ins was inserted in place 
of Isaac M. Shaver. 
* Colored members. 



]2 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



County of Halifax : Henry Epps,* J H Renfrew, W J T Hayes.* 

" Northampton : R C Parker, H T Grant. 

" Edgecombe: J H Baker, Henry A Dowd. Henry C 

Cherry * 

" Lenoir : R W King. 

" Brunswick : Edwin Legg. 

" Columbus : Haynes Lennon. 

" Robeson : Joshua L Nance, O S Hayes. 

Bladen : A W Fi-^her, F F French. 

" New Hanover ; J C Abbott, S S Ashley and A H Gal- 
loway.* 

" Duplin : J W Peterson,* Sam'l Higlismith.* 

" Sampson : Sj'lvester Carter. Alexander Williams. 

" Tyrrell and Washington : E W Jones. 

" Martin : Samuel W Watts. 

" Bertie : P D Robbins,* Bryant Lee.* 

Hertford : J B Hare. 

" . Gates : Thomas D Hoffler. 

" Chowan : John R French. 

" Perquimans : Dr Wm Nicholson. 

" Pasquotank and Camden : C C Pool, M Taylor. 

" Currituck : Thos. Sanderlin. . 

" Craven : David Heaton, WHS Sweet, C D Pierson.* 

" Onslow : Jasper Etheridge. 

" Cart(>ret : Abraham Congleton. 

" Beaufort : W B Rodman. William Stilley. 

" Pitt : Byron Laflin, D J Rich. 

" Hyde : Andrew J Glover. 

This body met, and among the many important changes 
made in the organic h^w may be mentioned : The creation of 
the offices of Lieutenant Governor, and Superintendent of Pub- 
lic Works ; making eligible to office all male citizens who had 
the right to vote ; increasing the number of Judges of the Su- 
preme and Superior Courts, and giving their election and tliat 
of magistrates to the people ; abolished the County Court sys- 
tem, and substituted a new system of county government ; made 
the meetings of the Legislature annual ; established a Peniten- 
tiary ; ordered a census of the State to be taken every ten jears, 



* Colored members . 



11LST0RICAL8KETCH0F NORTH CAROLINA. 33 



the tirst to be takeu in 1875; and made the rights of the negro 
eqnal with the white race, before the law. W. W. Holden, of 
Wake, who had been elected Governor for four years from the 
1st day of January, 1869, was inaugurated July 4th, 1868. 
Tod E. Caldwell, of Burke, was Lieutenant Governor and ex 
n^cio President of the Senate. 

The Legislature of 1870-'71 impeached Governor Holden, and 
he was removed from office. Lieutenant Governor Caldwell 
assumed the duties of Governor. An act was passed by the 
Legislature April 3d, 1871, appointing an election to be held 
August 3d, 1871, upon the question of holding a Convention, 
and it was defeated by a vote of 86,007 /or, to 93,352 aqainst, it. 
At the regular election in 1872, Tod E. Caldwell was elected 
Governor, and Curtis H. Brogden Lieutenant Governor, for four 
years from the 1st of January, 1873. The Constitution of 1868 
had been found ill-suited, in many esssential particulars, to the 
interests and condition of our people ; and the Legislature of 
1872-'73, among the amendments made to that instrument, 
abolished the office of Superintendent of Public Works ; changed 
the sessions of the General Assembly from annual to biennial 
terms, and abrogated the clause ordering the census of the State 
to be taken. Governor Caldwell died July 11th, 1874, and was 
succeeded for the unexpired term by Lieut. Gov. Brogden. In 
March, 1875, the Legislature passed an act proposing certain 
amendments to the Constitution, and providing for a Conven- 
tion, restricted in its action to the consideration of these pro- 
posed amendments. The Convention met in Raleigh on the 6th 
of September, and was composed of the following delegates: 

MEMBERS OP THE CONVENTION OF 1875. 



Alamance: James E Boyd. 

Alexander: Reuben Watts. 

Alleghany: E L Vaughan. 

Anson: RT Bennett. 

Ashe: J O Wilcox. 

Beaufor^& Pamlico: J E Shepherd 

Bertie: F W Bell. 



Buncombe: T L Clingman, David 

<^oleman 
P.urke: A C Avery. 
Cabarrus: K ^^ Allison, 
('aldwell: E W Jones. 
Camden: J L Chamberlain, 
Casvv ell: E B Withers, WilsoQ Gary* 



♦Colored member. 



34 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



Bladen: A McDonald. 
Brunswick: K W Taylor. 
Carteret: James Runiley. 
Catawba: M L McCorkle. 
Cliataam: John Maaning and V.'' F 

Strowd. 
Cherokee & Grabam: J W Cooper 
Chowan: John R Page. * 
Clay: J S Anderson. 
Cleaveland: Plato Durham. 
Columbus: Forney George. 
QroT.en; R F Lehman aud John S 

Mannix. 
Cu.iiueiiaud: R P Buxton and J 

Blocker. 
Currituck : W H Cowell. 
Dare: G B Bliven. 
Davids'-n: F C Robbins and B B 

Roberts 
Davie: Ci.arles Pricp. 
Duplin: J N Stallings and \Vm 

Farrior. 
Edgecombe: W P Mabson* and A 

Mc''abe. 
Forsythe: W H Wheeler. 
Franklin: VV F Green. 
Gascon: Jonas Hoffman. 
Gues: W P Roberrs. 
Granville: I J. Young and J A 

Ballock. 
Green: Joseph Dixon. 
Gailford: A \V Tourgpe and A ^ 

Holtnn. 
Halifax: J E O'Hara* and J J 

Goodwin. 
Harnett: J H Harrington, 
Haywood: Sam'l L Love. 
Henderson: John F Woodfin. 
Hertford: J J Horton. 
Hyde: W S Cuter. 
Iredell: T A Nicholson and C A 

Summers. 
Jackson: G W Spake. 
Johnston: B R Hinnant and P T 

Massey. 
Jones: J F Scott. 
Lenoir: R W King. 
Lincoln: Caleb Motz. 
Macon: W N Allman. 
Madison: J G Anderson. 
Martin: C B Hassell. 



McDowell: S J Neal. 
Mecklenburg: Rufus Barringer and 

VV M Kerr. 
Mitchell. J VV Bowman. 
Montgomery: Allen Jordan. 

Moore: W M Black. 
Nash: B H Bunn 
New Hanover and Pender: G Z 
Fiench, S H Manning and J H 
Smyth e * 
Northampton: Wm Barrow. 
Onslow: J.imes G Scott. 
Orange: Josia;i Turner and W N 

Paiterson. 
Pa^quotaiiiv: W J Munden. 
PerquiniMns; J W Albertson. 
Person: J VV Cunningham 
Pitt: 1' J Jarvis aud VV M King. 
t'oUi: N ti Hampton. 
Ran (j!ph; J VV Bean, and A M 

Lnvre. 
Richmond: O H Dockery. 
Robeson: D Sinclair and C A Mc- 

Eachin. 
Rockingham: D S Reid and J T 

Mor. Jiead 
Roiran: F E Shober and John S 

Henderson . 
PLUtiieriurd: James Justice. 
Sampson: . Wm Kirby and S J Fai- 

sou 
SUiiily: Ji>sepb Mar- hall. 
Stokes; VV W McCanless 
Surry: Joseph Dobson 
Sw\'\in: E Ever._'tt. 
Transylvania: G W Wilson. 
Tyrrell: Edward Ransom, 
ijnion: T VV Redwine. 
Wake: M C Hudge, A L Davis, J 

J No well and H C Badger. 
Wa'ren: J W Thorne and J O 

( 'rosby * 
^^'ashiagton: J M Bateman. 
Watauga: Hervy Bingham. 
Wayne: VV T Faircloth and G H 

Grantham. 
Wilkes: T J Dula and J Q A Bryan. 
Wilson: R W Singletary. 
Yadkin: B F Jones. 
Yancey; C R Byrd. 



* Colored members. 



EXECUTIVE AND STATE OFFICERS. 



35 



The amendments of greatest importance adopted by this Con- 
yeation, and which were ratified by a vote of 120,159, to 106,554, 
were the establishment of separate schools for the races; of a 
Department of Agriculture; of Criminal and Inferior Courts; 
the election of Magistrates by the Legislature; reducing the 
number of Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts; dis- 
franchising persons convicted of infamous crimes; and limiting 
the per diem of members of the General Assembly to four dollars, 
for sixty days, to each session. 

With laws guaranteeing ample and equal protection to all of 
her citizens; administered by native sons distinguished for their 
devotion to the State, her future is indeed hopeful and auspi- 
oious. 



CHAPTER III. 

DXECUTIVB AND STATE OFFICERS UNDER THE LORDS PROPRIETORS 
UNDER CHARTER OF CHARLES IL FROM 1663 TO 1729. 



DATE. 


NAMES. 


DATE. 


NAMES. 


1663 


William Drummond. 




Henderson Walker. 


1667 


Samuel Stevens. 


1704 


Robert Daniel. 


1674 


Sir George Carteret.. 




Sir Nathaniel Johnson, 


1667 


Sir George Eastchurch. 




Thomas Carey. 


«... 


Miller, Deputy. 


1712 


EdAvard Hyde. 






L712 


George Pollock. 


• • • . 




1683 


Seth Sothel. 


1713 


Charles Eden. 


1689 


Phillip Ludwell. 


1724 


George Burrington. 


1693 


Thomas Smith. 


1725 


Sir George Everhard. 


1694 


John Archdale. 


1729 


The Lords Proprietors sur- 


1698 


Thomas Harvey. 




rendered their charters 
to the Crown. 



36 



EXECUTIVE AND STATE OFPICEKS. 



GOVERNORS 


UNDER THE CROWN. 


DATE. 


NAMES. 


DATE. 


NA.MES. 


1730 

1734 
1753 


George Burrington. 
Grabriel Jolmstou. 
Arthur Dobl)s. 


1753 
1765 

1771 


Matthew Eowau. 
William Tryon. 
Josiah Martin. 





GOVERNORS UNDER THE CONSTITUTION ELECTED BY THE GENERAL 

ASSEMBLY. 



DATF. 


1 NAMES. 


COUNTIES. 


1776.... 


liichard. Caswell - - - - 


Lenoir. 


1779.... 


Abner Nash . . _ 


Craven. 


1781.... 


Thomas Burke - - - - 


Orange. 


1782.... 


Alexander Martin - - - 


Guilford. 


1784.... 


Richard Caswell 


Lenoir. 


1787.... 


Samuel Johnston - - - - 


Chowan. 


1789.... 


Alexander Martin . . - . 


Guilford. 


1792.... 


Richard Dobbs Spaight, Sr. 


Craven. 


1795.... 


Samuel Ashe . _ - . . 


New Hanover. 


1798.... 


William R. Davie 


Halifax. 


1799..-. 


Benjamin Williams - - - - 


Moore. 


1802 . . . 


James Turner - _ . - _ 


Warren. 


1805 .... 


iN"athaniel Alexander 


Mecklenburg. 


1807.... 


Benjamin Williams - - - 


Moore. 


1808.... 


David Stone _ _ - - - 


Bertie. 


1810... 


.benjamin Smith - - _ - - 


Brunswick. 


1811... 


"Yilliam Hawkins - - - - 


Warren. 


1814.... 


vYilliam Miller - . - - - 


Warren. 


1817.... 


John Branch - - - - - 


Halifax. 


1820.... 


Jesse Franklin - - - - 


Surry. 


1821.... 


Gabriel Holmes . - - 


Sampson. 


1824.... 


Hutchins G. Burton 


Halifax. 


1827.... 


James Iredell - - - 


Chowan. 


1828.... 


John Owen - - - - - 


Bladen. 


1830.... 


Montford Stokes - - - 


Wilkes. 


1832.... 


David L. Swain - - 


Buncombe. 


1835.... 


liichard Dobbs Spaight, Jr. - 


Graven. 



EXECUTIVE AND STATE OFFICERS. 



37 



GOVERNORS ELECTED BY THE PEOPLE. 



DATE. 



NAMES. 



COUNTIES. 



lbo7. 

1841. 
1845 . 
1849. 
1851. 
1854. 
1 855 . 
1 >59 . 
1861. 
1863. 
1865. 
1865. 
1866. 
1869. 
1870. 
1S73. 
1874. 
1877. 



Edward B. Dudley - - . 
John M. Morehead 
William A. Graham - - - 
Charles Manly - - - - • 
David S. Reid . - - - 
Warren Winslow, Ex ofticio - 
Thomas Brag^' - - - 
John W. Ellis - - - • 

Henry T. Clark, Ex ofiicio - 
Zebulon B. Vance 

William W. Holden, Provisional - 
Jonathan Worth . - _ 
William W' . Holden 
Tod R. Caldwell, Ex officio 



Curtis H. Brog'den, 
Zebulon B. Vance 



Ex officio 



JS'ew Hanover. 

Guilford. 

Orange. 

Wake. 

Rockingham . 

Cumberland. 

Northampton . 

Rowan. 

Edgecombe. 

Buncombe. 

Wake. 
Randolph. 
Wake. 
Burke. 

Wayne. 
Mecklenbursr. 





LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR'?. 




DATE. 


NAMES. 


COUNTIES. 


is(jy 

1873.... 

1877.... 


'lod K. Caldwell . . . _ 
Curtis H. Brogden - - - 
Thomas J. Jar vis - - - - 


Burke. 
Waj'ne. 
Pitt. 




SECRETARIES OP STATE. 





DATE. 


NA.V1B.S. 


DATE. 


NAMES. 


1777 


James Glasgow. 


1864 


Charles R. Thomas. 


1778 


William W' hite. 


1866 


R. W. Best. 


1811 


William Hill. 


1869 


Henry J. Menninger. 


1859 


Rufus H. Page. 


1873 


William H. Howerton. 


186.'? 'J. P. H. Russ. 1 


1877 


Joseph A. Engelhard. 



38 



EXECUTIVE AND STATE OFFICERS. 



TREASURERS. 



1776 

1777 
1787 
3 827 
1830 



1835 
1837 



NAMES 



Richard 
Samuel 

Memucan 

John Hay 

William S. 

Robert H. 

William S. 

Samuel F. 

Dauiel W. 



Caswell 
Johnston. 
Hunt, 
wood. 

Robairds. 

Burton. 
Mhoon. 

Patterson. 

Courts. 



1839 
1843 
1845 
1852 
18G3 
18G5 
186G 
1809 
1877 



NAMES. 



Charles L. Ilinton. 
John H. Wlieeler. 
Charles L. H in ton. 
Daniel W. Courts, 
•lohnathan Worth. 
William Sloan. 
Kemp P. Battle. 
DaA'id A. Jenkins. 
Jolin M. Worth. 



COMPTROLLERS. 



1783 

1808 
1825 

1827 



1834 



NAMES. 



John Craven. 
Samuel Goodwin. 
Joseph Hawkins. 
John L. Henderson. 
James G-rant. 
Nathan Stedman. 



1836 
1851 

1855 
1857 
1867 



William F. Collins. 
William J. Clarke. 
George W. Brooks. 
Curtis II. Brogden. 
S. W. Burgin. 



AUDITORS- 



DATE. 


NAMES. 


DATE. 


NAMES. 


1868 




1877 




to 


Henderson Adams. 


to 




1873 




1881 


Samuel L. Love.. 


1873 








to 








1877 


John Reilly. 







SUPERINTENDENTS OP PUBLIC IN'^TRU'"'TTOAr. 



DATE. 


NAME. 


DATE. 


NAME. 


1868 

1872 


S. S. Ashley, 
Alex. Mclver, 


1874 
1877 


Stephen D. Pool, 
John C. Scarborough, 



STATE OFFICERS. 



39 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OP MEMBERS TO THE CONTINENTAL AND UNITED 
STATES CONGRESS TO DATE. 



Ashe, John B 

Bloodworth, Timothy 

Blount, William 

Burke, Thomas 

Burton, Robert 

Caswell, Richaid 

Gumming, William.. 
Harnett, Cornelius... 

Hawkins, Benjamin... 

Hewes, Joseph 

Hill, Whitmill 

Hooper, William 



a 




o 




« 





^ 


H 


J 787 


1788 


178H 


17',7 


17>2 


ns:. 


i7«t) 


IV 87 


1777 


1781 


171-7 


l-i88 


1:74 


h7B 


17Ht 


17^4 


777 


1V8' 


1781 


178 


17!-6 


l-,«7 


1774 


1777 


1, 9 


1780 


1778 


178 


1774 


!777 



Johnston, Samuel. 
Jones, Allen 

Nash, Ahner 

Penn, John 

Sitgreaves, John. .. 
Sharpe, William... 
Spaight, Richard D 

Swan, John 

Williams, John 

Williamson, Hugh. 

White, Alexander. 



178 
17 9 

78;; 
l7!-'5 
1775 
1777 
1:84 
177 
J7t: 
17^7 

177 8 

J 73: 
188' 
1786 



1783 
1780 
1784 
1786 
177o 
1780 
1785 
1782 
1785 
17 88 
1789 
1785 
178.S 
1788 



MEMBERS OP SENATE OP UN'ITED STATES PR >M NORTH CAROLINA. 



Ahhott, Jos. C 

Badger, George E 

Biggs, Asa 

Bragrg, Thomas 

Bloodsworth, Timothy 

Branch, John 

Brown, Bedford 

Clingman, T. L 

Franklin, Jesse 

Graham, William A.... 
Hawkins, Benjaniiu. .. 
Haywood, William H . 

Iredell, James 

Johnston, SamiTel 

Locke, Prancis 



18'iT 

1>4'! 
1 54 
)859 
1:95 
l8'-i;■^ 
1820 
1S^8 
179' 
8U7 
1-41 
1789 

1S4- 
lS-8 
1789 
1814 



18 1 
18')'i 
1S58 
18til 
18(11 
18.9 
1H41 
1 61 
1805 
11. 

1 95 

lS4f) 

1831 
17'j3 
1815 



Macon, Nathaniel, 

Mangum, W. P 

Martin, Alexander 

Merrimon, A. S 

Pool, John 

Ransom, Matt W. 

Reid, 1 avid S 

Stokes, Montford.. 

Stone, David 

Sir.uige, Rohert..- 
Turner, James 



1815 

IN.HI 

1S41 
1S48 
17:3 
1873 

18;: 

1872 

1 77 
1854 
18'6 
18111 
1813 
i8;.6 
18(..5 



18iS 
1837 
1847 
T5:^ 
1799 
lis79 
1873 
18.77 
1883 
1859 
1823 
1807 
1814 
1841 
1816 



MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES FROM NORTH CARO- 
LINA. 



Alexander, Evan 

AlPxand.M', Natliai)i"i 

Alston, Willis 

Alston, Willis, Jr j 

Arrington. A. H 

Ashe, John B 

Ashe, William S 

A Bhe, Thomas S , 



18 5 


18('9 


180T 


18f5 


179' 


]'{y.i 


813 


1ft 5 


18-.5 


1831 


1841 


1>-45 


17ii'' 


17;<3 


1849 


1853 


1873 


1875 



Cot)!), C. L 

Cochran, James 

Conner, H. W 

Craige, Burton 

Crudup, Josiah 

Culpeper, John J 



1869 
I81W 
1821 
1853 
]8:dj 
1«7 
18j3 
18:9 
1823 



1875 
1813 
1841 
18fil 
1823 
IRitp 
1817 

isn 

18i;5 



40 



MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. 



HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES— CbRiiHMec;. 



Blount, Thomas. 



Boyden, Nathaniel... 

Branch, John 

Branch, L. O'B 

Brogden, Curtis H. . . 

Bryan, Nathan 

Bryan, John H 

Bryan, Joseph H 

Burgess, Dempsey. . . 
Burton, Hutchins G. 

Bynum, Jesse A 

Boyden, Jfathaniel. . . 
Caldwell, Green W..= 
Caldwell, Joseph P. . . 

Carson, Samuel P 

Clark, James W 

Clark, Henry S 

Clingmau, Thos. L... 

Cobh, C. L 

Cochran, James 

Conner, H. W 

Cralge, Burton 

Crudup, Josiah 



Culpepper, John. 



Daniel, J. B. J 

Davidson, William . . 

Davis, Joseph J 

Dawson, William J. 

Deweese, J. T 

Dohtoin, James C. . . 



DeBerry, Edmund. 



Dockery, Alfred 

Dockery, O. H 

Dickens, Samuel 

Donnell, R. S 

Dixon, Josei)h H 

Dixon, Joseph H 

Dudley, Ed ward B... 
Edwards, Weldon N. 

Fisher, Charles 

Forney, Daniel M 

Forney, Peter 

Franklin, Jesse 

Franklin. Meshack.. 

French, John R 

Gaston, William 

Gatlin, Alfred M 

Gillespie, James 

Giliuer, John A 

Graliam, James 

Grove, William B 

Hall, Thomas H 



r,9.. 

1.811 
11^47 
i83i 
185.fi 
1877 
1795 
18^5 

18 ir 

I7:<r 
1819 

183; 

1867 
I84i 
I'dM 
1825 
1815 
184: 
134? 
u47 
186„ 



i821 

i85^; 

18s I 
lSli7 
18!3 
ibi9 

1811 

1 81b 

1873 

If77 

1:9 

i^67 

184? 

1829 

le:-3 

i>4.- 

1845 

185! 

J 867 

!81 

1847 

179:' 

lr7j 

1829 
leln 
1819 
18:9 
1815 
1&3 
1.9. 
1-07 
1867 
i8l." 

17 

1-03' 
18 >7 
I 3-! 
l84-\ 
1-91 
117 
1-27' 



r 
1*19 

181, 

i84 

18f:3 

1851 

1-7 

1798 

L82i 

1819 

17 9o 
1821 
1841 
U69 
If 43 
1851 
1833 
18,7 
1847 
.'845 
iBi;9 
187.-. 
,81:-; 

18 a 

.8 1 
i82:S 
1 8.jy 
1817 
8 1 
1(25 
185:.! 
1821 
1.875 
1879 
1795 

i847 
ie:-!l 
184") 
18 d 
184? 
1853 
1^71 
1817 
184.1 
1 ul 
187'J 
1S31 
1K7 
l>;iil 
1841 
1818 
1815 
17-7 
18:5 

18 i 7 

1R5 

1799 

]8'.r5 

1861' 

18. .3' 

1n4 

18<3 

1825 

1835 



Hawkins, M. T 

Heaton, David 

Henderson. Archiljald. 

Hill, John 

Hill, William H 

Hines, Richard 

Holland, J ames 

Holmes, Gabriel 

Hooks, Charles 

Hyman, John A 

Jones, A. H 

Jones, Charles 

Kenan, Thos 



Kennedy, William. 

King, William R... 
Lash, I. G 



Leach, James M. 



Lock, Mathew 

Long, John 

Love, William C 

Macon, Nathaniel 

Maugum, W. P 

Manning, John Jr 

McBride, Archibald... 

McDowell, Joseph 

McFarland, Duncan. . . 
McKay, James J 

McNeill, Archibald 

Mebane, Alexander 

Mitchell, Anderson 

Montgomery, William. 

Munlord, George 

Morehead, James T 

Murfree, William H. .. 

Outlaw, George 

Outlaw, David 

Owen, James 

Paiue, R. T 

Pettigrew, E 

Pearson, Joseph. 

Pickens, Israel . 

Potter, Robert 

Puryear, R. C 

Purvianco, Samuel D. . 

Rayner, Kenneth 

Reade, E. G 

Rencher, Abraham 

Reid, David S 

Rogers, Sion H 

Robbins, W. M 

RufBn, Thomas 

Saunders, R. M 



Sawyer, Lemuel. 



18^1 

1867 

179 

18:'.9 

.799 

1825 

1795 

le 
i8'^5 : 

1816 

i.sig : 

1875: 
186. 
1801 
1805 : 
IfO:? 

180 1 : 

181i 

1811 : 

1867 

i85 

1869; 

179 , 

1821 

18,5. 

1791: 

18k3] 

1871 

IBv^g 

l7:-3 : 

I79i 

181,5 

1831 

1821 

a8-i5 

l.y3 

.84; 

i8.J5 

1^17 . 

1851 

18J3: 
I8i4: 

1S-.7 : 

181- 

P5; 

l«:-5 : 

i8 9] 

18I; 

lHi9 

1^0 ■■ 
18-9: 

1855 
18i;^ 
U4' 
84 
18."3 
187 
187:- 
1877 
1"5:^ 
18;il 
^41 



MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. 



41 



HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES— Co?i«tTOied. 



Sa-wyer, S. T 

Scales, A. M 

Settle, Thomas 

Sevier, John 

Shadwick, William., 
Shepherd, i harles B 
Shepard, William B. 

Shepherd, A. H 

Shober, F. E 

Smitli, James S 

Smith, W. A 

Smith, W.N. H 

Slocumh, Jesse 

Speight, Jesse 

Spaig-ht, R. D 

Spaig-ht, R. D. Jr.... 
Stanford, Richard.... 

Stanly, John 

Stanly, Edward 

Steele, John 

Steele, Walter L 



18-^7 

1867 
1-75 

iei7 

1-9 

1796 
1S3 
18-^7 
IP2 

,847 
1889 
1817 

873 
1859 
l-ii7 

827 

1 8 

18-2 .S 

9 

in 
It 09 
837 
18-J9 
17:0 
If 75 



1839 
1859 
187i> 
18 



1861 



1879 



Stewart, James. 
Stone, David 

shaw, H. M 



Tatum, Abs 

Tate, Mag-nus 

Thomas, Charles R 

Tui'ne.r, Daniel 

Vanee, R. B 

Vance, R. B. Jr 

Vance, Zehnlon B 

Venable, A, W 

Waddell, A. M 

Walker, Felix 

Washing-ton, Wm H. . . 

Williams, Benjamin 

Williams, Lewis 

Williams, Marmaduke. 

Williams, Robert 

Williamson, Hugh 

Winslow, Warren 

Winston, Josei)h 

Wynns, Tliomas 

Yancy, Bartlett 

Yeates, Jesse J 



1818 
I7i;9 
18,^3 
1857 
179 
1815 
1871 
1827 
1883 
1873 
18r8 
847 
1871 
1817 
1841 
j7/3 
1815 
18(3 
1797 
I7i:0 
1855 
1793 
18U3 
18(2 
1813 
1875 



ie55 

1859 



;8?5 
187a 
1861 

1879 



1861 



1879 



MEMBERS ISrOAY IN CONGRESS FROM NORTH CAR- 
OLINA. 



Matt. W. Ransom. 



SENATORS, 

I Augustus S. Merrimou. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 



1st Dist., Jesse J. Yeatep. 
2d " Curtis H. Brogxleu. 
3d " Alfred M. Waddell. 
4tli " Joseph J. T)avis. 



otli Dist., Walter L. Steele. 
6tli '• Alfred M. Scales. 
7th " William ivi. Robbins. 
8th " Robert B. Vance. 



JUDICIARY. 

SUPREME COURT. 

W. N. H. Smith, Chief Justice. 
Thomas S. Ashe, Associate Justice. 
John H. Dillard, " 

Clerk, W. H. Bagley, of Wake. 



42 MEMBEES OF CONGRESS. 



SUPERIOR COURTS. 



1st Jiicl. Dist., Mills L. Eure. 
2d " " A. S. Seymour. 
3d " " A. A. McKay. 
4tli '' " E. P. Buxton. 
5tli " '' John Kerr. 



Gtli Jud. Dist., David Sclienck. 
7tli " " J. F. Graves. 
8tli " " A. C. Avery. 
9th '' " J. C. L.Gudger. 



STATE BOAED OF EDUCATION. 

The Governor^, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, 
Treasurer, Auditor, Superintendent of Public Instruction and 
Attorney General. 



PEESENT EXECUTIVE. 

GOVERNOR. 

Zebulon B. Vance was born in Buncombe county May 13th, 
1830. Was educated at the Uuniversity, studied law and ob- 
tained license to practice in 1852. In 1854 he vras elected to the 
House of Commons; In 1858, was elected to the lower house of 
Congress to fill the unexpired term of T. L. Clingman, who had 
been appointed to the Senate by Governor Bragg. Was re-elected 
to the same position in 1859. Entered the Confederate army 
as Captain in 1861; was promoted to the Colonelcy of the 26tli 
N. C. Eegiment, and in 18G2was elected Governor of the State. 
In 18G4 was again elected Governor. In 1870 he was elected ta 
the United States Senate by the Legislature, but Congress re- 
fusing to remove his political disabilities, he resigned. In 1876 
he v/as elected Governor by the popular vote for four years from 
the 1st day of January, 1877. 

LIEUTEl^ANT GOVERi^"OR. 

Thomas J. Jarvis was born in Currituck county July 18th,, 



STATE OFFICEES. 43 



1836. Graduated at Randolph Macon College in 1860. Studied 
law and obtained license to practice. Served as Captain through 
the war. Was elected to the Constitutional Conyention of 1865^ 
and to the lower branch of the Legislature from Tyrrell county 
in 1868. In 1870, as a member of that body, he was elected 
Speaker. Removing to Pitt county; he was chosen a delegate to 
the Constitutional Convention of 1875. In 1876 he was elected 
Lieutenant Governor for four years from the 1st of January, 
1877. 

SECRETARY OF STATE. 

Joseph A. Engelhard was born in Monticello, Mississippi, 
September 27th, 1832. Graduated at Chapel Hill in 1854. 
Studied law and obtained license to practice. Was Major and 
Quartermaster of Branch's Brigade, and promoted to Adjutani 
General of Pender's Division, during the war. Was Associate 
Editor of the Wilmington Journal from 1866 to his election,. 
Was elected Secretary of State in 1876, for four years from 
January 1st, 1877. 

TREASURER, 

John M. Worth was born in Guilford county June 28th, 1811. 
Graduated as a physician in the Medical College at Lexington, 
Kentucky. Represented the Senatorial District composed of 
Moore and Montgomery counties, three different times, and the 
district composed of Randolph and Montgomery, twice, and the 
district composed of Randolph and Moore twice. Was elected 
State Treasurer in 1876 for four years from the 1st of January, 
1877. 

ATTORKBY GENERAL. 

Thomas S. Kenan was born in Duplin county February 17th,. 
1838. Graduated at Chapel Hill in 1857. Studied law and 
obtained license to practice. Entered the army as Captain and 
was promoted to the Colonelcy of the 43d N", C. Troops. Was 
elected to the lower branch of the Legislature in 1865, and 
again in 1866. Elected Attorney General in 1876 for four years 
from January 1st, 1877. 



44 STATE OFFICERS. 



SUPEEINTENDEN'T OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 

John C. Scarborough was Lorn in Wake county, September 
21st, 1S41. Served through the war, and graduated at Wake 
Forest College in 1869. Was elected Superintendent of Public 
Instruction in 1876 for four years from the 1st of January, 1877. 

AUDITOR. 

Samuel L. Love was born in Haywood county, August 25th, 
1828. Graduated in Philadelphia Medical College in 1853. 
Member of Gov. Bragg's council in 1854. Elected to the lower 
branch of the Legislature in 1856, and was re-elected to the same 
position until 1865. Was a member of the Convention of 1875. 
Elected State Auditor for four years from the first day of Jan- 
uary, 1877. 

Private Secretary to the Governor — Lee S. Overman, of 
Rowan county. 

Chief Cleric to Secretary of State — G. L. Dudley, of Ncav 
Hanover county. 

Chief Clerk to Treasurer — Donald W. Bain, of Wake county. 

Teller — Thomas C. Worth, of Randolph county. 

Chief Cleric to Auditor — Andrew J. Partin, of Wake county. 

Adjutant General — Johnstone Jones, of Burke county. 

State Librarian — Sherwood Haywood, of Wake county. 

Keejier of Capitol — J. McL. Turner, of Rowan county. 

STATE GEOLOGIST. 

W. C. Kerr, of Orange county. 

governor's COUNCIL. 

Secretary of State, Treasurer. Auditor and Superintendent of 
Public Instruction. 



MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY. 



45 



MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CARO- 
LINA, 187.^. 



SENATE. 



Pitt— E A Moye, d. 

Wilson, Nasii and Franklin— W S 

Harris, d., R W King, d. 
Jones. Onslow and Carteret — John 

W Shackelford, d. 
Wayne and Duplin — W T Dortch, 

a., J A Bryan, d. 
New Hanover and Pender — R K 

Bryan, d. 
Bladen and Brunswick — AsaRoss,r 
Sampson — Robinson Ward, r. 
Columbus and Robeson — D P Mc- 

Eachern, d. 
Cumberland and Harnett — Neill S 

Stewart, d. 
Johnston — L R Waddell, d. 
Wake — George H Snow, d. 
Warren — Isaac Alston, (col. ) r. 
Granville — E E Lyon, d. 
Chatham— A H Merritt, d. 
Rockingham — J P Uillard, d. 
Alamance and Guilford — J I Scales 

d., David F Caldwell, d. 
Rutherford and Polk — J B Eaves, i 
Richmond and Montgomery — Geo. 

A Graham, r. 
Anson and Union — Culpepper 

Austin, d, 
Cabari-us and Stanlj — J M Red- 

■wine, d. 
Mecklenburg — S B Alexander, d. 
Rowan and Davie — John S Hen- 
derson, d. 
Catawba and Lincoln — W A Gra- 
ham, d. 
Iredell, Wilkes and Alexander — T 

A Nicholson, d., J P Matheson, d. 



Cleaveland and Gaston-L J Hoyle,d 

Buncombe and Madison — T F Da- 
vidson, d. , 

Jackson, Swain, Macon, Cherokee. 
Clay and Graham — James L Rob- 
inson, d. 

Haywood, Henderson and Tran- 
sylvania — T W Taylor, d. 

Orange, Person and Caswell— Geo 

Williamson, d., Giles Mebane, d. 

Greene and Lenoir — W P Or- 
mond, r. 

Tyrrell, Washington, Martin, Beau- 
fort, Pamlico, Dare and Hyde — 
J T Waldo, d., J. T. Respass, d. 

Bertie and Northampton — Geo. D 

Holeman, r. • 

Halifax — Henry Eppes, (col.), r. 

Craven — Edward Bull, r. 

Davidson — J M Leach, d. 

Stokes and Forsythe — George B 
Everett, r. 

Surry and Yadkin — J M Brower, r. 

Alleghany, Ashe and Watauga — 
Jesse Bledsoe, d. 

Caldwell, Burke, McDowell,Mitch- 
ell and Yancey — A M Erwin, d., 
J G Bynum, d. 

Currituck, Camden, Pasquotank, 
Hertford, Gates. Chowan and 
Perquimans — Rufus White, r., 
Geo H Mitchell, r. 

Edgecombe — Willis Bunn, (col- 
ored) r, 

Moore and Randolph — W M 
Black, r. 



HOUSE OF EEPRESENTAXrVEi. 



Alamance — B F Mebane, d. 
Alexander — J M Carson, d. 
Alleghany — E L Vaughan, d. 
Anson — J A Lockhart, d. 
Ashe — Ed Foster, d. 
Beaufort — J C Osborne, r, 
Bertie — Wm C Etheridge, (\ 
Bladen — John Newell, (col.j r. 



Brunswick — A C Meares, d. 
Buncombe — Natt Atkinson, d., M 

E Carter, d. 
Burke — B A Berry, d. 
Cabarrus — W H Orchard, d. 
Caldwell — Edmund Jones, d. 
Camden — S B Forbes, d. 
Carteret — AH Chad wick, d. 



46 



MEMBEES OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY. 



Caswell — Wilson Gary, (col.) r., 
Thos Harrison, r. 

Catawba— R B Davis, d. 

Cliatliam — J M Moring, d.. J J 
Goldsson d. 

Cherokee — Robert Bruce, r. 

Chowan — H H Hobbs, r. 

Clay — J 8 Anderson, d. 

Cleaveland^ — L E Powers, d. 

Columbus — V V Ricliardson. d. 

€raven— W E Clarke, r., W D Pet- 
tii'er, r. 

Cumberland — TS Lutterloli, r.. J 
C. Blocker, r. 

Currituck — J M Woodhouse, d. 

Dare — J L Fulcher, d. 

Davidso — Julian Miller, r., G 
Fi anklin Smith, d. 

Davit — F M Jnlmson, d. 

Duplin— G W Lamb, d., A S Col- 
well, d. 

Edgtcombf — Clinton Battle, (col.) 
r. . Dred Wimherly, (col.) r. 

Forsythe-*-W A Lourie, r. 

Frank ' in— C M Cooke, d. 

Gaston — Hailey Huffstetler, d. 

Gatps — J J Gatling, d. 

Graham * 

Grnnville — J E Burroughs, d.. 
Rufus Amis, d. 

Greene — Joseph Dixon, r. 

Guilford— C J Wheeler, d., J A 
McLean, d. 

Hall! ax — J A White, r., John Rey- 
nolds, ('-0 .) r. 

Harnett— C H Coffield, d. 

Haywood — F M Davis, d. 

Henderson — A J Bird, r. 

Hertfoid — J J Horton, r. 

Hyde — Thomas P Bonner, d. 

Iredell— J R McCorkle, d., J D 
Click, d. 

Jackson F H Leatherwood, d. 

Johnston — E A Bizzell, d., E J 
Holt, d. 

Jones — C D Foy, r. 

Lenoir — W W Dunn, r. 

Lincoln — B C Cobb, d. 

Macon— John Rt^id, d. 

Madison— B F Davis, r. 

Martin — N B Fagan, d. :j: 

McDowell— J T Reid, d. 



Mecklenburg — John L Brown, d., 

W E Ardrey. d. 
Mitchell — Samuel Blalock, d. 
Vlontgomey -W T II Ewing, r. 
Moore — Neill Leach d 
Nash — G N Lewis, d. 
New Hanover— H E Scott, r., W H 

Waddell, (col.) r. 
Northampton — J W Grant, d. 
O^islow — C S Hewitt, d. 
Orange — M A Angier, d., Josiah 

Turner, ind. dem. 
Pandico. f 

Pasqnota'di: — Hugh Cale. (col.) r. 
Fender -Thomas J Armstrong, d. 
Perquimans— J W Blaidell, r. 
Person — Montford McGee, d. 
Pitt — D C Moore, d., Germain Ber- 
nard, d. 
Polk — Nesbit Dim«dale, r. 
Kaiidolpb— N Eugiish, d,, CH 

Bii'gham, r. 
Hichmoud — D M Henderson, r. 
Robeso!)— A C Oliver, d., R M 

Normetit, r. 
liockiugham— TL Rawley, d., Wm 

R Lindsay, d. 
Rowan — H C Bosi, d., David Bar- 
ring er, d. 
Rutherford — Nathan Young, d. 
Sampson — L R ( arroll, d., J C 

Hines, d. 
Stanly — Daniel Ritchey, d. 
Stokes — Squire Venable, r. 
Surry — N P Foard, d. 
Swain — T D Bry.-on, d. 
Transylvania — J H Paxton, d. 
Ty i reil— W G Melson. d. 
Union — D A Covington, d. 
Wake— W E Richardson, d., R W 

Wynne, r , S-ewart Ellison (col.") 

r., J J Ferrell, r. 
Warren — L T Christmas, r., Haw- 

kiu'^ Carter, (col.) r. 
Washington — S L .Johnston, r. 
Watauga — W B Council, d. 
Wayne— G C Buchan, d., W A 

Deans, r. 
Wilkes— Tyre York, d., L Harrell,d 
Wilson— J M Ta} lor. d. 
\ adkin — R R Brown, r. 
Yancey— D G Carter, d. 



♦Graham county votes with Cuerokee county. 
tPamlico county votes with Beaufort county. 
I Since dead, and Robertson elected to fill vacancy. 



CHAPTER IV. 
COUJSTTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



ALAMANCE COUNTY. 

Alamance county was erected in 1848 out of Orange county. 
Derives it name from Alamance Creek, made famous in early 
history by a battle on its banks between the Royalists under 
William Tryon, and the Regulators, under Herman Husbands, 
and others. 

This county belongs to the Middle section of the State. 
County town — Graham., on the North Carolina railroad, 54 
miles west of Raleigh. 

Surface gently undulating; soil, clay and sand. 

Pro'lucts : Corn, wheat, rye, oats, tobacco, cotton, peas, mil- 
let, clover and other grasses, potatoes, turnips and a great vari- 
ety of vegetablee. 

Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, cherries, berries and 
apricots. 

Timhci's : Hickory, poplar and several varieties of oak. 

Minerals : Copper is knoAvn to exist in this county, and min- 
eral springs, particularly of Bulphur and iron. 

Land listed in 1877: 223,771 acres; value of land and town 
lots, 11,096,405. 

Public schools : White 38, colored 18. In addition there are 
Graham Male and Female High School; Graham School, male 
and female, Pleasant Lodge Male Academy, Oak Dale Acade- 
my, Sylvan Academy. 

* Manufactures : Shops of the North Carolina R. R. Co., 
at Company Shops — four establishments for making furniture 
and water wheels. Mill gearing and Threshing Machines made 
at Snow Camp. 

*Not enumeratad In the Table of Industries. Where manufactures, schools, 
minerals, &c., are omitted they were not reported by special correspondents. 
Corrections are earnestly solicited, that any future edition may be perfected. 



48 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



Special correspondent of tlie Bepartment of Agriculture : D 
A¥. Kerr, Haw River. 

ALEXAisD-ER COUNTY 

AVas erected in 1846, and bears the honored nanae that standi 
®ut so prominently in the history of the State, especially in the 
struggle for American Independence. 

This county lies on the western border of the Middle Divis- 
ion, about midway between the northern and southern bounda- 
ries of the State. Taylorsville, its capital, is 150 miles west of 
Raleigh. 

Surface: Hilly, and soil light sandy and clay. 

Products : Corn, wheat, oats, rye, tobacco, flax, peas, sor- 
ghum cane, the grasses, potatoes and a variety of vegetables. 

* Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, grapes and berries. 

Timbers : Several varieties of oak, hickory and white pine. 

Mijurals and, Medicinal Springs : Iron, gold, mica, copper 
and plumbago, and twelve springs — iron and sulphur. 

Lands listed in 1878 : 154,045. acres; value of land and town 
lots, $397,762. 

Public Scliools : White, 64; colored, 8. 

Special correspondents of the Bepartment of Agriculture : W. 
W. Gryder, Cedar Run; J. P. Matheson, Taylorsville. 

ALLEGHANY COUNTY. 

Erected in 1859 from a portion of Ashe county, and derives 
its name from the range of mountains in which it is located. It 
is in the Western Division of the State; is one of the northera 
border counties, adjoining Virginia. Its capital is Gap Civil, 
about 175 miles northwest from Raleigh. 

Surface : Hilly and mountainous, and the soil is sand, clay. 

Products : Corn, oats, wheat, buckwheat, rye and hay. 

Fruits : Apples, pears, cherries, plums and berries. 

*Tliis interest is receiving more attention each year tliroughout the State. 



COUA'TIES OF KOETH CAROLINA. 49 



Timbers : Oak, eliestnut, poplar, pine and maple. 

Minerals and medicinal springs : Gold, copper, plumbago 
and iron, witli one sulphur spring. 

La7id listed in 1877 : 122,990 acres; value of land and town 
lots 1274,264. 

PnUic schools: White, 30; colored, 4. In addition there are 
Sparta Male and Female High School,- and Laurel Springs High 
School. 

Special correspondents of the Bepartment of Agriculture : D. 
C. Jones, Scottville. 

ANSOH COUNTT 

Was erected in 1749, and derives its name from Admiral 
Anson, the celebrated Circumnavigator. 

It belongs to the Middle Division, and is one of the South- 
ern border counties, adjoining South Carolina. 

Wadesboro, the county seat, is 143 miles southwest of Raleigh^ 
and was earned in compliment to Thos. Wade, Colonel of the 
Minute men n Saliisbury District in 1775. 

Sitrface: LTndulating, hilly, with grey soil, and red clay. 

Products : Cotton, tobacco, corn, wheat, oats, rye, millet, 
clover and other grasses, sorghum cane, potatoes, turnips, and 
all the vegetables produced in this climate. 

Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, plums, strawberries, grapes, 
cherries and other small fruits. 

Timbers : Pine, oak, hickory, poplar, gum, ash, beech, birch,, 
maple. 

Minerals and Medinal Spring: Gold and iron, andseveral 
iron sjjrings. 

Land listed in 1877: 320,308 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $776,295. 

Public schools : White, 15; colored, 18. In addition there are 
good schools in operation at Lilesville, Cairo, Polkton, Anson- 
ville, Wadesboro, Bethel, and White's Store. 

Manufactures : Several establishments for making wagons, 
buggies, shoes and saddlery. 

Specid correspondents of the Dep"rtnient of Agriculture: H. 
W. Ledbetter, Wadesboro; John Robinson, Wadesboro. 
4 



50 COUNTIES OF NOKTH CAROLINA. 



ASHE COUNTY 

Was formed in 1799, from a portion of Wilkes County, and 
was named in honor of Governor Samuel Aslie. 

It belongs to the Western Division, lying in the extreme 
northwest corner of the State, and is bounded on the north by 
the Virginia, and west by the Tennessee line. 

Its capital is Jefferson, and is 202 miles northwest from 
Ealeigh. 

Surf ice: Hill}^ and mountainous, and soil clay, loam. 

Products : Corn, wheat, rye, oats, hay, buckwheat, and very 
fine vegetables. 

Fruit : Apples, cherries, grapes, berries. 

Timbers : Oak, hickory, walnut, sugar maple, poplar, 
cucumber. 

La7id listed in 1877 : 245,59-i acres. Value of land and town 
lots $518,265. 

Public Schools : White, 70; colored, 5. 

Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture. 
Geo. H. Hamilton, Beaver Creek; Thos. C. Worth, North 
Fork. 

BEAUFORT COUNTY 

Was formed from Bath County in 1741, and takes its name 
from Henry, Duke of Beaufort, one of the Lords Proprietors 
who surrendered their rights in 1729 to the English Crown. 

This county belongs to the Eastern Division, lies on the Pam.- 
lico Sound, and of our coast counties occupies about a central 
position between South Carolina and Virginia. 

The County town is Washington, on the Pamlico River, 127 
miles south east of Ealeigh. 

Surface : Level, with sandy alluvial soil, very productive. 

Products : Cotton, corn, peas, potatoes, rice, peanuts, and 
grass. 

Frtdts: Peaches, apples, plums, grapes and berries and 
melons. 

Timbers : Pine, oak, cypress, juniper, gum. 



COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 51 



Land listed in 1877 : 265,315 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 11,154,889. 

Public Schools : White, 46; colored, 35. 

Manufactures : Quite a number of large lumber mills : large 
•establishment for manufacturing wooden spools, also one for 
making tile for underdraining. 

Special co7'respondents of the Department of Agriculture : 
Thomas H. Blount, Washington; W. H. Cunningham, Aurora. 

BEETIE COUNTY 

Was formed in 1722, from Albemarle county, and takes its 
name from James and John Bertie, who surrendered their 
proprietary rights to the English Crown in 1729. 

This county belongs to the Eastern Division, and lies at the 
head of Albemarle Sound, and its whole southern boundary is 
marked by the Roanoke river. 

The county town is Windsor, situated on the Cashie river— a 
navigable stream — distance from Raleigh about 100 miles, a 
little north of east. 

Surface : Level, with light, loamy and rich alluvial soil. 

Products: Corn, cotton, peas, potatoes and native grasses, 
•and early vegetables. 

Fruits : Apples, peaches, grapes, melons and strawberries. 

Timbers: Pine, oak, cypress, juniper, ash and gum. 

Land listed in 1877 : 346,563 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $984,441. 

Public Schools: White, — ; colored, — ; and Windsor male and 
female High School. 

Manufactures: Harden Manufacturing Co. is erecting a large 
■cotton factory, to be operated with the " Clement Attachment," 
-also Grist Mills in connection. 

Special-correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : Dun- 
--can C. Winston, Windsor ; J. H. Mitchell, Aulander. 

bLADEN COUKTY 

Was formed in 1734, from New Hanover county, and was 



52 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



named in honor of Martin Bladen, one of the Lords Commis- 
sioners of Trades and Plantations. 

This county belongs to the Eastern Division, lying in the' 
southeastern portion of the State; its full length being traversed 
by the Cape Fear river. 

The county town is Elizabethtown, situated on the bank of 
the Cape Fear river, 99 miles southeast of Raleigh. 

Surface : Slightly undulating, with sandy loam and clay soils.. 

Products : Corn, cotton, rye, oats, peas, potatoes, and a great 
yariety of vegetables. 

Fruita : Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, berries, melons. 

Timbers: Pine, oak, cypress, ash, gum. 

Land listed (71 1^11 : 450,741 acres. Value of land and town? 
lots, $802,964. 

PuUic Schools: White, 33 ; colored, 36. 

Corres'ponderds of the Dej^ariment of Agriculture : J. Stewart 
Devane, BrinKland ; J, W. Purdie, White Oak. 

BRUNSWICK COUJS'TT 

W^as formed in 1764, from the counties of Bladen and New 
Hanover, and takes its name fiom the Prince of Brunswick^ 

It belongs to the Eastern Division, and is situated in tho ex" 
treme southeastern corner of the State. 

The county town, Smithville, is situated near the mouth of 
the Cape Fear river, and 173 miles from Raleigh. 

Surface : Level, with sand and clay soil. 

Products: Cotton, corn, peanuts, potatoes, peas, rice and 
early vegetables. 

Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, grapes and strawl erries. 

Timbers: Pine, juniper, cypress, cedar, live oak, ash. 

Land listed in 1877: 305,779 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $577,180. 

Public Schools: White, 36 ; colored, 17. 

Special corresponde7its of the Department of Agriculture: Joha 
N. Bennett^ Town Creek ; A. Willard, Smithville. 



COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 58 



BUXCOilBE COUJfTY 

Was formed in 1791, from Burke and Rutherford counties, 
uud was named in honor of Col. Edward Buncombe, who was 
Colonel of the 5th Regiment of troops from this State in the 
■Continental Army. 

It belongs to the Western Division, being situated immediatn- 
ly west of the Blue Ridge. 

The county town is Asheville, on the Western N. C. R. R., 
find French Broad River, and was named in honor of G-overnor 
Samuel Ashe, of New Hanover. It was first called Morris- 
'town. 

Siirface : Hilly and mountainous, with rich dark loamy, and 
'day soils. 

Products : Corn, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes, sorghum can«, 
backwheat and all cultivated grasses, with- a variety of vege- 
tables. 

Fruits : Apples, peaches, grapes, pears and berries to great 
perfection. 

Timbers : Oak, j^ine, walnut, white pine, poplar, hickory. 

Minerals : Mica and several valuable minerals known to exist, 
with two sulphur, and numerous iron springs. 

Land listed in 1877: 336,906 acres. A^alue of land and town 
lots, $1,413,654. 

Public Schools : White, 62; colored, 14; in addition there are 
Candler College, Weaverville College, and Asheville High 
School; all for male and female. Asheville Male High School. 

Manufactures : At Olencoe is an establishment for making 
shingles, laths, &c., and for the manufacture of furniture. 

Special correspondents of tlie Department of Agricidttire : S. 
C. Shelton, Asheville; S. B. G-udger, Homing Creek. 

BURKE COUNTY 

Was formed in 1777, from Rowan county, and named in 
Sionor of the great English statesman and orator, Edmund 
Burke, 



54 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



It belongs to the Western Division and lies on the eastern 
slope of the Blue Ridge. 

Its connty town is Morganton, ntimed in honor of General 
Daniel Morgan, of the Revolntion, and is on the Western N. C. 
R. R., 197 miles west of Raleigh. 

Surface : Hilly and monntainons, with dark loamy, and clay 
soils. 

Prodncts: Corn, wheat, rye, oats, bnckwheat, tobacco, pota- 
toes, sorghnm cane, and all the cultivated grasses. 

Fruits : Apples, j^eaches, pears, melons, grapes and berries.. 

Timhers : Oak, pine, walnut, Avhite pine, hickory, chestnut, 
ash. 

Minerals : Plumbago, mica, iron and gold, with sulphur and 
alum springs. 

Land listed in 1877: 213,813 acres. Value of land and town ■ 
lots, 1588,242. 

Pudlic jSchools: White, 32 ; colored, 12. In addition there 
are Rutherford College (male and female) and Table Rock 
Seminary. 

Special correspondents of tlie De.partment of Agriculture: J, 
P. Patterson, Morganton; C. F. McKesson, Morganton. 

CABARKUS COUNTY 

Was formed in 1792, from Mecklenburg county, and was- 
named in honor of Stephen Caliarrus, who served several terms 
in the Legislature from Chowan count}^ and was elected 
Speaker. 

It belongs to the Middle Division, and is situated in the south- 
western portion of the State. 

Its county town is Concord, on the North Carolina Railroad,, 
139 miles from Raleigh. 

Surface: Undulating, Avith sandy gray, and mulatto soiis. 

Products : Cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, peas, tobacco, 
sorghum cane, and all the cultiAated grasses, and a variety of 
vegetables in great perfection. 

Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, j^^^^^^''^' grapes. berriesy_ 
melons. 



COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 55 



Timbers : Oak, walnut, ask, poplar, cedar, liickory, beech, 
maple. 

Minerals : Iron, gold and silver, with one magnesia, one sul- 
phur and two iron springs. 

Land Usted'in 1877: 223,320 acres. Value of land and town 
lots,. 11,444,964. 

PuUic Schools : White, 54; colored, 31. In addition there are 
North Carolina College; Concord Male School; Rocky Riyer 
Academy; Mt. Pleasant Female Seminary; Scotia Seminary 
(colored) and Concord Female School. 

Sjjecial correspondents of the Department of Agriculture: 
Ervin Harris, Concord; Columbus Mills, Concord. 

CALDWELL COUNTY 

Was formed in 1841, from the counties of Burke and Wilkes, 
and was named in compliment to Dr. Joseph Caldwell, who was 
President of the State University. 

It belongs to the Western Division; is situated in the north- 
western portion of the State. 

Its county town is Lenoir, 200 miles northwest from Raleigh, 
and is the present terminus of a projected Narrow Gauge Rail- 
way from Chester, South Carolina. 

Surface : Hilly and mountainous, with dark and gray loamy 
soils. 

Products : Corn, wheat, oats, rye, buckAvheat, peas, rice, to- 
bacco, all the cultivated grasses and vegetables in great profu- 
sion and perfection. 

Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, apricots, plums, 
cherries and berries. 

Timbers : Oak, white pine, hickory, birch, ash, walnut and 
chestnut. 

Mitierals: Gold, silver, copper, mica, iron, manganese, as- 
bestos, with three sulphur, one magnesia and several iron 
springs. 

Land listed in 1877: 274,803 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $558,513. 



56 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



Puhlic Scliools : White, 37; colored, 12. In addition there 
are Finley High School, Leneir High School, Hoovier Academy 
and Kirkvf'ood High School. 

Sjje.cial correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : John 
M. Houck, Lenoir; J. C. Harper, Patterson; A. A. Scroggs, 
Lenoir. 

CAMDElSr COUNTY 

Was formed in 1777, from Pasquotank county, and was named 
in honor of the Earl of Camden, v/ho was a distinguished English 
statesman, and who was removed from his position for his open 
sympathy for, and manly advocacy of, the rights of the American 
Colonists. 

It belongs [to the Eastern Division, being situated in the 
northeastern portion of the State, and on the north side of the 
Albemarle Sound. 

Its county town is Camden, on the Pasquotank river, nad is 
about 222 miles northeast from Raleigh. 

Surface : Level, with sandy loamy soil. 

Products: Corn, oats, peas, potatoes, peanuts and grasses, 
and vegetables. 

Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, melons and berries. 

Timbers : Pine, oak and gum. 

Land listed in 1877 : 107,551 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $309,023. 

Public Schools : White, 15 ; colored, 9. 

Manufactures : At South Mills is an establishment for manu- 
facturing corn husks into mattresses on a large scale. 

Special corres2J07idents of the Department of Agriculture: G 
D. B. Pritchard, Shipyard ; D. D. Ferebee, South Mills. 

CARTERET COUIS'TY 

Was one of the original precincts of the Lords Prop^etors 
and was named in honor of one of them. Sir George Carteret. 
It belongs to the Eastern Division, lying in the extreme east- 



COUNTIES OF NOETH CAROLINA. 57 



ern portion of the State ; its whole eastern and southern shores 
are washed by the Atlantic ocean. 

The county town is Beaufort, 168 miles east of Raleigh, and 
is naturally a very fine harbor. 

Surface : Level, with sandy, loamy and clay soils. 

Products : Corn, cotton, potatoes, peas, peanuts and th« 
grasses and vegetables. 

Fmits : Apples, jDeaches, pears, grapes, berries and melons. 

Timbers : Pine, oak, cedar. 

Land listed in 1877 : 131,966 acres. Value of land and 
town lots, $336,796. 

Public Scliools : White, 20; colored, 6. 

S'pecial correspondent of the Department of Agriculture : W. 
P. llowland, Beaufort. 

CASWELL COUNTY 

AVas formed in 1777, from Orange county, and was named in 
honor of Richard Caswell, the first Governor under the Consti- 
tution of the State. 

It belongs to the Middle Division, and is on the northern 
border of the State, adjoining Virginia. 

Its county town is Yanceyville, 66 miles west of north of 
Raleigh, and was so named as a compliment to Bartlett Yancey, 
of that county. 

Surface : Undalating, with sandy, loamy and clay soils. 

Products : Tobacco, corn, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes, grasses 
itnd vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, plums and berries. 

Timbers: Pine, oak, hickory, walnut, poplar and chestnut. 

Minerals : Iron, alum, lithia, limestone and magnesia springs. 

La7id listed in 1877 : 258,474 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $941,410. 

Public Schools : White, 26 ; colored, 42. 

Special corresjjondetits of the Dep)artment of Agriculture : Aza- 
riah Graves, Ashland ; Dr. N. M. Roan, Yaiaceyville. 



COUNTIES OF NOETH CAROLINA. 



CATAWBA COUKTY 

A\ as formed in 1842, from Lincoln county, and takes its name 
from the beaAitifnl river which forms its northern boundary. 

It belongs to the Western Division, being situated at the base 
of the eastern slope of the Blue Ridge. 

Newton, the county seat, is 175 miles west of Raleigh, is sit- 
uated at the terminus of a branch of the Western N. C. Railroad, 
and on the projected line of the Chester and Lenoir Narrow 
Gauge Railroad, 

Surface : Undulating, with red clay and grayish sand soils. 

Products : Corn, wheat, oats, rye, tobacco, potatoes, clover 
and all the cultivated grasses, and a large variety of vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, cherries, grapes, strawberries and 
l)lums. 

Timbers : Pine, oak, hickory, ash, chestnut, walnut, cherry. 

Two sulphur, and many iron springs. 

Lmid listed in 1877 : 249,133 acres. Value of land and 
town lots, $1,178,829. 

Public Schools : White, 54 ; colored, 16. In addition there 
are the Catawba High School, Hickory High School, Concordia 
College and Newton Female Academy. 

Specicd correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : W. 
P. Eheinhardt, Hickory. 

CHATHAM COUNTY 

Was formed in 1770, and was named in honor of the great 
orator and statesman, William Pitt, Earl of Chatham. 

It belongs to the Middle Division, and occupies a central posi- 
tion in the State. 

Pittsboro, the county town, is 34 miles west of south from 
Raleigh. 

Surface : Undulating, witli sandy, clay soils. 

Products : Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, tobacco, potatoes., 
peas, grasses and all vegetables. 



COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 59 



Fruits : Apples, i^eaches, pears, plums, clierries, melons and 
berries. 

Timbers : Oak, hickory, pine, gnm and ash. 

Mmerals : Gold, iron, copper, coal, with several iron springs. 

LandUsted in 1^77 : 451,387 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $1,482,499. 

PtiUic Schools : White, 48 ; colored, 29. In additton there 
are Locust Hill Academy and several other schools of high grade. 

Manufactures : Snow Camp Foundry and Machine Shops, 
established in 1830 ; have been operating uninteruptedly since. 
The Fairmount Foundry and Machine Shops, established in 
1837, been in successful operation since. The first bevel gearing 
for mills and factories made in this State was cast at this 
Foundry. 

* Special correspo7tdents of the Department of Agriculture: H.. 
A. London, Sr., Pittsboro ; R. James Powell, Pittsboro. 

CHEROKEE COUJSTTY 

• 

Was formed in 1839 from Macon county. It takes its name 
fi-om the tribe of Indians once occupying its territory. 

It belongs to the Western Division, situated in the extreme 
southwestern corner of the State. 

Murphy, the county town, is 367 miles west of Raleigh. 

Surface .- Hilly and mountainous, with clay and loam soils. 

Products: Corn, wheat, oats, rye, buckwheat, potatoes, the 
grasses and a large variety of vegetables. 

Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, melons, berries and the small 
fruits. 

Timbers: Oak, hickory, pine, poplar, walnut, chestnut, 
cherry. 

Minerals .- Gold, silver, iron, lead, manganese, corundum, 
mica, marbles. 

Land listed in 1877 : 240,588 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $395,927. 

Public Schools : White, — ; colored, — . 



60 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



Special correspondent of the Department of Agriculture : 
William Beal, Murphy. 

CHOWAN" COUNTY 

Was one of the original precincts of the Lords Proprietors, 
and takes its name from a tribe of Indians once occupying this 
territory. 

It belongs to the Eastern Division, lying on the north side of 
the Albemarle Sound; its western boundary being marked by 
the Chowan river. 

Edenton, the county town, on the Albemarle Sound, was 
named in honor of the Royal Governor, Charles Eden. It was 
settled in 1716, and originally called Queen Anne's Creek. Dis- 
tance from Raleigh about 150 miles. 

Surface : Level, with sandy and rich alluvial soils. 

Products : Cotton, corn, peas, peanuts and a variety of early 
vegetables. 

Fruits : Pears, grapes, peaches, apples, melons, and the small 
fruits. 

Timhers : Oak, pine, hickory, juniper, cypress, ash. 

Land listed in 1877: 96,297 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $674,095. 

Public Schools: White, 13; colored, 11. 

Special correspondent of the Department of Agriculture: W. 
J. Webb, Edenton. 

CLAY COUNTY 

Was formed in 1861, from Cherokee county, and was named 
in honor of Henry Clay, of Kentucky. 

It belongs to the Western Division, lying on the Georgia line. 

Hayesville, the county town, is about 350 miles west from 
Rileigh, and is called in honor of Geo. W. Hayes, who, for a 
long period, represented Cherokee in the General Asse.nbly. 

Surface : Hilly and mountainous, with rich, loamy soi. 



COUNTIES OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 61 



Products : Corn, wheat, oats, rye, buckwheat, potatoes and 
Tegetables. 

Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, cherries and the smaller- 
fruits. 

Timibers : Oak, chestnut, walnut, locust, hickory, poplar. 

Minerals : Gold, copper, iron, mica, corundum. 

Land listed in 1877: 98,229 acres. Value ol laud ard towu 
lots, $96,263. 

Public Schools: White, 14; colored, 1. In addition, Hayes- 
Tille Academy and several private schools are in a iiourishiug 
condition. 

Special correspondent of the Department of Agriculture : W. 
H. McClure, Hayesville. 

GLEAVELAND COUNTY 

Was formed in 1841, from Lincoln and Rutherford counties, 
and was named in honor of Col. Benjamin Cleaveland, of 
Wilkes, one of the officers commanding forces at the battle of 
King's Mountain. 

It belongs to the Middle Division, lying in the southwestern 
portion of the State, adjoining Spartanburg county, South 
Carolina. 

Shelby, the county town, is about 210"'miles from Ealeigh, 
.and situated on the Carolina Central Kailway. 

Surface: Hilly and undnlating, with gray and red clay, and 
loam soils. 

Products : Corn, wheat, oats, cotton, potatoes, rye, sorghum 
cane, tobacco, vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, pe^iches, pears, grapes, cherries, melons and 
the small fruits. 

Ti7nhers : Oak, pine, hickory, chestnut, poplar. 

Minerals: Iron and gold, with eleven sulphur and iron 
springs:. 

Land listed in 1877: 361,484 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, I930.9S7. 

Public Scliools : White, 60; colored 14. 



63 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



Manufactures: The Carolina Manufacturing Co., located at 
Shelby, makes sewing machines, steam engines, saw mills, mo- 
lasses mills, and all kinds of gearing. Babington Foundry, 
located at Shelby, manufactures horse-powers for threshers, 
mill spindles, and castings of all kinds. 

SpeGial correspondmis, of the Department of Agriculture : J. 
W. G-arrett. King's Mountain ; Thomas Kendrick, Buffalo Pa- 
per Mills. 

COLUMBUS COUNTY 

Was formed in 1808, from Bladen and Brunswick counties, 
and derives its name from Christopher Columbus, who discov- 
ered America in 1492, 

It belongs to the Eastern Division, lying in the extreme south- 
eastern 25ortion of the State, adjoining South Carolina. 

Whiteville, the county town, 125 miles from Raleigh, is situ- 
ated on the Wilmington, Columbia and Augusta Railroad. 

Surface: Level, with sandy, loamy soils. 

Products : Corn, cotton, peas, potatoes, peanuts, rice and a 
variety of vegetables. 

Fruits : Apples, peaches, grapes, plums, cherries, figs, and 
the small fruits. 

Timbers: Pine, oak, cypress, juniper. 

Land listed in 1877: 548,682 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 1992,195. 

PiiUic Schools : White, 67; colored, 33. In addition to these, 
are Whiteville Academy and several private schools. 

Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : D. 
S. Cowan, Robeson; M. M. Baldwin, Whiteville. 

CRAVEJSr COUNTY 

■ Was one of the original precincts of the Lords Proprietors, 
and derived its name from William, Earl of Craven. 

It belongs to the Eastern Division of the State, its eastern 
boundary lying on the Pamlico Sound. 



COUNTIES OF NORTH CAEOLINA. 63 



New Berne, the county seat, is one of the oldest towns in the 
State, and is situated at the confluence of the Neuse and Trent 
rivers. Distance from Kaleigh about 115 miles. 

Surface : Level, with sandy, loamy soils. 

Products: Corn, cotton, peas, peanuts, potatoes, wheat, to- 
bacco, and a large variety of early vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, grapes, melons, berries and the 
small fruits. 

Timbers : Oak, pine, poplar, cypress, gum. 

Land Listed in 1877; 315,251 acres. Value of land and 
town lots, 11,483,202. 

Public ScJiools: White, 15; colored, 22. In addition to the^se, 
thereare the New Berne Academy and several private schools. 

Manufactures : AVooden Plate Factory is turning out about 
14,000 per day. 

Special correspondent of the Department of xif/riculture : 
Enoch Wadsworth, New Berne. 

CUMBERLAN-D COUNTY 

Was formed in 1754, from Bladen, and was named in honor 
of the Duke of Cumberland. It belongs to the Eastern Di 'vis- 
ion, being situated in the southeastern portion of the State, and 
the Cape Fear river running through its territory from North 
to South. Faytitteville, the county seat, is on the bank of the 
€ape Fear, 60 miles from Raleigh. It was fir.st called Camp- 
belltown, then Cross Creek, then Fayetteville, in honor of Gen- 
eral LaFayette. 

Surfw': Slightly undulating, with sandy and rich iilluvi il 
soils. 

Products : Cotton, corn, peas, peanuts, wheat, oats, rye, po- 
tatoes, and the grasses. 

Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, melons, berries and 
the small fruits. 

Timbers : Oak, pine, poplar, cypress, gum. 

La7id listed in 1877; 498,143 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $1,427,618. 



64 COUNTIES OF NOKTH CAROLINA. 



Public Scliools : White, 39 ; colored, 20. In addition there 
area number of private schools, and the Fayetteville White 
Graded School, with 400 pupils, and the Howard Colored Gra- 
ded School, with 150 pupils. 

Manufactures : Large buggy and carriage manufactory in 
Fayetteville ; wagon and cart manufactory and furniture man- 
ufacturing establishment ; also foundry and machine shop. 

SpecuiJ cor7'exj)0)idenfs of the Departmerd of Agricultnre r 
William Alderman, Fayetteville ; J. A. Worth, Fayetteville. 

CURRITUCK COUNTY 

Was one of the original precincts of the Lords Proprietors, 
and derires its name from a tribe of Indians that once occupied 
that territory. It belongs to the Eastern Division, being in the 
extreme northeastern corner of the State, and bounded on the 
north by the Virginia line, and on the east by the Atlantic 
Ocean. The county seat, Currituck Court-house, is on the Cur- 
rituck Sound, and 242 miles from Ealeigb. 

Surface: Level, with sandy, loamy soils. 

Products : Corn, oats, peas, peanuts, wheat, potatoes, melons 
and vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, cranberries, blackberries and 
other small fruits. 

Timlers : Pine, cypress, gum, poplar, oak, junijier, cedar. 

Land listed in 1877.- 113,290 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $284,904. 

Pullic Scliools : White, 24 ; colored, 24. 

Special correspondent of the Department of Agriculture r 
Wm. B. Shaw, Indian Town. 

DARE COUNTY 

Was formed in 1870, from the counties of Tyrrell, Hyde and 
Currituck, and named in honor of Virginia Dare, the first white- 
ehild born on the American continent, that event having occur- 



COUKTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 65 



red on Roanoke Island, now embraced within its limits. It 
belongs to the Eastern Division, its eastern boundary being the 
Atlantic Ocean. Manteo, the county town, is about 250 miles 
from Raleigh, and derives its name from the Indian Chief, who 
was first of his race to embrace the christian religion and receive 
its ordinance, on the 13tli of August, 1584. 

Surface : Level, with sandy soils. 

Products: Corn, peas, potatoes, native grasses and vegeta- 
bles. 

Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, melons and berries. 

Tmibers: Pine, oak, hickory, cypress, juniper. 

Land listed in 1877 : 139,950 acres. Value of land and toAvn 
lots, 1117,310. 

Puhlic Schools : White, 14 ; colored, 1. 

Special correspondents of the Department of Agricidture : 
Isaac C. Meekin, Manteo. 

DATIDSOISr COUI^TY 

Was fornied in 1822 from Rowan county, and named in honor 
of Oen. Wm. Davidson of Revolutionary memory. 

It belongs to the Middle Division, being centrally located, and 
is bounded on the south by the Yadkin river. 

Lexington, the county town, is 117 miles from Raleigh, on 
the North Carolina Railroad. 

Surface : Hilly, undulating, with sandy and red clay soils. 

Products : Wheat, corn, oats, tobacco, potatoes, all the cul- 
tivated grasses and a variety of vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, melons, grapes, berries and 
other small fruits. 

Timbers : Oak, hickory, pine and poplar. 

Minerals : Copper, Gold and Silver. 

Land Listed in 1877 : 361,449 acres. Value of land and town 
lots 11,473,358. 

PuUic Schools : White, 82 ; colored, 21. In addition there 
are Yadkin College and Thomasville College, with a number of 
private schools. 
5 



fi6 C0U:N'TIES of NOKTH CAROLINA. 



Special corresjjondents of tlie Department of Agncidture : J. 
A. Leacli, Thoniasville. 

DAVIE COUNTY 

Was formed in 1836, and was named in honor of Gen. W. R. 
Davie. 

It belongs to the Middle Division, is situated in the north- 
western portion of the State, its eastern boundary being the 
Yadkin river. 

Mocksville, its eounty seat, is 120 miles west of Raleigh. 

Surface : Hilly, undulating, with red clay and rich loamy 
soils. 

Products : Corn, wheat, oats, tobacco, rye, potatoes and a 
variety of vegetables. 

Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, quince, cherries, 
plnma, melons, berries and other small fruits. 

Timlers : Oak, hickory, ash, gum, pine, poplar. 

Minerals : Iron, copper and silver. 

Land Listed in 1877 : 158,981 acres. Value of land and town 
lots 1774,350. 

Public Schools : White, 33 , colored 11. In addition the 
Mocksville Male Academy, Mocksville Female Academy, Farm- 
ington Male Academy, Smith Orove Male Academy. 

Special correspondence of the Department of Agriculture : W. 
A. Clement, Mocksville. 

DUPLIN COUXT\ 

Was formed in 1749 from New Hanover county. 

It belongs to the Eastern Division, lying in the southeastern 
portion of the State. 

Kenansville, the county town, is 79 miles from Raleigh, and 
is called in honor of James Kenan, a General in the Revolution, 
'and^for many years in the Legislature of our State. 
^ Surface -.^Level with sandy and rich loamy and alluvial soils. 



COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 67 



Products : Corn, cotton, peas, peanuts, potatoes and a great 
variety of vegetables. 

Fruits : Apples, peaches, grapes, melons, berries and the 
.small fruits. 

Timbers: Pine, oak, poplar, hickory, ash. 

Land listed in 1877: 453,972 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $724,333. 

Public Schools: White, 44; colored 33. 

8'pecial correspondents of tlie Department of Agriculture : W. 
M. Kennedy, Magnolia; J. E. Gadsby, Mt. Olive. 

EDGECOMBE COUNTY 

Was formed in 1733, from Craven. Its name signifies "a 
valley environed with hills." 

It belongs to the Eastern Division, being situated in the 
Northeastern portion of the State. 

Tarboro, the county seat, is 76 miles from Raleigh, on the 
Tar river, (originally Tau, which, in the Indian tongue, means 
^ 'River of Health.") 

Surface : Slightly undulating, with gray loamy and alluvial 
soils. 

Products : Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, peas, potatoes and ^ 
great variety of vegetables. 

Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, melons, berries and 
otlior small fruits. 

Timbers: Pine, oak, hickory, ash, poplar, cypress, gum. 

Land listed in 1877: 311,827 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $3,113,374. 

Public Schools : White, 28; colored, 44. 

Manufactures : Large foundry at Tarboro, also one at Battle- 
boro. A large establishment at Whitaker's for the manufacture 
of all kinds of building material, and also one for hollow wooden, 
ware. 

Special correspondents of the L>epartm,ent of Agriculture: 
Elias Carr, Sparta; W. T. Cobb, Tarboro. 



^S COUNTIES OF NOKTH CAROLINA. 



FOESYTHE COUNTY 

Was formed in 1848, from Stokes county, and was named in 
lienor of Col. Benjamin Forsythe, who represented Stokes in 
the General Assembly, and who, as Captain, was killed in th«- 
war of 1812, in Canada. 

It belongs to the Middle Division, being in the Northwestern 
portion of the State. Its western boundary is the Yadkin river. 

Winston, the county seat, is IK) miles from Raleigh, and 
bears the name of Joseph Winston, who rendered important 
service in tlie revolution. 

Surface. : Undulating and hilly, with gray and red clay soils. 

Products : Corn, wheat, oats, rye, tobacco, potatoes and the- 
grasses, and a variety of vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, j)eaches, jears, grapes, melons, berries, and 
ihQ other small fruits. 

Timbers: Oak, bickory, v/alnut, pine, cedar, locust. 

Minerals .- Iron, manganese, with iron springs. 

Land listed in 1877 : 316,209 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 11,377,720. 

PuUic Scliools : AVhite, 55; colored, 15. In.addition to these- 
are Winston Male Academy, Salem Male Academy, and Salem 
Female College. 

Special corres^Jondents of tJie Department of Agriculture: Geo. 
W. Hinabaw, Winston ; R. S. Linville, Belcw's Creek Mills. 

FRANKLIN COUNTY 

Was formed in 1779, from a portion of Bute (now abolished),., 
and is named in honor of Benjamin Franklin. 

It belongs to the Middle Division, and adjoins the county of 
Wake, where is located tlie seat of government. 

Louisburg, the county seat, is 39 miles Northeast of Raleigli^ 

Surface : Level, undulating with sandy, loamy soils, and red' 
olay. 

Products: Corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, oats, rye, and th*- 
grasses. 



J 



COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



Fnn'fs : Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, plums, melons, cher- 
ries, with other small fruits. 

Timhers : Pine, oak, hickory, walnut, gum, maple. 

Minerals : Iron, gold, with sulphur and iron springs. 

Land lifted in 1877: 320,201 acres. Value of laud and town 
lofs, $1,720,0.36. 

Public Schools: White, 48; colored, -4-9. In addition to these 
.-are Louisburg Male Academy and Louisburg Female College. 

Special correspondent of the Department of Agriculture : 
A. S. Perry, Louisburg; 0. L. Ellis, Louisburg. 

GASTOJSr COUNTY 

Was formed in 184G, from Lincoln county, and was named 
ini honor af William Gaston, an eminent Judge of our Supreme 
C*uurt. 

It belongs to the Middle Division, is situated on the South- 
western border of the State adjoining South Carolina, and its 
Eastern boundary is the Catawba river. 

Dallas, the county seat, is about 175 miles from Raleigh, and 
is called in honor of Oeo. M. Dallas, vice-President during 
President Polk's administration. 

Surface : Hilly, with sandy, grey and red clay soils. 

Products : Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, peas, potatoes, 
the grasses, and a variety of vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, melons, berries, 
and other small fruits. 

Timiers : Oak, pine, hickory. 

Minerals: Gold, iron, barytes, manganese. 
. Land listed in h 77 : 21%, oH acres. Value of land and town 
lots, ^1,007,699. 

Public Schools : White, 45 ; colored, 2;^'. In addition there 
is Dallas Academy and other private schools. 

Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : G. 
F. Bason. Dallas; Janr-^ H. White, Dallas; W. 0. Harralson, 
C'herryville. 



10 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



GATES COUNTY 

Was formed in 1779, from Hertford, Chowan, and Perqnini- 
ans connties, and bears the name of General Horatio Gates, a 
distingnished officer of the revohition. 

It belongs to the Eastern Division, lying in the northeast 
corner of the State, adjoining Virginia, its western bonndary is 
ChoAvan river. 

Gatesville, the connty seat, is 167 miles from Raleigh, 

Surface: Level, with sandy, loamy and clay soils. 

Products: Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes, peas, and 
a variety of vegetables especially the early varieties. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, melons, plums, cher- 
ries, and other small fruits. 

Timbers: Oak, pine, cypress. Juniper. 

Land listed in 1877: 177,415 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 1439.971. 

PuUic schools: White, — ; colored, — . 

Special correspondent of the Department Agriculture: Bruce 
Smith, Gatesville. 

GRAHAM COUISTTY 

Was formed in 1872, from a portion of Cherokee county, and 
bears the name of William A. Graham, who was Governor of 
the State in 1845. Secretary of the Navy under President Fill- 
more, and filled many other high positions. He was distinguish- 
ed for his ability, integrity, and spotless character. 

It belongs to the Western Division, its northern boundary 
being the Tennessee river and the Tennessee line. 

Robinsville, the county seat, is about 350 miles from Raleigh » 

Surface : Mountainous, with sandy and dark loamy loils. 

Products : Corn, wheat, oats rye, buckwheat and the grasses. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, berries and other small 
fruits. 

Timbers : Locust, chestnut, oak, cherry, walnut, pine^^ 
Linden. 



COUNTIES OF NORTH CAEOLINA. 71 



Minerals: Gold, copi^er, silver, lead, with minerals springs. 

Land listed in 1877: 169,020 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 1113,334. 

PuUic Schools: White, 15; colored, 1. 

Special corresijondents of the Department of Agricvltvre : G, 
B. Walker, Eobinsville. 

GEANVILLE COUNTY 

Was formed in 1746 from Edgecombe, and was named in 
honor of an English nobleman, who was created Earl of Gran- 
ville, and held the land under a grant from Charles II. 

It belongs to the Middle Division, situated in the northoastern 
portion of the State, and adjoins Virginia. 

Oxford, the county seat, is 36 miles from Raleigh. 

Surface : Undulating, with sandy and clay soils, varied. 

Products : Tobacco, wheat, corn, oats, rye, grasses and a 
variety of vegetables. 

Fruits : Apples, Peaches, pears, grapes, melons, berries and a 
variety of other small fruits. 

Timbers: Pine, oak, hickory, ash, poplar. 

Minerals : Iron gold, silver, with several mineral springs. 

La7id listed in 1877: 427,795 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $1,987,663. 

PuUic Schools : White, 30; colored, 46. It addition there are 
the Oxford Male Academy; the Horner Schools, at Oxford and 
Henderson; Oxford Female Academy with several private schools 
of high character. 

Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : S. 
H. Cannady, Wilton; E. H. Hicks, Oxford. 

GKEENE COUNTY 

Was originally a portion of Dobbs county which was divided 
in 1791 into Lenoir and Glasgow counties. 1799 the name of 
Greene, was substituted for that of Glasgow, in honor of Gen. 
Nathaniel Greene, one of the best and bravest of the American 
officers in the' Revolution. 



72 COUNTIES OF NOETH CAROLINA. 



It belongs to the Eastern Division, occupying a central posi- 
tion in that Division. 

Snow Hill, the county seat, is 89 miles east of Raleigh. 

Surface : Level, with sandy and loamy soils. 

Products : Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, peas, potatoes, 
grasses, and a variety of vegetables. 

Fruits : Apples peaches, pears, grapes, melons, plums and 
other small fruits. 

Timbers: Pine, oak, hickory, ash, poplar. 

Land listed in 1877: 157,147 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 1911,803. 

PuUic Schoals: White, 17; colored, 20. In addition there 
are the Lov@joy Academy, and the Hargrove Female Academy, 
and other private schools. 

Sjjecial correspondents of the Department of Agriculture ; W. 
P. Ormond, Hookerton; W. A. Darden, Speight's Bridge. 

GUILPORD COUNTY 

Was formed 1770 from Rowan and Orange counties, and was 
named in honor of Lord North, who was created Earl of Guil- 
ford. 

^^It belongs to the Middle Division of the State. 
I Its county seat, the city of Greensboro, is 82 miles northwest of 
Raleigh and is situated at the junction of the North Carolina and 
Richmond and Danville and Western Railroads, and was named 
in honor of Gen. Nathanial Greene. 

Surface : Hilly, undulating with sandy and red clay soils, 
varied. 

Products: Corn, wheat, tobacco, oats, rye, clover, and the 
grasses, and a variety of vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, pears, peaches, grapes, quinces, melons, plums, 
cherries, and all fruits grown in this climate. 

Timhers:lVmQ, oak, hickory, poplar. 

Mi:icrals:^von, copper, gold, Kaoline. with a number of sul- 
phui and iron springs. 

Laud listed in 18T7: 4-.7^,oiu acres. \'alue of land and town 

lots. $27491,352. 

Public ScJiOols: White, 81; colored, 26. 



COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 73 



Manufactures: At Greesboro, two foundries at wliicli are 
made stoves, plows, mill gearing &c., also one near New G-arden; 
two establishments in Greensboro for the manufacture of spokes, 
handles, in large quantifies, one for rims for wagons and buggies ; 
a large sash and blind factory; pottery, and at High Point a 
spoke and handle factory; a spoke factory at Jamestown, also a 
bone and plaster mill, and one at Oak Ridge. These goods are 
shipped to all parts of the country. Rifle guns are made ex- 
tensively in Jamestown, and are ship|)ed south and west. 

Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture: J. 
^A'. Albright, Greensboro. 

HALIFAX COUJSTTY 

Was formed in 1758 from Edgecombe county, and was named 
in honor of the Earl of Halifax, who was the first Lord of the 
Board of Trades. 

It belongs to the Eastern Division, and its eastern and north- 
ern boundary is the Roanoke river. 

Halifax, the county seat, is located on the west bank of the 
Roanoke and also the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad. Dis- 
tance from Raleigh 87 miles. 

Surface: Level and undulating and with sandy and loamy 
«oils, varied. 

Products: Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes, peas, 
peanut?, olover and other grasses, and a variety of vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, cherries, plums, melons, 
■and a great variety of small fruits. 

Timljer^: Pine, oak, hickory, poplar, maple, cypress, juniper. 

Minerals: Iron, gold, copper; with several iron and suli:>hur 
springs. 

Land listed in 1877: 119,122 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $2,004,878. 

PuUic Schools: White, — ; colored, — . 

Special correspondents of the Department of Agricultnre: ¥. 
M. Garrett, Enfield; J. B. 'Ng-iI, Scotland Neck; T. Yi. Harris, 
Littleton; J. H. Whitaker, Enfield. 



74 COUNTIES OF NOETH CAROLINA. 



HAENETT COUISTTY. 

Was formed in 1855 out of a portion of Cumberland county, 
tind was named in lionor of Cornelius Harnett, a distinguished 
leader in the Eevolution. 

It belongs to the Middle Division, and lies south of Wake 
county. It is full length is traversed by the Cape Fear river. 

Lillington, the county seat, is about 28 miles from Raleigh, 
on the Cape Fear river. 

Surface : Level, and undulating with sandy soils. 

Products: Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, peas, potatoes and 
a variety of vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, melons and other 
small fruits. 

Timhers: Pine, oak, hickory. Ash, poplar. 

Minerals: Iron, with several iron and sulphur springs. 

Land listed in 1877: 340,877 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 1508,647. 

PuUic Schools: White, 38; colored, 23. In addition tha 
Lillington Academy, and other private schools. 

Special correspondent of the Dejjartment of Agriculture: 
Daniel McN. McKay, Averasboro. 

HAYWOOD COUNTY 

Was formed in 1808, from Buncombe county, and named in 
honor of John Haywood, who was for forty years (from 1787 to 
1827) Treasurer of the State. 

It belongs to the Western Division, its northern boundary 
being the Tennessee line. 

Waynesville, the county seat, is 294 miles west of Raleigh, and 
on the projected line of the Western North Carolina Railroad. 

Surface: Hilly, mountainous with rich loam and clay soils. 

Products: Corn, wheat, oats, rye, buckwheat, potatoes, and 
the grasses, and a variety of vegetables. 

Fruit: Apples, peaches, pears, grapes. 



COUNTIES OF NORTH CAEOLINxi. ?5 



Timbers: Oak, chestnut, ash, liickory, walnut, locust, cherry, 
poplar. 

Mi/ierals: Mica, gold, iron, with several springs. 

Land listed in 1^11 : 204,102 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $449,222. 

Puhlic schools: White, 44; colored, 3. In addition Waynes- 
ville Academy,- Eichland Institute, Pleasant High Academy, 
Crab Tree High School, and Tine's Creek High School; all for 
males and females. 

Sjyecialcorresjjondents of the Department of Afrculture: E. P. 
Hyatt, Waynesville; A. J. Herren, Waynesville. 

HEisTDEuSON COUNTY 

Was formed in 1838, from Buncombe, and was named in 
honor of Leonard Henderson, Chief Justice of the Supreme 
Court in 1818. 

It belongs to the Western Division, situated in the south wes- 
tern portions of the State, adjoining South Carolina. 

Hendersonville, the county seat, is 250 miles west of Raleigh, 
and situated on the Spartanburg and Asheville Railroad. 

Surface: Hilly, mountainous, with sand, clay, loamy soils. 

Prodticts: Corn, wheat, oats, rye. potatoes, and the 
grasses. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, plums, cherries and small fruits. 

Timbers: Oak, pine, chestnut, walnut, poplar, ash, linden 
hickory. 

Land listed in 1877: 197,209 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $407,678. 

Public schools: White, 45; colored, 11. In addition, Judson 
Female College and Hendersonville High School. 

SjJecial correspondents of the Deijartment of Agriculture: H. 
T. Farmer, Flat Rock, W. CI. B. Morris, Blue Ridge. 

HERTPORD C0U2^TY 

Was formed in 1759, from Chowan, Bertie and Northampton 



76 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAEOLINA. 



counties, and was named in honor of the Marquis of, Hertford 
English Nobleman. 

It belongs to the Eastern Division, being situated in the north- 
east portion of the State, and adjoining Virginia. Its eastern 
boundary is the Chowan river. 

Winton, the county seat, is 155 miles from Raleigh, and is 
located on the west bank of the Chowan river. 

Surface : Level, with sandy, loamy and clay soils. 

Prochtds : Corn, cotton, wheat, peas, potatoes, and a great 
variety of vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, melons, and the 
small fruits. 

Timber!^: Pine, cypress, oak, ash. 

Land listed m 1877: 207,118 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 1730,897. 

Public schools: White, 26; colored, 35. In addition, a num- 
ber of private schools. 

J/ff/iM/Y/cz^wrei'; Blinds, doors and sash, tobacco and lime are 
manufactured in Winton. 

Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture: J. E. 
Newsom, Winton; J. W. Mitchell, Pitch Landing. 

HYDE GOLTNTY 

Was one of the original precincts, and was named in honor of 
of Edward Hyde, who was Grovernor of the Colony in 1711. 

It belongs to the Eastern Division, being situated in tlie ex- 
trern* eastern portion of the State. 

SAvan Quarter, the county sea +, is 203 miles from Eeieigh, and 
is located on Swan Quarter Bay. 

Surface: Level, with rich loamy and alluvial soil. 

Froduols: Corn cotton, wheat, oats, i^eas, potatoes. 

; Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, plums and other small 

IlaiL.s. 

Timbers: Pine, cypress, gum, maple, holly, juniper, cedar, 
oak. 



COUNTIES OF NOETH CAROLINA. 77 



Land listed in 1877: 120,815 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 1370,745. 

Public schools : White, 19; colored, 15. In addition, Male and 
Female Academy at Fairfield. 

Special correspoudent of the Department of Agriculture: Will 
S. Carter, Fairfield. 

IREDELL COUN"TY 

Was formed in 1787, frooi Rowan county, and was named in 
honor of James Iredell, Sr., Associate Justice of the Supreme 
Court of the United States. It belongs to the Middle Division,, 
and its western boundary is the Catawba river. Statesville, the 
county seat, is 145 miles west of Raleigh, located at the junc- 
tion of the Western North Carolina, and the Atlantic, Tennes- 
see & Ohio Railroads. 

Surface — Undulating, with grey, sandy and clay soils. 

Products — Corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes, 
the grasses and a variety of vegetables. 

j^r^n'^.s'— Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, melons, plums, cher- 
ries and the small fruits. 

Timbers — Oak, hickory, pine, poplar. 

Minerals:lxoi\, corundum, granite; (very fine) probably lime- 
stone. 

Lands listed in 1877 '■ 356,445 acres. Value of land and towa 
lots, 11,394,036. 

Public Schools : White, 89 ; colored, 38. In addition, Si- 
mouton Female College, Mooresville Male and Female Acade- 
my, Statesville Male Academy, Cool Springs Academy, Olin 
Male Academy, with a number of other private schools. 

Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : J.. 
D. Click, Oak Forest ; J. A. Harris, Mooresville. 

JACKSON' COUNTY 

Was created in 1850, but not organized until 1852. It was 
formed from parts of Macon and Haywood counties, and was 
uamed in honor of Andrew Jackson. 



78 COUNTIES OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 



It belongs to the Western Division, and is- bounded on the 
south by the South Carolina line. 

Webster, the county seat, is about 300 nailes from Ealeigh, 
and called after Daniel Webster, of Massachusetts. 

Surface: Mountainous, with clay and rich loamy soils. 

Products: Corn, rye, wheat, oats, potatoes, hay, buckwheat 
and vegetables. 

Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, cherries, berries. 

Timbers : Oak, chestnut, poplar, hickory, walnut. 

Minerals : Gold, silver, graphite, asbestose, mica, copper. 

Lands listed in 1877 : 304,703 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 1264,217. 

FuMic Schools: White, 30 ; colored, 2. 

Special corresponderits of. the Department of Agriculture: D. 
D. Davies, Cuilovvhee ; J. M. Zachary, Hamburg. 

JOHNSTOJS' COUNTY 

Was formed in 1746, from Craven county, and was named in 
honor of Gabriel Johnston, who was Eoyal Governor at this 
time. 

It belongs to the Eastern Division of the State, centrally sit- 
uated, and is traversed its entire length by Neuse river. 

Smithfield, the county seat, is on the Neuse river, 27 miles 
from Ealeigh. 

Surface : Level, with sandy and rich loamy soils. 

Products : Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, j^eas, peanuts, and 
a variety of vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, grapes, pears, melons and the small 
fruits. 

Timl)ers: Pine, oak, hickory, ash, maple, gum. 

Minerals: 

Land listed in 1877 : 477,093 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 11,305,288. 

Fudllc Schools: White, 56 ; colored, 27. In addition to these 
there are Smithfield Male and Female High School, Clayton 



COUNTIES OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 79 



Male and Female High School, Selma Male and Female High 
School, Archer Lodge Male and Female High School, and 
Leachburg High School. 

Sijeclal correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : A. 
J. Heath, Smithfield ; B. A. Woodall, Smithfield. 

JONES COU]S"TY 

Was formed in 1779, from Craven, and named in honor of 
Willie Jones, who was a useful citizen and faithful representa- 
tive. 

It belongs to the Eastern Division, is traversed by Trent river, 
and bounded on the East by Craven and Carteret counties. 

Trenton, the county seat, is situated on the Trent river, and 
is 129 miles from Kaleigh. 

Surface: Level, with sandy, loamy soils. 

Products: Corn, cotton, peas, wheat, oats, rye, rice, pota- 
toes and a variety of vegetables. 

Fruits: Aj^ples, peaches, pears, plums, grapes, strawberrie^ 
and the small fruits. 

Timbers: Pine, oak, ash, birch, cypress, juniper, hickory, 
poplar. 

Landllsted in 1877; 207,806 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 1139,446. 

Public Schools: White, 31 ; colored, 51. 

Specicd correspondeoits of the Department of Agriculture: 
James B. Stanly, Trenton ; Isaac Brown, Tuckahoe. 

LENOIR COUNTY 

Was formed in 1791, from a portion of Dobbs county, and 
was named in honor of Gen. William Lenoir, of Wilkes county. 

It belongs to the Eastern Division, is traversed by the JSTeuse 
river, and bounded on the East by Jones and Craven counties. 

Kinston, the county seat is located on the Neuse river and the 
Atlantic and North Carolina Railroad, and is 80 miles from 
Ealeisfh. 



HO COUNTIES OF NOETH CAROLmA. 



Surface: Slightly undulating, with sandy, rich, loamy and 
alluvial soils. 

Prochtds : Corn, rice, cotton, wheat, rye, oats, peas, potatoes, 
and a variety of vegetables. 

Fruits : Apples, peaches, cherries, grapes, plums, strawber- 
ries, and the other small fruits. 

Timbers : Pine, oak, hickory, gum, cypress, ash, maple. 

Land listed in 1877: 234,231 acres. Value of land and 
town lots, 11,003,953. 

PuUic Schools: White, 30; colored, 24. 

Manufactures : Besides the Tobacco Factories, there are es- 
tablishments for making plows, buggies and carriages. 

S]jecial corresjjondents of the Dejjartme^it of Agriculture : John 
C. Wooten, Kinston; N. B. Whitfield, LaGrange. 

LINCOLK COUNTY 

Was originally a portion of Tryon county, so called after 
William Tryon. the Royal Governor, but his tyrannical course 
caused his name to be ignored in 1779, when that county wa« 
divided into Lincoln and Rutherford counties. 

It belongs to the Western Division, and was named in honor 
of Benjamin Lincoln, who, at that time, was fighting the 
British forces at Charleston. Its northern boundary is th» 
Catawba river. 

Lincolnton, its county seat, is located oa the Western Division 
of the Carolina Central Railway, 172 miles from Raleigh. 

Surface : Undulating, with granitic and red clay soils. 

Products : Corn, wheat, oats, cotton, tobacco, peas, rye, and 
a variety of vegetables. 

Fruits : Apples, grapes, peaches, pears, and a variety of other- 
fruits. 

Timbers: Oak, pine, hickory, chestnut, poplar, ash, walnut, 
maple. 

3Ii)ierals: Gold, iron, copper, mica, oil-stone, asbestos, witlt, 
lime and sulphur springs. 



COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 81 



La7id listed in 1877 : 191,791 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 1885,952. 

Public Schools : White, — ; colored, — . In addition, are 
the Rock Spring Seminary; Denver Seminary; Ironton High. 
School; Lincolnton Academy, Lincolnton High School. 

Manufactures : Besides iron forges, there is an establishment 
for making an excellent chair. 

Special cor7'eispondent of the Department of Agriculture : W. 
A. Graham, Iron Station; I. R. Self, Lincolnton. 

ilJLCON" COUNTY 

Was formed in 1828, from Haywood county, and was named 
in honor of Nathaniel Macon, of Warren, who was a distin- 
guished member of Congress in both branches. 

It belongs to the Western Division, its southern boundary is 
the South Carolina line. 

Franklin, its county seat, is 331 miles from Raleigh, and is 
located on Little Tennessee river. 

Surface: Mountainous with clay and loamy soils. 

Prod^icts: Corn, wheat, rye, oats, potatoes, buckwheat, grasses 
.and vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, plums, cherries. 

Timbers: Oak, Hickory, poplar cherry, buckeye, locust. 

Minerals: Iron, Mica, corundum, copper, with a number of 
iron springs. 

Land listed in 1877: 303,772 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 1334,659. 

Public schools: White, 33; colored, 5. And Smith's Bridge 
High school. 

Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture: C. 
D. Smith, Franklin; Albert Siler, Franklin. 

MADISON COUNTY 

Was formed in 1850, from Yancey and Buncombe counties, 
6 



82 COUNTIES OF NOETH OAEOLINA. 



a^icl named in honor of James Madison, who was the fourtb. 
President of the United States. 

It belongs to the Western Division, and located in the north- 
western portion of the State, bounded on the north by the Ten- 
nessee line. 

Marshall, the county seat, is about 250 miles from Ealeigh.. 

Surface: Hilly, mountainous, with clay and rich loamy 
soils. 

Products: Corn, wheat, tobacco, buckwheat, grasses and veg- 
etables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, grapes, pears, berries and other small 
fruits. 

Timbers: Oak, pine, ash, poplar, hickory, birch, walnut 
chestnut. 

Minerals: Iron, Mica, with several warm springs of valuable- 
medicinal properties. 

Land listed in 1877, 221,707 acres. Value of land and towm 
lots, $343,058. 

PuUic scliools: White, 43; colored, 2. 

Special correspondent of the Department of Agriculture: J, J^ 
Gudger, Marshall. 

MARTIN" COUNTY 

Was formed in 1774, from Halifax and Tyrell counties, 'and^ 
named in honor of Josiah Martin the last of the Colonial Gov- 
ernors in our State. ' 

It belongs to the Eastern Division, its northern boundary is the 
Eoanoke river. 

Williamston, the county town, is located on the south bank 
of Eoanoke river, 140 miles from Ealeigh. 

Surface : Level, with sandy loamy soils. 

Products : Corn, cotton, peas, potatoes and a variety of veg- 
<3tables. 

Fruits : Apples, peaches, grapes, berries, and other small 
fruits. 



COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA 83 



Timbers : Oak, pine, cypress, maple, birch. 

Land Ustedin 1877: 261,126 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 11.033.852. 

Public Schools: White, 33; colored, 31. With two Male and 
Female High Schools at Williamston, one at Hamilton, one at 
Jamesville, and one at Robersonville. 

Special corres^jondenfs of the Department of Agriculture .\J1. D. 
Roberson, Robersonville; J. B. Biggs, Williamston. 

MCDOWELL COUNTY. 

Was formed in 1842, from Burke and Rutherford counties, 
and was named in honor of Col. Joseph McDowell. 

It belongs to the Middle Division, lying on the^eastern slope 
of the Blue Ridge. 

Marion, the county seat, is on the Western North Carolina 
Railroad, about 200 miles from Raleigh, and was called in honor 
of Gen. Francis Marion, of South Carolina. 

Surface : Mountainous, with clay and rich loamy soils . 

Products : Corn, wheat, tobacco, oats, rye, potatoes, grasses, 
and a variety of vegetables. 

Fruits : Apples, peaches, pears, and berries. 

Timbers : Oak, hickory, poplar, walnut, chestnut. 

Minerals: Iron, copper, silver, mica, lead, Avith sulphur 
springs. 

Land listed in 1877 : 222,276 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $409,443. 

Public Schools: White, 42; colored, 10. 

Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : 
John S. Brown, Marion; S. J. Neal, Henry's. 

MECKLEN^BUEG COUN'TY 

Was formed in 1762, from Arson county, and was' named in 
honor .of the new Queen. 

It belongs to the Middle Division, lying on the southern bor- 



84 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAEOLINA. 



der of the State adjoining South Carolina, and bounded on the 
west by Catawba river. 

The city of Charlotte, the county seat, is the junction five of 
railroads and is 174 miles from Raleigh. 

Surface : Undulating, with sandy, red clay and loamy soils. 

Products : Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes, grasses, 
and a variety of vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, plums, melons, cherries, ber- 
ries and other small fruits. 

Timhers : Oak, pine, hickory, walnut, poplar, ash, locust. 

Minerals: Twelve gold mines being worked. 

Land listed in 1877 : 299,539 ftcres. Value of land and town 
lots, 13,184,120. 

Public ScJiools : White, 65; colored, 39. With Macon High 
School, Charlotte Female Institute, Riddle Institute, and a 
number of private schools. 

Manufactures : Foundries, carriage and wagon and fur- 
niture establishments. 

Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : R. B. 
Caldwell, Charlotte; J. F. Johnston, Charlotte. 

MITCHELL COUNTY 

Was formed in 1861, from the counties ' McDowell, 

Caldwell, Watauga and Yancey, an"^ was named in honor of 
Rev. Elisha Mitchell, D. D., for a number of years a Professor 
in our State University, and who was accidentally killed in 
making a scientific exploration of the highest peak of the Black 
mountains. His body was interred on the summit. 

It belongs to the Western Division, is situated in the north- 
western portion of the State and adjoins Tennessee. 

Siirface : Mountainous, with rich loamy soils. 

Products: Corn, wheat, oats, rye, flax and the grasses. 

Fruits: Apples, pears, grapes. 

Timbers: Poplar, oak, chestnut, walnut, ash. 

Minerals: Iron, mica, manganese, plumbago, Asbestos, 
kaolin, corundum, samarskite, gummite, pitchblende and min- 
eral springs. 



COUNTIES or NORTH CAROLINA. 85 



Land listed in 1877 • 174,326 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $122,480. 

PuUic schools: White, 36; colored, 3. 

Manufactures : Cranberry and Rock Creek iron mines. 

Special correspondent of tlie Department of Agriculture: S„ 
W. Blalock, Ledger. 

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 

Was formed in 1779, from Anson county, and was named in 
lienor of G-en, Richard Montgomery, a distinguished officer of 
the Revolution, who fell at the battle of Quebec, December 
31st, 1775. 

It belongs to the Middle Division, is situated in the south- 
ern portion of the State, its western boundary is marked by the 
Yadkin river. 

Troy, the county seat, is 115 miles from Raleigh, and named 
in honor of John B. Troy, and eminent attorney. 

Surface: Hilly, undulating, with sandy and clay soil varied. 

Products: Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, sorghum cane, po- 
tatoes and a variety of vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, cherries, plums, grapes and 
small fruits. 

Minerals: Gold, copper, silver, iron, chalybeate and sulphur 
springs. 

Timbers: Oak, pine, hickory, ash. 

Land listed in 1877: 288,600 acres. Value of laild and town 
lots, 1411,907- 

PuUic Schools: White, 27; colored, 15. 

Manufactures: Several furniture, carriage and wagon manu- 
factures. 

Sjjecial correspondents of the Department of Agric2tlture : 
H. M. Scarborough, Mt. Gilead; C. W. Wooley, Mt. Gilead. 

MOORE COUNTY 

Was formed in 1784, from Cumberland county, and was nam- 



86 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



ed in honor of Hon. Alfred Moore, one of the Associate Justices 
of the United States Supreme Court. 

It belongs to the Middle Division, is situated in the southern 
portion of the State. 

Carthage, the county seat, is 79 miles from Raleigh. 

Surface: Undulating, with sandy and clay soils. 

Products: Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes and a va- 
riety of vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, cherries, melons and a variety 
of small fruits. 

Timbers: Pine, oak, hickory. 

Minerals: Gold, copper, and very superior soapstoaie. 

Land listed in 1877: 501, 455 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 1828,720. 

PuUic schools: White 54; colored, 36. 

Bpecial correspondents of the Department of Agelculture: 
Wm. Arnold, Jonesboro; J. M. Edwards, Carthage. 

NASH COUKTY 

Was formed in 1777, from Edgcombe, and was named in 
honor of Gen. Francis Nash, who that year fell in the battle of 
Germantown. 

It belongs to the Eastern Division, is situated in the western 
poi Lion of that Division. 

Nashville, the county seat, is 44 miles from Raleigh. 

Surface: Level, undulating, with sandy and clay soils. 

Products: Corn, cotton, peas, potatoes, wheat, oats, and veg- 
etables. 

i^r^aYs: Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, melons, and small 
fruits. 

Timbers: Pine, oak, cypress, gum, dogwood. 

Mio'M'als: Gold. 

Laud listed in l^ll : d'^1 ,^2S ?iCT:Q^. Value of land and town 
lots, 11,345,589. 

PuUic schools: White, 39; colored, 27. In addition, Casta- 
li:: stanhope Academy, and Battleboro Female 

School. 



COUNTIES OF NOKTH CAEOLINA. 87 



Special correspondents of tlie Department of Agriculture: N. 
W. Boddie,';Naslivine, J. A. Harrison, Castalia; W. H. Hil- 
liard, Jr., Battleboro; Thos. Westray, Stanhope. 

NEW HANOVER 

Was formed in 1728, and named in honor of the House of 
Hanover. 

- It belongs to the Eastern Division, is situated in the south- 
"east portion of the State; is bounded east by the Atlantic Ocean 
and west by the Cape Fear river. 

Wilmington, the county seat, is 148 miles from Ealeigh, is im- 
mediately on the Cape Fear river, and was named in lionor of the 
Earl of Wilmington, and is rapidly growing in commercial im- 
portance. . It was originally called Newton. 

Surface: Level, with sandy and alluvial soils. 

Products: Corn, peas, peanuts, potatoes and a variety of veg- 
"©tables. 

Fruits: Peaches, grapes, berries and other small fruits. 

Timbers: Pine, cypress, gum, live oak. 

Land listed in 1877: 92,885 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 13,938.378. 

PuUic schools: White, 8; colored, 11. In addition, Cajje 
Military Academy, Tiliston ISTormal School (male and female) 
Hintoii Male High School, Williston Normal School (colored). 

Special correspnde7ifs of tJie Departmsnt of Agriculture: 
A. R, Black, Wilmington; Thomas F. Wood, Wilmington. 

NOETHAMPTON COUNTY. 

Was formed in 1741, from Bertie county, origin of its name 
unknown. 

It belongs to the Eastern Dlvisiori, is situated in the north- 
eastern part of the State, its western boundary being the 
Hoanoke river. 

Jackson, the county seat, is about 115 miles from Raleigh. 

■ Surface : Undulating, with sandy loamy soils. 



88 COUNTIES OP NORTH CAEOLINA. 



Products : Corn, wheat, cotton, peas, oats rye, and otliei- 
yegetables. 

Fi'uits: Apples, pears, peaches, melons, berries and other 
small fruits. 

Timbers: Oak, pine,, hickory, ash, cypress. 

Land listed in 1877: 308,943 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 11,469,485. 

Piillic Schools: White, — ; colored ^. Jackson High School; 
Seaborad High School, and Jackson Female High School. 

Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture: 
Wm. G-raiit, Jackson; W. P. Vick, Margeretsville; Wm. T.. 
Peele, Rich Square. 

ONSLOW COUNTY. 

"Was formed in 1734, from New Hanover county, andlwas 
named in honor of Arthur Onslow, who at that time was speak- 
er of the British House of Commons. 

It belongs to the Eastern Division, is situated in the extreme 
east and bounded on the east by Core sound, and th« Atlantic- 
Ocean. 

Jacksonville, the county seat (and formerly called Onslow)- 
is on NcAv river 148 miles from Raleigh. 

Surface — Level, with sandy and alluvial soils. 

Products : Corn, cotton, peas, peanuts, potatoes. 

Fruits : Apples, peaches, scuppernong grapes, etc. 

Timbers: Pine, oak, hickory, ash, juniper, cypress. 

Land listed in 1S77 : 2Q7 ,S92 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $507,035. 

PuUic Schools: White, 18; colored, 15. 

Special correspondetits of the Department of Agriculture : 
Hill E. King, Stump Sound; S. B. Taylor, Catherine Lake. 

ORANGE COUNTY 

Was formed in 1751, from Granville, Johnston and Bladen 
counties, was named in honor of the House of Orange. 



COUNTIES OF NOETH CAEOLmA. 



It belongs to the Middle Division, is situated in the central 
portion of the State. 

Hillsboro. the county seat, is 40 miles west of Ealeigh on the 
North Carolina Eailroad. It was first called Childsburg, but 
was changed to its present name in honor of the Earl of Hills- 
boro. 

Surface : Undulating, with diversified soils of gray, sandy 
and red clay. 

Products: Corn, wheat, oats, tobacco, cotton, potatoes and 
the grasses. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, and the 
small fruits. 

Timbers: Oak, hickory, pine, walnut, poplar, maple, 
gum. 

Minerals : Iron, with traces of coal, mica and copper, with 
eigth chalybeate, and sulphur springs. 

Lands listed in 1877 : 342,358 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $1,464,330. 

Public Schools: "White, 40; colored, 35. In addition Hughs 
Academy, Caldwell Institute, Hillsboro Female High School, 
with a number of other first class private schools. 

Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture :- 
J. Knox Hughs, Cedar Grove; J. H. Parish, Hillsboro. 

PAMLICO COUNTY. 

Was formed in 1872, from Beaufort and Craven county, and 
bears the name of the Sound on its eastern and southern border. 

It belongs to the Eastern Division, being situated on the 
Pamlico Sound. 

Bayboro, the county seat, is about 200 miles from Ealeigh, 
located on Bay river, and takes its name from that stream. 

Surface-. Level, with sandy and rich alluvial soils. 

Products: Corn, cotton, Tobacco, rice, peas, wheat, and a 
variety of vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, grapes, melons and the small fruits. 



•90 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



Timbers: Piue poplar, asli, gum, oak, holly, beech. 

Land listed in 1^11: 142,121 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 1291,237. 

PuUic scliools: White, 19; colored, 7. 

Special correspondents of the Department of Agrictdture : 
W. T. Caho, Bay River; J. S. Lane, Stonewall. 

PASQUOTAISTK COUNTY 

Was formed in 1729, One of the original precincts, and takes 
its name from a tribe of Indians who once occupied the ter- 
ritory. 

It belongs to the Eastern Division, is situated in the north- 
east corner of the State, is bounded on the north by the Vir- 
ginia line, and south by the Albemarle sound. 

Elizabeth City, the county seat, is 215 miles from Raleigh, 
and is located on Pasquotank river. 

Surface: Level, Avitli alluvial and sandy, soils. 

Products: Corn, cotton, flax, oats, peas, potatoes, anda varie- 
ty of vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, pears, j^eaches, grapes, and the small fruits. 

Timbers: Pine, oak, cypress, j)oplar, juniper, ash, gum. 

Lcmd listed in 1877: 123,640 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $807,900. 

PuMic schools: White, IS; colored, 13, with a number of pri- 
A'ate schools. 

Special eorrespondents of the Department Agricidticre: C. W. 
Hollowell, Elizabeth City. 

PENDER COUNTY 

AVas f(^rmed in 1875, from New Hanover county, and was 
named in honor of Maj. G-en. W. J). Pender, of Edgecombe, 
who was a distinguished officer in the Confederate army. 

It belongs to the Eastern Division, is bounded on the east by 
the Atlantic ocean, and west b}^ Black river. 

Burgaw, the county seat, is 112 miles from Raleigh. 



COUNTIES OF NOETH CAROLINA. 91 



Surface: Level, with sand}^, loamy soils. 

Products : Corn, cotton, pea nuts, potatoes, rice. 

Fruits : Apples, pears, grapes and vegetables. 

Timbers : Pine, oak, hickory, ash, cypress, gnm. 

Land listed in 1877: 337,887 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $877,031. 

Public schools : White, — ; colored, — . In addition there are 
Eocky Point Academy and Herring's Chapel school. 

Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture : G. Z. 
French, EocJiy Point; Daniel Shaw, Eocky Point. 

PERQUIMANS COUNTY 

Was the earliest settlement in North Carolina,^aud takes it« 
name from a tribe of Indians once occupying that territory. 

It belongs to the Eastern Division of the State, being situated 
in the northeastern part of the State — its southern boundary 
being Albemarle Sound. 

Hertford, the county seat, is 194 miles from Ealeigh, and is 
located on Pasquotank river. 

Surface: Level, with sand and clay soils, varied. 

Products : Corn, cotton, peas, potatoes, melons and a variety 
of vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, grapes and a variety of small fruits. 

Timbera : Pine, oak, ash, gum, poplar, hickory, maple, juni- 
per and cypress. 

Land listed in 1877: 144,501 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 1780,780. 

Public Schools: White, 25; colored, 32. Also Perquimans 
Academy, Hertford Academy, Belvedere Academy, (all for males 
and females.) 

Special corresp)ondents of the Department of Agriculture : 
James Newbold, Winfall. 

PERSON COUNTY 

Was formed in 1791, from Caswell county, and was named 
in honor of Gen. Thomas Person, of Granville county. 



92 COUNTIES OF NOETH CAROLINA. 



It belongs to the Middle Division of the State, is situated on 
the northern border of the State, being bounded on the north 
by the Virginia line. 

Eoxboro, the county seat, is 54 miles from Ealeigh. 

8urface : Undulating, with sandy loam and red clay soils. 

Products : Tobacco, corn, wheat, oats, potatoes, vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, plums, berries and other 
small fruits. 

Timbers : Pine, poplar, ash, walnut, hickory. 

La7id listed in 1877 : 233,296 acres. Value of land andtowis 
lots $754,925. 

FuMic Scliools: White, 27; colored, 27. 

Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture^ 
J. M. Barnett; Eoxboro. 

PITT C0U2n^TY 

Was formed in 1760, from Beaufort county, and named m 
honor of William Pitt, Earl of Chatham. 

It belongs to the Eastern Division, and is centrally located 
in that division, and is traverse! its full length by Tar river. 

Greenville, the county seat, is 102 miles from Ealeigh, and is 
located on Tar river. 

Surface : Undulating,- with sandy, loamy soils. 

Froducts : Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, peas, potatoes, rye, and 
a variety of vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, plums, grapes, berries, and 
other small fruits. 

Timbers : Pine, oak, hickory, poplar, cypress, gum. 

Land listed in 1877: 359,607 acres. Value of land and to we 
lots, $1,599,788. 

Fublic Schools : White, 26 ; colored, 30. 

S^JBcial correspondents of the Department of Agriculture: 
John King, Falkland; James Joyner, Marlboro. 



COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 93 



POLK COUNTY 

Was formed iu 1855, from Henderson and Rutherford coun- 
ties, and was named in honor of Col. William Polk, of the 
Revolution. 

It bel©ngs to the Middle D "vision, is situated in the extreme 
southwestern portion of that division, and bounded on the 
south by the South Carolina line. 

Columbus, the county seat, is about 220 miles from Ralei2,h, 
and was so called in honor of the discoverer of America. 

Surface: Hilly, undulating, with loamy and clay soils. 

Products: Corn, wheat, oats, rye, tobacco, jiotatoes, grasses, 
sorghum cane and vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, berries, &c., to great 
perfection, in the "Thermal Belt." 

Timhers : Oak, pine, hickory, walnut and chestnut. 

Minerals : G-old and iron, with several mineral springs. 

Land listed in 1877: 137,344 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $351,697. 

Public Schools: White, 21; colored, 9. 

Sjjeclcd correspondents of the Defartment of Agriculture : L. 
R. McAboy, Lynn. 

RANDOLPH COUNTY 

Was formed in 1779. from Guilford and Rowan counties, and 
was named in honor of the Randolph family of Virginia. 

It belongs to the Middle Division, and is situated about the 
center of the State. 

Ashboro, the county seat, is 72 miles from Raleigh, and was 
so called in honor of Governor Samuel Ashe. 

Surface; Hilly, undulating, with sandy and clay soils, varied. 

Products; Corn, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes, peas, grasses and 
a variety of vegetables. 

Fruits; Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, berries and other 
small fruits. 



94 COUNTIES OF NOETH CAROLINA. 



Timbers; Oak, hickory, pine, poplar, walnut. 

Minerals: Gold, silver, copper, iron, with several mineral 
springs. 

Land listed in 1877: 469,848 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 11,394,517. 

PnUic Scliools: White, 82; colored, 22. Also Farmer's 
Academy, Bush Hill Academy, Franklin sville Academy, Mt. 
Shepard Academy, Ashboro Female Academy. 

Special corresijondents of the Department of Agriculture: M». 
S. liobbins, Ashboro; A. S. Horney, Franklinsville. 

RICHMOIfD COUNTY 

Was formerl in 1779, from Anson, and was named in honor 
of the Duke of Richmond, who was a zealous friend of the 
American cause in the House of Lords. 

It belongs to the Middle Division, is one of the southern 
border counties; is bounded on the south by the South Carolina 
line, and west by the Pee Dee river. 

Rockingham, the county seat, is 105 miles from Raleigh. 

Surface; Level, undulating, with sandy and clay soils, varied. 

Products: Corn, cotton, peas, potatoes, wheat, oats, rye, and 
a variety of vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, plums, grapes, melons, ber- 
ries, and other small fruits. 

Timbers: Oak, pine, poplar, gum. 

La7id listed in 1877 : 412,917 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $947,649. 

Public Schools: White, 30; colored 49. Also Rockingham 
Male and Female Academy, Spring Hill Academy, Ellerbee 
Springs Academy, Caledonia Academy, Laurinburg Academy. 

Special corresp)ondents of the Department of Agriculture; J. T. 
Bradley, Mangum; J, L. Cooley, Montpelier; J. W. Guthrie, 
Rockingham. 

ROBESON COUNTY 

Was formed in 1786, from Bladen county, and was named in 



COUNTIES OF NOETH CAEOLINA. 95 



honor of Colonel Eobeson, who distinguished himself in the 
battle of Elizabethtown in July, 1781. 

It belongs to the Eastern Division, is situated on the southern 
border, the South Carolina line being its southern boundary^ 

Lumberton, the county seat, is 93 miles from Ealeigh, and is 
located on Lumber river. 

Surface; Level, with sandy and clay soils. 

Products; Corn, cotton, peas, potatoes, and a variety of veg- 
etables. 

Fruits; Apples, peaches, pears, melons, grapes, berries, and 
other small fruits. 

Tlmhers; Pine, oak, hickory, eyj^ress. 

Land llstedln 1877 : 573,300 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 11,020,406, 

Ptihlic Schools; White, 53; colored, 38. Also, Ashpole Insti- 
tute, Shoe Heel Institute. 

Special corres2Jondents' of the De2Mrtm£nt of Agriculture : D. P.. 
McEachern, Shoe Heel. 

KOCKINGHAM COUNTY 

AVas formed in 1785, from Guilford county, and was named 
in honor of C. W. Wentworth, Marquis of Eockingham — Pre- 
mier of England — and a devoted friend of America. 

It belongs to the Middle Division, is situated on tlie northern 
border, being bounded on the north by the Virginia line. 

Wentworth, the county seat, is 116 miles from Ealeigh. 

Surface ; Hilly, undulating, with grey, sandy and clay soils, 
varied. 

Products : Tobacco, corn, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes and a 
a variety of vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, cherries, plums, berries,. 
and other small fruits. 

Timbers — Oak, hickory, pine. 

Minerals'. Coal, with a large number of iron springs. 

Land listed in 1877: 310,887 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $1,462,433. 



m COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



Public ScJiools : White, 56 ; colored, 49. 
Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture: J. W. 
Hutclierson, Wentworth; T. W. Field, Leaksville. 

EOWAN" COUNTY 

Was formed m 1758, from Anson county, and for a time 
embraced much of the western part of this State and Tennessee. 
It belongs to the Middle Division, near its center, ,and is 
bounded on the east by the Yadkin river. 

Salisbury, the county seat, is 118 miles west of Raleigh, is 
located at the junction of the North Carolina and Western 
North Carolina Railroads and takes its name from a town in 
Fnfland. 

Surface : Hilly, undulating, with dark clay soils. 

Products : Corn, wheat, oats, rye, hay, tobaceo, cotton, 
peas, potatoes and a variety of vegetables. 

Fruits : Appl«s, peaches, jjears, cherries, berries, and other 
small fruits. 

Timbers : Oak, hickory, ash, walnut, maple, poplar, pine. 

Minerals : Gold, copper, silver, with sulphur springs. 

Land listed i7i 1877 : 300,186 acres. Value of land and town, 
lots, $1,863,591. 

Public ScJiools : White, 56; ©olored, 18. Also Salisbarj Male 
Academy, »nd Salisbury Female Academy. 

Manufactures: 37,000 pounds sassafras, and 3,170 pound* 
pennyroal oils were made in this county during the past year. 
30,000 gallons sorghum molasses were also made. Fine flour 
largely manufactured. 

Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture: 
Luke Blackmer, S. R. Harrison, Salisbury. 



BUTHEEFOKD COUNTY 



rl 



Was formed^in 1779, from Tyron ^county, (which was that 
year abolished and divided between Rutherford and Lincoln) 



COUNTIES OF NORTH Cx-^ROLINA 97 



and was named in honor of Gen. G-riffith Entherford, of the 
Reyolntion. 

It belongs to the Middle Division, being situated in its ex- 
treme soutliwestern portion, and bounded on the south hj the 
South Carolina line. 

Rutherfordton, the county seat, is^216 miles from Raleigh. 

Surface : Hilly, undulating with grey sandy and clay soils. 

Products: Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, tobacco, clover^ 
potatoes and a variety of vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, pears, peaches, cherries, plums, berries and 
other small fruits. 

Timbers : Oak, walnut, poplar, maple, hickory, ash, pine^ 
cherry. 

Minerals : Iron, gold, copper, mica, plumbago, corundum, 
with several mineral sj^ rings. 

Land listed in 1877 : 327,148 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 1831,026. 

FuMic ScJiools : White, 55; colored, 11. 

/Special correspondeoits of the Department of Agriculture: T. 
D, Twitty, of Rutherfordton; W. L. Jones, Poor's Ford. 

SAMPSON' COUNTY 

Was formed in 1781, from Duplin, and was named in honor 
of Col. John Sampson, 

It belongs to the Eastern Division, is situated in iJie south- 
eastern portion of the State. 

Clinton, the county seat, is 94 miles from Raleigh. 

Surface: Level, with sandy and clay soils, varied. 

Froducts : Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, grasses, peas, po- 
tatoes, and a variety of vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, melons, berries and 
other small fruits. 

Timbers: Pine, oak, poplar, hickory, ash, walnut, cypress 
juniper. 

Land listed in 1877 : 344,100 acres. Value of land and towK$ 
lots, $900,186. 



98 COUNTIES OF NOETH CAROLIJs'A. 



PuNic Schools : White, 57; colored, 52. With a number of 
good private schools. 

Special corresjjondenfs of tlie Department of Agriculture : 
John Ashford, Clinton; S.J. Faison, Harrell's .store. 

STA^fLEY COrJsTY 

Was formed u\ 18il, from Montgomery county, and \v;i.s 
named in honor of Hon. Jolm Stanley', of New Berne. 

It belongs to the Middle Division, is bounded on the east by 
Yadkin river and on the soutli l)y Rocky river — -one of the trib- 
utaries of the Pee Dee. 

Albemarle, the county seat, is al)out 100 miles from Raleigh, 
and preserves the name of one of the Lords Proprietors. 

Surface; Hilly, undulating, witli clay and gravelly soils. 

Products; Corn, wheat, oats, cotton, rye, potatoes, hay, and 
a variety of vegetables. 

Fruits: Ap])les. peaclies, pears, plums, berries, melons, and 
small fruits. 

Timders: Oak, hickory pine. 

Minerals: Gold and zinc. v\ir]i a large number of mineral 
springs. 

Land listed in 1877: 226,054: acres. Yalue of land and town 
lots, 1407,900. 

PuUic schools: White, 40'; colored, 8. Also Albemarle Male 
and Female Academy, Mineral Springs ilalc and Female Acad- 
emy, Fork Male and Female Academy. 

Special correspondents <jf the DcjUtrtment of Agriculture; J. 
E. Hartrcll, Leo: W. J. Ross. Alljemarlc. 

STOKES COUxSITY 

Was formed in 1 : 89, from Surry county, and was named in 
honor of Hon. John Stokes. 

It belongs to the Middle Division, on the northern border of 
the State, being bounded on the north by the Virginia line. 

Danbury, the county ^seat, is 100 miles from Raleigh, 



COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 99 



Surface: Hilly, imdnlating, with grey and red clay soils. 

Products: Corn, tobacco, wheat, oats, rye, hay, potatoes, 
.gasses, and vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, plums, cherries, 
berries and other small fruits. 

Timbers : Pine, oak, chestnut, hickory, walnut, poplar. 

Minerals : Gold, zinc witn numerous iron, sulphur and lime- 
stone springs. 

Land Listed in 1877 : 258,530 acres. Value of land and town 
lots $733,643. 

PuUic Schools : White, 35 ; colored, 7. Also Dalton High 
School and D anbury Female Academy. 

Special correspondents of tJte Department of Agriculture: W. 
W. King, Danbury, Benjamin Baiiy, Walnut Cove. 

SURRY COUKTY 

Was formed in 1770, from Rowan county, and takes its name 
from the county of Surry in the sjutli of England. 

It belongs to the Middle Division, and is located in the north- 
western portion of the State, is bounded on the north by the 
Virginia line. 

Dobson, the county seat, is about 120 miles from Ilaleioh. 

Surface: Mountainous, with gray and red ioiis. 

Products: Corn, wheat, oats, rye, tobacco, potatoes, and a 
variety of vegetab.es. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, plnn-:s, cherries, berries and 
other small fruits. 

Timhers: Chestnut, pine, poplar, hickory, vv^alnut, locust, 
■oak, cherry. 

Minerals: L?ad, coal, mica, iron, manganese, asbestos, with 
one sulphur and three iron springs. 

Land listed, in 1877: 304,742 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 1781,062. 

Public Scliools: White, 54; colored, 14. 

Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture: W. 
H. Wolfe, Judesville; R. R. Gwyn, Elkin. 



100 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



SWATX f'OUNTY. 

Was formed in 18T1, from Macon and Jackson counties, and 
Avas named in honor of D. L. SAvain, formerlj GrOTernor of the- 
State and President of tlie UniA^ersity. 

It belongs to the Western DiA'ision, and is 1)oinided on the 
nortli by the Tennessee line. 

Charleston, the county seat, is H2r) mile»5from Raleigh. 

Surface: Mountainous, with dark, loamy and clay soils. 

Prod'ndt<: Corn, wheat, oats, rye, buckwheat, potatoes and-. 
a vai'iety of A'egetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peach es,£grapes, pears. 

Timbers: Walnut, oak, poplar, pine, bii'ch, beocu,iish. 

Minerals: Gold, silver, had, copper, mica. 

LandVisted in- 1^77.' 4()G.n;)l acres. A'alue of Lmd and towK; 
lots, $173,564. 

PuUic Srliooh: White, 18; C(dored, 0. 

SpeciaJ corrfX'p(mde)its of tlie Department of AgricuJtarei- 
Daniel Lester, Fairfrix; John M. Earls, Nantahala. 

T K A X.ST LA' AXr A COUXT Y 

Was formed in 1861, from Henderson and Jackson countit s. 

It belongs to the Western DiA'ision. is bounded on the south 
by the South Carolina line, and is traversed its full length by 
the French Broad river. 

Brevard, the county seat, is about ;l^i'l miles from Raleigh, 
and preserves a name that became distinguislied in the Revolu-- 
tion. 

tiurface: Mountainous, Avith dark loanij soils, very fertile. 

Products: Corn, wheat, rye, bnckAvheat, ])otatoes, oats,, hay^, 
and a variety of vegetal)les. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, cherries, pears, jiliuns, berries, ami 
other small fruits. 

Timbers: Oak, ash, hickory, chestnut, walnut. ma[)]e, pine... 
o"um. 



COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 101 



Minerals: Mica, copper, iron. 

Land listed in 1877: 275,729 acres. Value of laud and toAva 
lots, 1338,889. 

PuUic Schools: White, 23; colored, 4. 

Special correspo7idents of the Deijartment of AgiHcultuo'e ; 
"Tlios. L. Gash. Br«vard. 

TYRRELL COUNTY 

Was one of the original precincts of the Lords Proprietors, 
•"dDd bears the name of John Tyrrell one of the original owners of 
the province. 

It belongs to the Eastern Division, is bounded on the noi'th 
by tJie Albemarle sound. 

Columbia, the county seat, is about 200 miles from Raleigh, 
:.and located on Scuppernong river. 

Surface : Level, with sandy and rich alluvial soils. 

Products : Corn, cotton, peas, potatoes, and vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, grapes. 

Timbers: Pine, oak, juniper cypress. 

Land listed in 1877: 118,»41 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $220,930. 

Public Schools: White, 10; colored, 6. Also Columbia Acad- 
emy. 

Special correspondents of the Department of Agriculture: 
C E. Tatem, Columbia; Eli Spruill, Columbia. 

UNION COUNTY 

\V;is formed in 1842, from Anson and Mecklenburg counties. 

It belongs to the Middle Division, is one of the southern 
"border counties adjoining South Carolina. 

Monroe, the couniy seat, is 105 miles from Raleigh, and was 
named in honor of James Monroe, the fifth President of the 
'United States. 

Surface -. Hilly, undulating, with gray and red clay soile, 
varied. 



102 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



Products : Corii, cottnn. wlient. oats, rye, potatoes, aiid :t 
A'ariety of vegetable!?. 

Fruits : Apples, grapes, peaelio:-, \KK\.r6, nu-Io'.^;, berries. 

Timbers: Pine, oak, hickory, ash, ],()])lar. 

Minerals: Gold. 

Land listed in 187i; 373. 91« acres. Value of land and town 
lots, $1,268,848. 

Public scJuHils: White, — ; coloj'cd, — . Also Monroe High 
School. 

Special corresijimdeiit.s of iJie Dejiarfmeiit of Agriculture t- 
A'achel T. Chears, Brown Ci'eek, C. N. Sinijison, Monroe. 

WAKE COUXTY 

Was formed in 1 770, from Orange, Johnston an<l Cumber- 
hind counties, and was called in compliment to the maidert 
name of Covernor Tryon's Avife. 

It belongs to the Middle Division: and in tliis county is loca- 
ted the Cajntol of the State. 

Ealeigh. the county seat, and also the Capital of the State, 
bears the name of the illustrious Sir Walter Raleigh, under 
wdiose auspices the first colony was planted on our soil. 

Surface .- Undulating, with gray sand and clay soils varied^ 

Products: Corn, cotton, wheat, (jats, rye. grassies, potatoes 
and a variety of vegetal )les. 

Fruits : Ap])lcs, peaches, pears, grapes, melons, beri'ios. 

Timhers : Piiie. hickory, oak, po|)lar, maple, ash. 

Minerals .- Plumbago in great abundance. 

Land Listed in 1877 .- 564,790 acres. Value of land and to wit 
lots <$4,838,395. 

Public Schools : White, 98 , colored 82. Also Raleigh Male 
High School, Raleigh Graded school, St. Augustin School (col- 
ored) and quite a number of schools supported by private pa- 
tronage. 

Manufactures: Several establishments for manufacturing 
spokes, rims, hubs, plow handles, buggies, carriages, wagons. 



COUKTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 103 



.su-sh, doors, mantels, engines, toilers, saw mills, leather, plows 
and plow castings. 

Sjjeclal correspoiidenfs of tlie Departnient of Agriculture : 
W. G. Upclmreh, Raleigh; W. B. Smith, Forestville; 8. D. Wil- 
liams, Ealeigh. 

WARREX COUNTY 

Was formed in 1779, from a portion of Bute county, Avhich 
was that ^'Car divided into Warren and Franklin. 

It belongs to the Middle Division, and is situated on the 
northei-n border of the State adjoining' Virginia, and takes its 
name from Joseph Warren, of Massachusetts. 

Warrenton. the county seat, is about 53 miles from Raleigh. 

Surface: Undulating, with sandy, loam and clay soils. 

Products : Tobacco, corn, Avlieat, oats, rye, cotton, potatoes, 
st)rghum cane, and a variety of vegetables. 

Fruits: Apph-s, peaches, pears, grapes, melons, berries and 
other small fruits. 

TrmliPvs: Oak, pine, poplar, walnut, hickory, ash, maple. 

Zl'.iieriih: Gold, with several mineral springs. 

Land listed in 1S77: o 1 5, 753 acres. A'ylue of land and town 
lots, ^1.383,18-2. 

Fiihlic ScJionls: AYhite, 19 ; colored, 23. Also AYarrenton 
Male Academy, Warrenton Female Collegiate Institute. 

Special cor respor: dents; of the Department of A(!riciflture : W. 
H. Cheek. Warronton, Wm. Wallace White, Manson. 

WASHINGTOiT COUXTY 

Was formed in 1709, from Tyrell county, and was named in 
honor of tlie fat lie r of this country. General (ieorge Washing- 
t(m. 

It ))elongs to the I'astern Fivision, and is bouiiflerl on the 
north by Alliemi-ri.^ sound. 

Plynnuitl , the connty seat, 102 miles from Raleigh. 



104 COUNTIES OF NOKTH CAROLINA. 



Surface: Level, with Scxndj loamy soils with clay subsoils. 

Products: Com, ootton, wheat, potatoes, peas, and a variety 
of vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, i^luins, berries, melons, and 
a varietj of small fruits. 

Timbers: Cypress, juniper, pine, oak, poplar, ash. 

Land listed i7i 1877: 170,460 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 1483,472. 

PuMic schools: White, — ; colored, — . 

iSpecial correspondents of the Department of Agriculture: 
Arthur Collins, Creswell; Wm. E. Chessom, Lee's Mills; T. J. 
Norman. Skinners ville. 

WATAUGA COUNTY 

Was formed in 1849, from Ash, Caldwell, Wilkes and Yancey 
counties and bears the name given to a river by the Indians, 
which has its isour«e in this county and signifies '*the River of 
Islands." 

It belongs to the Western Division, lying in the north western 
]:urtion of the State, an^ bounded- on the west by the Tenn- 
€'^■see line. 

Boone, the county seat, is about 240 miles from Raleigh, and 
":'"as called in honor of Daniel Boone, who once lived on the 
Yadkin river. 

Surface: Mountainous, with rich loamy soil. 

Products: Corn, wheat, rye, oats, buckwheat, potatoes, and 

tine vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, peas, berries, cherries, and all fruits 
of this climate. 

lumbers: Oak, chestnut, poplar, pine, sugar maple, cherry, 
walnut. 

Minerals: Iron, gold, mica, plumbago, silver, copper, with 
minerals springs. 

La7id lixted in 1877: 185,126 acres. Value of land aud towa 
lots, $320,097. 

Puhlic schools: White, 40; colored, 2. 



COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 105 



Sj^ecial corres2)ondenfs of the DejJartrnent of Agriculture: A. 
J. McBride, McBride's Mills; M. C. Herman, Sugar Grove. 

WAYNE COUNTY 

Was formed in 1779 from a portion of Dobbs county, (subse- 
quently divided into Greene and Lenoir) and takes its name 
from Anthony Wayne, of Pennsylrania, distinguished in the 
Revolution. 

It belongs to the Eastern Division, and is traversed by Neuse 
River. 

Goldsboro. the county seat, is 51 miles from Raleigh, and is 
located at the jnnction of the North Carolina, the AtlanLic, and 
the Wilmington & Weldon Railroads, and on the Nease rivej'. 

Surface: Leve], slightly undulating, with sandy and loamy 
soils. 

Products: Corn, rotton, peas, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes, and 
a. variety of vegetables. 

Fruits: Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, melons, berries, and 
a, vai-iery of small fruits. 

Timbers: Oak, j'sh. hickory, pine, ma})le, juniper, poplar, 
walnut and cypress. 

La7id listed iu 1^77: 328,295 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 5i>i, 697,389. 

PulMc Scliof'ls: White, 37; colored, 30. Also several private 
schools of high cLujacter. 

Special. corresp(ui dents of the Department of Agriculture : B. 
F. Arrington, u^ldsboro; T. B. Hyman, GoUlsboro; B. F. 
Hook.--, Goldsboro. 

WILKES COUNTY 

Was formed in 1777. fi'om Surry county, and was njinied in 
honor of John Wilkes, a distinguished member of the English 
Parliament, and a zealous friend of the American cause in the 
Revolution. 



iO(i corN'ni's oi' xoirrii cakmm.ix \. 



It bolon^L^'s to Iho MidilU' hivisiou, und i>i siiiitili'il on tln> oMSt" 
oni slopi> of the Kltio IJidoc in tho Hivthwcsi-'ni portion of l)io 
StMtr. 

\\'ill\i'sl'oro, ihr comUv scat, is i;\* miles I't'om Ik-ilrioli. 

Sui'tdct''. IMIv, itiountainons. wjtli iliirlv s"iilv. |o,>i!\iv .-oi'. 

/'I'oihit'f,^', Coni. \\lu';ii, r\(', o;ils, ^Tiis-o . t'>i';n'i'o ;intl |ioi;t- 
toi>> 

/•'nii/s: A|»|iK"-, peadu's, p^ai's, <i'i"!ipes. clicnii's jihii l.-cn-it's. 

'/'ii/i/'crs: (>;ik. pint". I'liosnni. liickoi'x. w.nliiiii ainl pop- 
lar. 

Mititfit's: ("opprr. ^old, niira. inan^aiu'st'. uiili several min- 
eral sprinif!*. 

/jditi Ihfri/ iu ISM; .inn.'^DI aeres. N'alue of land and low u 
lots. !f!iii;K4Uli. 

rildlir Srh,ii>ls: Wliiie. S-J; eol.n-ed. !i, Aho Wilkeshon. 
Male tind l'\niale 11 ii;li Sehool, 'Trap Hill In^iti.le, Mora\iaM 
I'^ills M.'ilo ami Keinale .Veudemy. 

Smc^a' n>nrxiHtii(h'itt.< (>/ ffic /h/nnif/n/i/ nf' .l;in'cn//ti rr : L. 
Ilarrtdl. I'^'iar ('roek; .J. T. I inley. W i lki\- bo ro. 

\\ 1 1 ON > o; Ni > 

Was fm-med in 1^')". from Kdge.'oinl c. \a.-h. Wayne, ami 
.loluislon eounties. and wus nanievl in honor of Louis l>. Wilson. 
who died in M >xieo servin r Ins eonu ' . 

It helongs? to the Kasteri\ Pivision, oeeu '\ ni;.;- ;i t-emral posi- 
tion in that l^ivision. 

Wilson, the e>'intY seat, is alou- o(> inilos I'l' m Ualei^uh. ami 
located on tl>e Wilmington and Weldmi Iv (ilroad. 

Sitrfittr : Slightly \ind\ilaiing, with sandy aiui elay sods, va- 
ried. 

Prodtidfi: Corn, cotton, wheat, oits. r\e. peas, potatoes, 
grai^ses, and a variety of vegetables. 

Frit if s : Apples, reaches, pears, gnipes, iduM-rii's, melons, ber- 
ries, and otiier small frir;s. 

'J\'tiififr.<: Tine, oak, hickory, ash, eypiess. gnm. 



(XiUNTIEROFNOI.'Tll f.AIJ,01JXA. 107 



Mi'iwnUH: Iron, ii.iid o)i<; ;-;n!j)l)iJi', wilJi roocLr.;*;// iron ;uid m;),!!- 
nesia BpringH. 

Land ItHleil m \H'i'I: J 'jO, 140 uoro;-;. Vulu'; of l;i.i)'i luid l.own 

lotK, )sil,y:J4,j;i:}. 

Publio Hchootn: Wliite, ;j;j; colorod, /JO; AIho Wilnon Colle- 
trialo rriHtitul;o, \Vil«on (Jollogiatc Seminary. 
S'/jddal corrdHjmideiitH of tlu IJaparl/mmt of A.tjrlcidl/u/ri',: \l. W. 
King, WiJBori; Calviu Jiarnes, Wilr-on. 

YADKIN' COUJSTTY. 

Was formed in 1851^ ham Hurry, and takes its name from 
iIk; rivoi- wl)i(;li runs through it. 

It tK;l<jn.gs to the Middle Divigioii, aadin i.oeat;edin thonortlj- 
wcHtcrn portion, at the State, 

Yadkinvillf;, Uie county Heat, is about 175 miles from Kal- 
cigf), 

Hurfacd: Hilly, vvitJi loamy and claysoilg. 

PfodudH: Corn, wheat, rye, oats, tobacco, potatoes, grasses, 
and vej^etableH, 

FfuitH: ApplcH, peachcH, pears, plum.,j, berj'ies and HraaJ^ 
fruil.-;, 

''J'i'niherfi: Oak, hickory, poplar, uHh. 

M.'inerah: iron, with Beveralminoral springs, 

Aaf^^ /w/r;!^ f/i 1877; 207,040 acres. Value of land and town 
JotK, $011, 214 

Puhlic hcIlooIh: White, 48; coloi-ed, )0. AIho Jonegville Male 
and F(;malc Academy, Boonvllle Academy, Joncsville Female 
Seminary. 

H'/Xiciat corren'/JoruknlH of tliji Da'parl/numt of Ajjrir/idl.urfr. H. C. 
VV^iJHO)), Yadkinville; T. Long, Huntsville. 

YANCEY COL'NTY. 

Wa,-; I'orrned in 1833, from. liurKe and Buncombe counties, 
and was named in honor ol: Hon. Bartlett Yancey, of Caswell, 
who was a great and a good man. 



108 PROMINENT NORTH CAROLINIANS. 



It belongs to the Western Division, is situated in the north- 
western portion of the State, and is bounded on the west by the 
Tennessee line. 

Burnsville, the county seat, is about 245 miles from Raleigh, 
and was called in honor of Captain Otway Burns, of Carteret 
county. 

Surface: Mountainous, with rich loamy soils. 

Products: Corn, wheat, buckwheat, oats, rye, grasses, and 
potatoes. 

Fruits: Apples, pears, and berries. 

Timbers: Pojjlar, ash, chestnut, hickory, sugar maple and 
Buckeye. 

Minerals: Iron, mica, with several mineral springs. 

Land listed in 1877: 150,633 acres. Value of land and town 
lots, 1181,889. 

PiMic schools: White, 34; colored, 4. 

Special correspojidents of the Department of Agriculture: N. M. 
Wilson, Burnsville; J. R. Neil, Bald Creek. 



CHAPTER V. 

Partial List of Native North CaroUaiatis who have become prominent 
citizens of other S'ates, and also of Native Inventors. 

Andrew Jackson — President of the United States, born in 
the Waxhaw Settlement, of Mecklenburg county (now Union) — 
appointed Attorney General of the Territory of Tennessee by 
the Grovernor of North Carolina; became Judge of the Superior 
Court; famous for his military achievements in the Indian wais, 
and as the hero of New Orleans; Senator in Congress. 

Jamks Knox Polk: — President of the United States, born in 
Mecklenburg county; graduated at Chapel Hill; was Governor 
of Tennessee; Speaker of the House of Representatives in Con- 
aress. 



PEOMIisENT :sORTU CAROLINIANS. ICa^ 



Andrkvv Johxson — Pr' -''ifnf; of ihc I'mted iStj-tios, was borji 
ill Riileigh, Wake contity; 'inber of the LegisJatnre of Ten- 
iu\^'S<'c; itu'tiiber nf l)o!,n iioiises of Tlon^^re.ss fi'oin that State;. 
was Gwvern.),- ul the S*-.ate, aiid eleute.l Vice President of the 
ITriited Stiitos--, 

Wm. B. Kixa — iiorn in Sanippon county, represented his 
county ih thi_' Lcyii-i'nture, and tiie State in Congres.^; setth^diu 
Cahawhri uounlv. Aijd);irti*j; elected Setuitor from that State in 
1810; Minister to France in ISH, and Vice Pi'esident in 185:2. 

JosEi'ii B!;i':vARi) — Horn in Mecklenburg county; eleeted 
Jud;/''' in Seuth C;irolin;i; member of Congi'ess fj-oni that State- 
in 18-2 1. 

Jesse A. Byxum — Born in Hidifjix county, nieinber of the Leg 
isiatuie ;ind Congress, moved to Alexandria Parish. L.". 

JoHX R. J. I^^ANMEL — Born in Halifax county, often in the 
Legislature ami Congress, moved to Louisiana. 

John F. Dakby — Born in Person county; nnoved to Mississ- 
i.l)jii: elected to (.'otigi-ess fi'om Mississippi, to 32d Congiess in- 
1 85--> . 

Edmund S. Dakgax — W.-iS Ixn-n in Montgomei'y county, now 
Stanh-'y. in 180(1; moved to Alabatna; elected a member of the Leg- 
islature of tliat Srau ; soon thereafter was made Judge of the Su- 
peri(n- Court; iii 1846 vv^^.^ elected to Congress, and in 1S48 was- 
elected C'hief Justice of the Su^Jrcme Court; was elected a nsem- 
ber of the Cloufedera'e Congress. 

Sam'l P. Carsox — Horn in Burke county, was in the 19th, 
r^'Orli and 21st Congresses; moved to Texas, where he btcunie 
prominent. 

Archibald Dlxon — Was born ir. Caswell county; moved to 
Kentucky; was Lieutenaiit Governoj-, and succeeded Mr. Clay as 
Senator in 1852. 

Hamilton Henlrhson' Chal^iers — Was born in Eocking- 
bam county, moved to Mississippi and is now one of the Judges 
of tlie Suprenie Couit of that State. 

E.MERKOM P^THERiDGE — Was bofu iu Currituck, D;ioved to- 
Teniiessee, snd was a member of Couiiress from that State. 



no COUNTIES OF NOKTH CAROLINA. 



Wm. H. Forney — Was born in Lincoln county, moved to Al- 
abama, and is now in Cong-ress from tliat State. 

Thomas H. Bsn'ton — Was born in Orange coanty; moved 
first to Tennessee, served in the war of 1813 as Colonel 39th In- 
fantry, U. S. A., and was thirty years in tlie Senate from Mis- 
souri. 

LuciBN" C. Gause — Was born m Brunswick county, moved to 

Tennessee, settled in Arkansas, and is now a member of Con- 

,gress from that State. 

Joseph E. Hawlby — Was born in Richmond county; moved 

to Connecticut; elected Grovernor of that State in 180G; a mem- 
ber of Congress in 1872, and is now a member elect from that 
-State. He was President of the Centennial Exhibition at Phil- 
adelphia in 1876. 

James P. Hendekson' — Was born in Lincoln county; moved 
i;o Texas; Minister from Texas to Euroi^e; commanded a regi- 
ment in the Mexican war; elected Governor of Texas in 1846, 
and a Senator from Texas in Congress. 

Sam'l W. Inge — ^Was born in North Carolina; moved to Ala- 
bama; elected a member of the 30th and 31st Corgress; Attor- 
ney of the United States for California. 

James Johnson — Was born in Robeson county; moved to 
Georgia, was elected to the 32d Congress; appointed Provisional 
GoYernor of Georgia by Andrew Johnson. 

Thomas L. Jones — Was born in Rutherford county; moved 
to Kentuckj and was elected to the 40th, 41st and 44th ses- 
sions of Congress. 

John McQueen — Was born in Robeson county ; moved to 
•South Carolina, and was elected to the 31st, 32d, 33d and 34th. 
sessions of Congress. 

James C. Mitchell — Was born in Mecklenburg county, 
moved to Tennessee, and elected a member of the 19th and 
20th sessions of Congress. 

Gabriel Mooee — Was born in Stokes county, moved to 
Alabama, elected a member of the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th 
sessions of Congress; was Governor of Alabama in 1820, and 
U. S. Senator in 1829. 



PROMINEKT NORTH CAROLINIANS. Ill 



William H. Murfree — Was born in Murfreesboro; was 
-elected a member of tlie lotli and 14tb sessions of Congress 
from the Edenton district; moved to Tennessee. His father 
was a distinguished officer in tlie Revolutionary war, and two 
towns — one in North Carolina and one in Tennessee — preserve 
the name of the family. 

DajSTIEL Newman — was boru in North Carolina, aud served 
in the Revolutionary and Indian wars, ;uid v/as elected to Con- 
gress in 1831 from Georgia. 

Kenisteth Raykee — Was Ijorn in Bertie county. re])resented 
the Edeuton district frequently in Congress; moved to Missis- 
sippi; was nominated Judge of the SLipreme Court of Mississippi; 
appointed Judge of the Alabama Claims, and is now Solicitor 
of the Treasury. 

PhileuoIn" Thomas — Was born in North Carolina, moved to 
Kentucky and thence to Louisiana, and was a member of the 
22d and 23d sessions of C(mgrcss. 

Edward Staistly — Was boru in Newberu, served as a mem- 
ber of Congress from North Carolina; moved to California, and 
was appointed, in 1SG2, Military Governor of North Carolina, 
and was a candidate for Governor of California. 

Jacob Thompsotst — Was born in Caswell county, moved to 
Mississippi in 1835; was a member of the 26tli session of Con- 
gress, and re-elected in 1851; was Secretary of the Interior in 
1857 undeT the administration of President Buchanan. 

Starling Tucker — Was born in Halifax county; moved to 
South Carolina, .and served as a member of Congress from 1817 
to 183L 

TiLciHMAJf M. Tucker — Was boru in North Carolina, moved 
to Mississippi, was Governor of that State in 1811, and a mem- 
Iber of Congress in 1843. 
"^4 Hugh Lawson" White — Was born in Iredell county; went to 
Tennesse in 1783; was Judge of the Supreme Court of that 
State in 1801, U. S. Senator in 1825, and received the electoral 
vote of Tennessee and Georgia for President in 1836. 

Jemes White — Was born in North Carolina; moved to Ten- 
nesse and was elected a delegate to Congress in 1794. 



112 PROMINENT NORTH CAROLINIANS. 



J. McC. WiLET — Was born in Ccibarrus county; moved to 
Bibb county, Alabama; was elected Judge of tlie Circuit Oonrt, 
and also to the 39tli session of Congress, but was not permitted 
to take his seat. 

Charles Pelham — Was born in Person county, moved to 
Alabama^ was elected Judge in 1868, and to Congress in 1873. 

Leonaed Sim« — Was born in North Carolina, moved to 
Missouri, and in 1845 Avas elected a member of Congress from 
that State. 

William Allex — Was born in Edenton; moved to Ohio, was 
elected to Congress and the Senate of the Uaited States, and in 
1874 Governor of Ohio. 

William Smith — -Was born in North Carolina; moved to 
South Carolina, was elected to Congress in 1797, and Judge in 
1808, to the United States Senate in 1817, and re-elected to the 
United States Senate in 1831; declined the nomination of Judge 
of the Supreme Court of the United States, and in 1829 re- 
ceived the seven votes of Georgia for Vice President. 

Jesse Speight — Was born in Greene county, moved to Mis- 
sissii)pi, and elected United States Senator in 1845 from that 
State. 

MoNTFORD Stokes — Was born in North Carolina, was Gov- 
ernor of the State in 1830; moved to Arkansas, and was ap- 
pointed Commissioner for the removal of the Indians west of 
the Mississippi. 

William B. Stokes — Was born in Chatham county; moved 
to Tennessee, and elected to the 36th, 39th, 40th and 41st ses- 
sions of Congress. 

James Houston Thomas — Was born in Iredell county; moved 
to Tennessee, elected Attorney General of that State, was law 
partner of James K. Polk, and a member of the 31st and 36th 
sessions of Congress. 

Vax H. Manjtin^g — Was born in Martin county; removed to 
Mississippi in 1841, and was elected a member of the 44th and 
-/oth sessions of Congress. 

John Williams — Was born in Surry county; was Captain of 



PEOivimENT NOETH CAEOLINIANS. US 



the 6th U. S. Infantry in 1790; moved to Knosyille, Tennessee; 
was coJonel of a regiment in 1812, and served under Gen. Jack- 
son at ISTew Orleans; was elected to the U. S. Senate in 1815,. 
and appointed Charge DeAffairs to Central America by John Q. 
Adams. 

Maemaduke Williams — Was born in North Carolina; 
moved to Alabama, and was elected a Judge of Tuscaloosa 
County Court. 

EoBEET Williams — Was born near Shallow Ford, 'N. C- 
moved to Mississippi, where he was appointed by President Jef- 
ferson Territorial Governor^in 1805. 

"~ Thomas Hill Williams — Was born in ISTorth Carolina; wag 
a^clerk in the War Department; appointed in 1805 Collector of 
the port of 'New Orleans; was a delegate to the Convention that 
framed the Constitution of Mississippi, and one of the first Sen- 
ators from that State in the U. S. Congress, to which place he 
was re-elected in 1817. 

Thomas J. Wael — Was born in Surry county, moved to 
Mississippi, and was a member of Congress in 1838 from that 
State. 

G-EN. Hee"et ATCHisoiq" — Of the U. S. Army, was a native 
of Person county, and distinguished himself at the battle of Bad 
Axe in 1832. He died at Jefferson Barracks, Mo. 

GEiiT. Duncam L. Clinch — Of the XJ. S. Army, was a native 
of Edgecombe county; moved to Georgia, and was elected to 
Congress from that State in 1843; died at Macon, Ga., in 1849. 

Walkee An'DEEsois' — Of Orange county. Judge and Navy 
Agent. 

William Betsox — Of Barke county. Judge in Florida, 

Epheaim H. Foestee — Of Franklin county. Senator from 
Tennessee. 

Wm. E. Johjstsojs" — Of Warren county; a prominent politician 
of Virginia, and many years a member of her General Assembly. 

Dillon Joedak" — Of Cumberland county, Judge in Florid; 

John E. McElmoee — Native of Halifax, moved to Ten- 
nessee. 



114 PEOMINENT NOliTlI CAEOLmiANS. 



Benj. McCullock — Amative of Halifax, moved to Texas. 

Wm. D. Mosely — Bora in Lenoir county: Seuator in N. C. 
Legislature; moved to Florida, and was Governor of that State 
from 1845 to 1849. 

Col, Bexjamik Hawkii>7S— Was born in Bate county (now 
Warren) in 1754, was an officer during the Eevolationary war. 
served several terms as a member of Congress; was appointed a 
commissioner to treat with the Cherokees and all other Indians 
«outh of them, and died in 1816, 

C. C, Cambeeling — Was born in Beaufort county; moved to 
New York; was a member of Congress from that State from 
1821 to 1839, and subsequently was appointed Minister to 
Eussia, 

John K. Steele — Was born in Salisbury, N, C, in 1792 
went to New Hampshire and was elected in 1844 Governor of 
that State. 

Joseph Laxe — Was born in Buncombe county in 1812; 
moved to Indiana; was in command o! a regiment in the Mexi- 
can war; promoted for his bravery to the office of Major G-eneral, 
app inted Goveru')r of" Oregon in 1848, and elected delegate to 
t'le 33nd; 33d i. ' ' sessions of Gcngres's, ;incl in 1859 elected 
Senator; was a candidate for the Vice Pregidency in 1801.. re" 
ceiving the vote of North Carolina included in the 72 electoial 
votes g-iven for the ticket of Breckenridge and Lane. 

EoBEKT Pottee — Was born in Granville county; served as 
Midshipman in the IJ, S. Navy; was elected to Congress in 1829; 
moved to Texas, where he was appointed Secretary of the Navj 
in that Republic. 

Daniel Turner — Was born in Warren county; served in the 
army in 1814; member of the N, C, Legislature and also mem- 
ber of Congress in 1827; moved to California, where he held the 
position of Navy Agent. 

JoKN H. Wheeler — Was born in Murfreesboro; served in 
the Legislature of North Carolina from 1827 to 1830 from his 
native county, and again in 1852 from Lincoln, Catawba and 
Gaston; was public Treasurer in 1842. He movsd to Washing- 



DISTmGUISHED DIVINES. 115 



toD, D. C, and in 1855 was appointed Minister to Nicaragua 
Central America, distinguislied as a North Carolina Historian. 

AsBUEY DiCKEJS!"S — Was born in Person county; was chief 
clerk of the United States Senate in 18i5. 

James Williamson— Was born in Person county; member of 
the Legislature and afterwards Sjieaker of the House of Eepre- 
^entatives in Tennessee. 

Da^stiel M. BAE.mjSTGER — Was a membsr of Congress from 
North Carolina, afterwards Speaker of the House of Represen- 
tatives of Tennessee. 

JoHiS' Beajstch — Was Governor of North Carolina; Secretary 
of the Navy and Governor of the Territory of Florida. 

JoHK L. PEXiTi^srGTOJsr — Was born in Wake county; moved 
to Alabama; was a member of the Senate of tluit State; Gov- 
ernor of the Territory of Dakota, and now Internal Eevenue 
Oollector of that State. 

Geoegb W. Eeeves — Is a native of Orange county, (a tailor) 
aftervi^ards Judge in Tennessee. 

JoHisr L. T. Skeed — A native of Wake; Attorney General of 
Tennessee, and a Judge in that State. 

^YM. S. MuLLiisrs — ('Fas born in Fayetteville; moved to South 
Carolina; was Senator in the Le_i,islature of that State, and at 
one time president of the irilmiwgton and ]\Taiichestcr Railroad. 

James Gkast — Is a native of Raleigh; now a Judge and dis- 
tinguished citizen Oj! Iowa. 

Col. Alexander Haeeis — Of Gruiville, mo^-ed to Phila- 
delphia and became collector of that port. 

DISriNGUISHED DIVINES. 

Rt. Rev. Thomas Fisedesick D.AlVis— Was born in New 
Hanover count}', removed to Sou!:h Caro.inu, and was chosen. 
Bishop of the Protestant EpisoOj^).;! Chiuvli :.or that diocese, 
which office he filled until Lis death. 

Rt. Rev. John Waters Beck with — T/as born in Raleia-h 
N. C, and is now Bishop of the Protestai:'' Episcopal Church 
in Georii'ia. 



116 DISTINGUISHED DR'INES. 



Rt. Eev. Wm. Mercer GREEisr — Was born in Wilmington, 
]Sr. C. ; lield a Professorship in the North Carolina University; 
reniOYed to Mississippi, anrl is now Bishop of that diocese. 

Rt. Rev. Cicero L. Hawks — Was horn in North Carolina,^ 
and afterwards became Bishop of Mississippi. 

Rev. Frances L. Hawks — Was born in Newbern; moved to 
Mississippi, and was elected Bishop of that State, and after- 
wards of Rhode Island, both of which offices he declined. He 
died in New York in 1866. 

Et. Rev. Leonidas Polk — Was born in Raleigh, N. C.,'-in 
1806; removed to Louisiana, and in 1841 was made Bishop of 
that State, In 1861 he was appointed Major G-eneral in the 
Confederate army, and was killed near Marietta, Ga. 

Rev. Wm. Martiis^ — Was born in Lincoln county; was once- 
President of Columbia Female College in Columbia, S. C, and 
is now Presiding Elder in the South Carolina Conference. 

Rev. 0. P. Fitzgerald — Is a native of Caswell county, and 
is now Editor of the Nashville Christian Advocate of Tennessee- 

Rev. Edward Wadsworth — Is an eminent minister of the- 

Methodist Church in Alabama, and is a native of Newbern,, 

N. C. 

Rev. Allen G. Andrews, D.D. — Was born in Randolph 

county; he moved to Alaban\a and became President of the 
Southern University at Greensboro, in that State. Has occu- 
pied a prominent position as member of the General Conferences. 

Rev. Lovick Pierce, D.D.^Was born in Halifax county, 
N. C, moved to South Carolina; is now in Georgia; has been 
an active minister for 74 years, and is now in his 94th year. 
He is, probably, the oldest preacher living. 

Rev. Smith W. Moore, D.D. — Was born in Stokes county, 
N. C; moved to Tennessee, and is now pastor of Brownsville 
Station, of Memi3his Conference. 

Bishop Robert Paixe, D.D. — Was born in Person county, 
N. C; moved to Tennessee, thence to Alabama, and now re- 
sides in Mississippi. He is the senior Bishop of the M. E. 
Church, South. 

Rev. S. Lander, D.D. — Was born in Lincoln countv; was 



DISTINGUISHED DWINES. 117 



President of DaA'enport Female College, N". C; is now a mem- 
ber of the South Carolina Conference and President of William- 
ston Female College, S. C. 

Rev, Albeet M. Shipp, D.D. — Was born in Lincoln connty; 
was President of Greensboro Female College, afterwai^ds a Pro- 
fessor in the UniYcrsity of North Carolina. He moved to South 
Carolina, became President of Wofford College, at Spartanburg, 
and is now a Professor in the Vanderbilt University at Nash- 
ville, Tennessee. 

Rev. John" Ellis Edwards, D.D. — Was born in Guilford 
connty, N. C; moved to Virginia, afterwards returned to North 
Carolina, v/liere, as pastor, he served several chnrches in the 
State. He is now in Richmond, Va., and is well known as an 
author. 

Rev. Du:N'CAi>r Browk', D.D. — Was born in Bladen county, 
(now Robeson,) moved to Tennessee in 1810, was in the min- 
istry 60 years, and died in Maury county, Tenn., about 1862. 

Rev. James W. McLajste, D.D. — Was born in Rowan county; 
m.oved west with his father in early life, and was subsequently 
-employed by the American Bible Society in the revision and 
collation of editions of the Bible. 

Rev. Moses Waddell, D.D. — Was born in Iredell county, 
(then Rowan); preached and taught school at various places in 
.the South. 

■ Rev. JoHi^ M. WiLSOi^ — Was born in Mecklenburg county; 
moved to Missouri, thence to Texas, where he now resides. 

Rev. Ai^"DREW Flix:n", D.D. — Was b(^rn in Mecklenburg 
■county; and was for a long time a prominent minister in South 
Carolina. 

Rev. Wm. H. Barr, D.D. — Was born in Rowan county, and 
moved to Abbeville, South Carolina. 

Rev. J. M. M. Caldwell— AVas born in Mecklenburg county; 
moved to Rome, Ga., where he noAv resides. 

Rev. Cyrus K. Caldwell— Graduated at Davidson College; 
3310 ved to Te;inessee. 

Rev. J. L. iliRKPATRiCK, D.D. — Now a Professor at Wash- 



118 DISTINGUISHED DIVINES. 



ington and Lee University, Lexington, Va., and at one time 
President of Davidson College, is a native of Mecklenbnrg 
county. 

Key. Silas M. Andrews — Was born in Eowan county, and 
is now living at Doylestown, Pa. 

Eev. Eva>^der McNair — A native of Robeson county, is 
now a prominent mj"istcr in Texas. 

Rev. Robert J. Hall — AYas born in Iredell county, moved 
to Oxford, Ohio. 

Rev. Robert Hall (uncle of the above) was born in Iredell 
oounty, moved to Greenville, Tennessee. 

Rev. Thomas J. Hall — Was born in Iredell county and 
moved to Tennessee. 

Rev. Wm. A. Hall — Was born in Iredell county, and moved 
to Tennessee where he died in 1877. 

Rev. Junius B. King — A native of North Carolina, moved 
to Alabama, and died near Selma. 

Rev. James Morrison — Was born in Cabarrus county, moved 
to Virginia. 

Rev. James 0. Stedman, D. D. — Is a native of Fayetteville, 
N. C, moved to Tennessee, thence to Alabama— Agent of thfr 
Board of Education. 

Rev. S. B. Wilson, D. D., — Was born in Lincoln county, 
and moved to Virginia. 

Rev. Richard H. King. — Was born in Iredell county, mov- 
ed to Tennessee, he was a man of wonderful intellect. 

Rev. Thomas P. Johnston — Was born in'Rowan county, was 
the first foreign missionary from the Synod of North Carolina 
wen L to Asia Miner, thence to SmjTna, noAV living in Connec- 
ticut. 

Rey. Robert A. Johnston — Was born in Rowan county,, 
moved to Kentiiclcy. 

Rev. James McE. H. Adams — Was born in Lincoln county, 
moved to Yorkville, South Carolina, where he had charge of 
a Female Academy. 

Rev. Hugh Wilson — Was born in Iredell, was a missionary 



EMINENT PHYSICIANS. 119 



to tlie Choctaw, and afterwards the Chickasaw Indians, died in 
Texas. 

Kev. L. F. Wilson — Was born in Iredell county, moved to the 
Talley of Virginia. 

Ebv. Wm. Thomas Hall, D. D., — Was born in Rowan coun- 
ty, moved to Mississippi thence to Virginia. 

Eev. James H. McNeill — Was born in Fayetteville, N. C, 
was Secretary of the American Bible Society, N. J., and at the 
opening of the war joined the confederate army, was made 
Colonel; was killed in Virginia. 

Rev. Jesse Mercer, D. D. — Was born in Halifax county, 
moved to Macon, Georgia. 

Rey. Silas Mercer — Was born in Halifax county, and mov- 
ed to Georgia. 

Rev. Wm. T. Brantly, D. D. — Was born in Chatham coun- 
ty, moved to South Carolina. 

Rev. Basil Mayly, D. D. — A native of Chatham county, 
moved to Alabama. 

Rev. JoHi!}" KeRR — W^as born in Person county, and moved 
to Richmond, Virginia. 

Rev. R. B. C. Howell, D. D. — Was born in Wayne county, 
afterwards a resident of Virginia and Tennessee. 

Rev. a. M. Poindbxter, D. D. — Was born in Bertie county, 
moved to Virginia. 

Rev. James Mims — ^Was born in Cumberland county, moved 
to South Carolina. 

Rev. Iversox L. Brooks, D. D. — Was born in Caswell coun- 
ty, moved to South Carolina. 

Rev. Matthev/ Tyso:m Yates — Was born in Wake county, 
and forty for thirty jqc.tj. was a mis3ionary in China. 

E-MI2TENT PKYSICIAlSrS. 

"Or. I). 11. Wallace — Superintendent of Texas Insane 
Asylum. 

William T. Howard- — Prof, of Diseases of Women and Chil- 
dren University of Maryland, Baltimore. 



120 PHYSIOGEAPHIC DESCRIPTION. 



M. J. deRossrtt — Formerly Professor of Cliemistry, and ad- 
junct Professor in the University of Maryland. Baltimore, now 
residing in New YorK, and consulting Ophthalmic Surgeon to 
St. Elizabeth Hospital, New York; one of the Editors of the 
North Carolina Medical Journal. 

Peof. Edward Warren (Bey)— Now residing in Paris, was 
horn in Tyrrell in 1828. 

Dr. W. H. Beattt— Now of Mobile, Alabama. He was a 
delegate of his adopted city to the Publishing House Associa- 
tion, Cold Springs, New York. 

Dr, McPheeters — Now dead, lately resident of St. Louis. 

Dr. E. D TiH"]srEE — Now dead, long a resident of New Orleans. 



CHARTEE I. 
PHYSIOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION. 

BT W. C. KERR, STATE GEOLOGIST. 
SITUATIOISr. 

North Carolina is situated on the Atlantic slope of the great 
Appalachian chain of mountaius, which traverses the North 
American continent in a Northeast and Southwest direction from 
Canada to Oeorgia. 

Its territory lies between the parrellels 34*^ and 361° North 
latitude, midway between New York and the Grulf of Mexico, 
the latitude being that of Soutliern Spain, and between the meri- 
dians 75-3-*^ and 84^-'^ west longitude. 

EXTENT. 

The State has a coast line of more than 200 miles, and a 
length, from east to west, of 485 miles. 

Its Area is 50,704 square miles, which is a little greater than 
that of New York, and almost exactly that of Enndgla. 



PHYSIOCtEAPHIC description. 121 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 

The State is naturally divided into three distinct and well 
characterized regions, east, middle and west. The latter, or 

The Western Division is quite mountainous, and is about one- 
fifth of the area of the State, (10,000 square miles,) and consists 
for the most part of a narrow plateau, whose elevatihn is 2,000 
to 3,000 feet above the sea, lying in a northeast and southwest 
direction, between two parallel ranges of the Appalachians, the 
Blue Eidge and the Smoky Mountains; its length being more 
than two hundred miles, and breadth from 30 to 50 miles. 

Mountains. This plateau is not only the most elevated region 
of the United States east of the Mississippi River, but is the cul- 
minating region of the Appalachian system, and contains its 
highest peaks and most massive spurs, the Black Mountain in 
this State being some 400 feet higher than Mt. Washington in 
New Hampshire. 

It is traversed also by half a dozen cross chains, which are 
higher and more massive than the principal ranges above men- 
tioned. Many of these mountains are more than 6,000 feet, and 
a number reach nearly 7,000; the Black is 6,700, and the Smoky 
6,660 feet; Mt. Washington, ¥. H., 6,288. The plateau is sub. 
divided therefoie into a number of smaller plateaus or basins, 
bounded on all sides by mountains, and each having its own in- 
dependent drainage system. The Blue Eidge, which bounds 
this plateau eastward, separates it from the 

Middle Region of the State, which may also be described as a 
low plateau, whose western side has an elevation at the foot of 
the Blue Eidge of 1,000 to 1,200 feet, and is roughened 
by many spurs of that chain two and three thousand feet high, 
and many of them 20 and 30 miles long. This region descends 
very gradually towards the east, preserving an elevation of 600 
to 800 feet for 150 miles, constituting the piedmont and hill 
country of the State, and having an eastward extent of more 
than 200 miles, and an area of more than 20,000 square 
miles. 

The Eastern SecMon, which lies on the seaboard and extends 



122 PHYSI0G9:iAPHIC DESCRIPTION. 



inland 120 to 150 miles, is for the most part comparatively level, 
or but little rolling and hilly towards the west, and is about 
equal in area to the last, containing about 20,000 square miles 
of territory. This region is diversified by many Sounds, Bayi 
and Lahes, communicating with its many large navigable rivers 
and constituting, with the connecting canals, an extensive sys- 
tem of water communication with the eastern and middle sec- 
tions of the State. 

The reliefs of the surface of the different regions can be readily 
understood by reference to the accompanying physiographic 
map ftnd profile; the gradual rise from the coast to one hun" 
dred feet at an average distance of 75 miles from it; the some- 
what more rapid ino'ease of altitudge, which brings the surface 
to 200 hundred feet of elevation within the next 50 miles; and 
at the same time the increased irregularity in the varying course 
of the relief lines; the persistent acceleration in the rise of the 
land in the piedmont region, the sudden sweep upward, of the 
great escarioment of the Blue Ridge, of more than 1,500 feet; 
and the gradual descent of the mountain plateau from the Blue 
Ridge toward the west, (its average elevation exceeding 2,500 
feet) wliile the mountains continue to increase in height, quite 
to the extreme boundary, in the Great Smoky Range. 

There are several smaller plateaus that (having an extent of 
some hundr(?ds of square miles), rise to an altitude of 3000 to 
4000 feet; the most extensive of these foi-ms the base of the lofty 
ragged ridge of the Grandfather, in Mitchell and Watauga 
counties. 

Rivers. There are seven large rivers, flowing east (to south- 
east) through the middle and easteiii divisions of the State, be- 
sides numoroa.-^ smaller streams, which furnish indefinite water 
power through the middle section; and in the eastern, together 
with the bays and sounds, they give an aggregate of more than 
1,000 miles of inland navigation. 

West of the Blue Ridge there are seven other large rivers, 
which flow westward into the Ohio and Mississippi, the largest 
of these being the great Tennessee, which is navigable from the 



PHYSIOGRAPHIC DESCPJPTION. 12t 



western boundary of this State for a thousand miles to the Mis- 
sissippi. 

The Boanohe, one of the largest of these rivers, which rises a 
little the north of the boundary of this State and wanders along 
its northern borders, for the most part on this side of it, in a 
general easterly conrse, is navigable to Weldon, nearly 100 miles 
from its mouth. By a system of locks and dams its navigable 
length v/as at one time more than doubled, reaching to Danville, 
and many long stretches of it, both above and below that place 
have always been beatable. 

Tai' River is navigable to Tarboro, 110 miles from the sound_ 

Neuse River is navigable to Goldsboro. above 100 miles from 
the sound, and with little difficulty to Smithfield, some 30 miles 
further. 

Ca^Je Fear River is navigable to Fayetteville, 140 miles ; and 
slack water navigation was established more than 100 miles 
further a few years ago, about one half of which has been r«- 
cently re-opened. This brings water transportation half way 
from the Atlantic to the Blue Ridge, and within 115 miles of 
it, in a direct course; and by the completion of a single missing- 
link of railroad connection of 50 miles, the head of navigation 
on this river will be connected with the railroad systems of Ten- 
.nessee and Virginia and with the great Ohio Valley and the 
Northwest. These last three rivers rise in the middle region of 
the State, and have a southeast course, wholly within its ter- 
ritory. 

The Yadhin and Catawba Rivers, like the Roanoke, take their 
rise in the Blue Ridge, and flow eastward (and a little north), 
but only about one half their course, then making a right angle 
turn they take a direction nearly south into the territory of 
South Carolina. Both these rivers have many beatable reaches, 
of considerable extent, and some sixty years ago both were im- 
proved so as to connect these navigable portions, and were used 
for some years as highways of commerce, almost to the foot of 
the Blue Ridge. 

Broad River, although it attains considerable volume by the 



124 PHYSIOGEAPHIO DESCRIPTION. 



confluence of many large tributaries within the borders of the 
State, very quickly crosses the border into South Carolina. 

There are many other riyers, some of them tributaries of those 
already described, which attain considerable volume, some of 
them, indeed, (in the eastern section), broad and navigable 
streams, the Chowan, for example, navigable beyond our terri- 
tory, a?ad Pungo, and Alligator, and New River, and North 
East Cap^Fear, and Black River, and Waccamaw, and Lumber 
River (Little-^ Peedee), and many others of less importance. 
Beyond the Blue Ridge the rivers all flow northwest to the 
Mississippi, except New River, which leaves the State in a 
northeast course, reaching the Mississippi by way of the Ohio. 

Water Poivers. The force developed by the fall of these 
streams from the table lands and plateaus to the sea, aggregates 
more than three million horse poivers, exceeding that of all the 
steam engines of Great Britain or of the United States. 

The Roanoke, for example, at a point some 50 miles above 
Weldon developes a force of more than 300 horse powers per 
foot of fall, and there is a fall of 100 feet from Gaston to 
Weldon. 

The Yadkin measures also (near Salisbury) almost 300 horse 
powers per foot, and taking that part of its course from Wilkes- 
boro to the State line, aggregates not less than 250,000 horse 
powers, ecpial to 10,000,000 spindles. The Catawba (near 
Hickory) gives nearly 250 horse powers per foot, and an aggre- 
gate, this side of the State line of 175,000. And the Cape Fear 
gives an aggregate of upwards of 125,000. Beyond the Blue 
Ridge many of the rivers, of equal volume and much more 
ra]3id descent, give much larger aggregates within shorter dis- 
tances. The French Broad, for example, from Asliville to the 
State line gives not less than 120,000 horse powers within a 
course of 50 miles; and the Nolechucky (Toe) exceeds that con- 
siderably. 

Bailroads. There are more than 1,200 miles of railroad al- 
ready built, and several hundred more projected, which will be 
completed in a few j-ears. The completed lines are indicated 
on the map. 



PHYSIOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION. 125 



Secqwrts. Wilmington, Beaufort and Newborn are tlie prin- 
cipal shipping points witliin tlie State ; and Norfolk, near tlie 
northern border, derives a large part of its business from this 
State. 

GEOLOGY. 

The geological structure of the State is very simple, the form- 
ations being arranged in zones parallel to'Jthe dominant moun- 
tain system, and to the Atlantic coast, and belonging almost 
entirely to two systems or ages, the Primary or ArciKxan and 
Quaternary; the Secondary being represented only by two small 
and narrow troughs of Triassic in: the middle region, and a fev/ 
linear outcrops of Cretaceous and Tertiary near the coast, ap- 
pearing through the thin covering of the Quaternary , mostly 
along the streams. 

The Arclicean Rochs, which occupy the western and middle 
regions, consist of granites, gneisses and schists, of the Lauren- 
tian formation, with occasional narrow belts of Huronian slates, 
sandstones, limestones and quartzites ; the most extensive of 
these belts being 20 to 30 miles wide, and lying quite across the 
State near the eastern margin of the middle region. 

The Quaternary occupies the eastern champaign section, and 
consists mainly of beds of uncompacted clays, sands and gravels. 
The underlying Tertiary, belonging to the lower and middle 
divisions, (Eocene and Miocene,) are everywhere filled with 
exuvia3 and bones of marine animals, constituting an inexhaust- 
ible resource of manurial matter, in the form of marl. 

MI2TERALS. 

Are found in great variety and abundance over a large part of 
the State. Among the more useful and important, are the fol- 
lowing : Marl, Iron, Coal, Peat, Limestone, Gold, Copper, 
Silver, Lead, Zinc, Mica, Graphite and Corundum; besides 
Manganese, Kaolin, Fireclay, Talc, Pyrophyllito, Whetstone, 
Grindstone and Millstone grits, a great variety of building stones. 



13G PHYSIOGliAPHIC DESCRIPTION. 



Serpentin), MarUe, Chromic Iron, Barytes, Oil Shales, Bulir- 
stone, Roofing Slates and several precious stones, as Dianiond, 
Agate, Garnet, Sajjphire, Ruby, Beryl and Amethyst. 

Marl is found only in the eastern region, but is very abund- 
ant in some 25 counties, occurring in extensive bods, wliicli 
contain all the elements of a complete and permanent fertilizer, 
an occasional dressing, (once in 15 or 20 years,) being suiiicient 
to render a poor soil permanently productive. 1'his is the most 
valuable mineral in the State, as it is easily accessible to more 
than half of its farming lands, and is applicable to all crops. 

Iron. The State contains a vast quautity of iron ore of every 
variety, distributed over a very v/ide area from the head of nav- 
igation on the Roanoke, for example, for nearly four hundred 
miles westward, to the extreme limit of the State, being found 
in workable cpiantities in not less than 30 counties. But a more 
important fact than the variety or tha abundance, or the wide 
distribution of these ores is the remarkable j)urity of many of 
the deposits. Iron has been smelted for a hundred years in the 
middle and western counties, both in forge.-; and furnaces ; but 
only in quantities sufficient for iieigiiborhood consumption. 
Much of this iron, though so rudely prepared, is equal to the 
best Swede, being of course, like that, reduced with chareoai. 
The most abundant kind of ore is Magnetite, and most of the 
iron hitherto manufactured in the State has been made of it ; 
but Red Hematite is scarcely less abundant, and Limonite is 
very common. Two kinds of carbonaceous ore occlir in associ- 
ation with the coal, viz : the Scotch Black Band and Ball ore, 
(calcareous siderite). Many of the beds of the two former ores. 
Magnetite and Red Hematite, are entirely free from both Sul- 
phur and Phosphorus ; some of them contain Manganese, others 
Titanic Acid, and still others both of these minerals, together 
-with a small percentage of Chromium. Such deposits in such 
quantities and of such purity, remain undeveloped only becaus 
occurring in a region heretofore little accessible, and wholly de- 
Toted to agriculture. But their high value for the manufacturt 
of the best kinds of cutlery steel, and for the Bessemer rail is 
bringing them prominently into notice and demand. A r«- 



PHYSIOGRAPHIC DESOEIPTION. 12t 



ference to the map will give a general yiew of the wide distri- 
bution of these orbs. 

Coal. The coal of this State is of Triassic age^ mostly bitum- 
inous; is a good smith and gas coal, and is also well adapted to 
iron smelting, when coked. There are two coal beds, both in the 
middle region, one on Deep River, mostly in Chatham county, 
the other on Dan River, (upper waters of the Roanoke,) in 
Rockingham and Stokes counties. The thickness of the Vv'ork- 
able seams ranges from 3 to 7^ feet. The outcrops are resj)eo- 
tively estimated at about 30 and 40 miles, and the probable 
breadth at about 3 miles in one case and 1 to 2 in the other. 
Both of these coal beds are in immediately proximity to some 
of the most extensive and valuable iron are deposits in the State, 
and on navigable streams. Their position is indicated on the 
map. 

Feat exists in very large quantities, (several hundred square 
miles in area and many feet thick,) in the counties near the 
seaboard. It is used extensively as a fertilizer by the best far- 
mers, and will d_ouptless some da-y be of great value for fuel. 

Limestone, though not abundant in the State, is found in more 
than 20 counties; some of them in the eastern, some in the mid- 
dle, and some in the v/estern region. That in the east is of Eocene 
age and is a shell conglomerate, valuable both for building pur- 
poses and for the manufacture of lime. The limestones of the 
middle and western regions are of Huronian (Pre-Silurian) age, 
and are frequently crystalline, and in several counties consti- 
tute a very good marble, in Cherokee and Macon especially, 
whore are found several fine varieties and colors of this stone, 
white, black, grey, red, flesh-colored, banded and mottled. 

Gold is very widely distributed through the older rocks of the 
middle and western sections, being found in workable quantities 
in 29 counties, as shown on the map. The first gold mines in 
the United States were found here about 1820, and they were 
wrought on a very large scale until 1847, yielding many millions 
of dollars. There has been comparatively little done in these 
mines since the discovery of the California deposits, although a 
aumber of mines are still wrought from Halifax o Cherokee. 



128 PHYSIOGEAPHIC DESCEIPTION. 



The mineral is found in yarions gaugues, besides the fr«e gold 
of the drift or gravel beds, chiefly in quartz, quartzitic slates 
and conglomerates, chloriticand talcose slates, felspathic slates, 
limestone and gneiss. Before the discovery of the Calif ornia -de- 
]30sits, the largest nngget in the world had been obtained from this 
State, (Cabarrus county,) weighing 28 pounds. 

Silver, Lead and Zmc have been mined to some extent for 
more than 30 years in middle region, chiefly in Davidson coun- 
ty, at Silver Hill and the neighboring mines, and recently they 
have been discovered in several of the western counties. 

Copper has been found in more than a dozen counties, and a 
large number of mines have been opened in the last 20 years 
throughout the middle and mountain regions, and were 
wrought quite extensively before the war. Four or five of 
themhave been re-openened since, and one, Ore Knob in Ashe 
county, has been put in operation on a large scale. 
Its ores occur in rocks of both Laurentian and Huro- 
nian age, chiefly in a gangue of quartz, but also in horn, 
blende slate, syenite and tremolite, and in talcose slates. Most 
of the gold veins of the State cont?in copper in large part, and 
some of the mines of copper were first opened as gold mines. 
It exists mostly in the form of copper pyrites, although the 
other common ores are of frequent occurrence. 

Mica. A great many mines of this mineral have been opened 
in the last 6 or S years, in some of the western counties of the 
State, in the Areh^an rocks. It is found in ledges (veins) of 
very course granite. Many of the plates of Mica are of remark- 
able size, reaching 3 and even 4 feet in diameter. It is used 
chiefly in the manufacture of stoves, and the mining of it is a 
very profitable and rapidly growing industry. 

Grapliite is very abundant in the State, both in the middle 
and west, existing chiefly in large bedded veins, generally more 
or less earthy and slaty, but occasionly quite pure and crystal- 
line. It has been wrought on a large scale at several points. 
One vein, a few miles from the Capital, is one of the most ex. 
tensive known, having been traced 15 miles. 

Corundum has been found in large quantities in several coun- 



PHYSIOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION. 129 



ties on both sides of the Blue Ridge, and is now extensively mined. 
Several rubies and sapphires have been obtained, and among them 
a ruby crystal of 312 pounds, which is in the cabinet ot .iaiherst 
College Mass. The principal use of this mineral however, ic in the 
manufacture of the better kinds of emery, for which purpose it 
has no equal. 

Olirotnic Iron is of common occurrrnce in the same region. 

Ma.iigavpse. Several veins of the Black Oxide, of considera- 
ble extent have been found. 

Barytes is found in large veins in the western and middle 
counties, and is exported to the Northern States, to be used, 
among other things, in the manufacture of paints as a substitute, 
in part or whole, for the lead carbonate. 

Building stones, granite, marble and 'Sandstone abound ever}^- 

where. y 

Half a dozen Diamonds have been found accidentally in i^ 
washing gold gravels, some of them of considerable value. 

Oil Shales exist in great thickness in connection with the coal 
beds and yield a large per centage of oil. 

The other minerals mentioned are of common occurrence. 

Of mineralogical species there is a larger number found in 
this State than in any other of the United States. 

CLIMATE. 

By reference to the isotherms on the map, it will be seen that 
the climate of North Carolina corresponds to that of northern 
middle Italy and southern and middle France, being tempered oii 
one side by the Atlantic ocean and on the other by the high peaks 
and table lands of the Appalachian mountains. And as the 
State has so great a length from east to west, as well as so con- 
siderable an elevation in one part (3,000 and 4,000|feet,) the 
range of climate is very great, from suUroiiical on the coast, 
Avithm the influence of the Gulf Stieam, to cold temperate on 
the tablelands of the west. The isothermal in the one case, (at 
Smithville, the extreme southeast,) being 66°, (that of Alexan- 
dria, in Egypt,) and in the other (at Boone, the hiarher Mouu- 

9 



130 PHY^lOGIiAPIC DESCRIPTION". 



tain plateau iu tlie west,) about 51^', which iy that of is'e\\^ 
York and of Paris, France ;tliat of tlie plateau about Grandfatlier 
mountain, 45^, which corresponds to Ontario, Canada, and Sas- 
catchcwan; the middle region falling under the line of GO'' 
which is that of IN'agasaki, (Japan,) Athens, Gibraltar. &c. 

The following tables of temperature, rainfall &c. , made out, 
from observations taken through a series of years in all parts of 
the State will show the range.- relations and general character of 
the climate better than any description. 



PHYSIOGrtAIMilU DESOIiirTION, 



131 



j_^ ^ -;^ -r -f — ! ":> -s -r ■>. ^H 'M '5' -^ \-^ Ti '->■ 



i><*.-j.-{:i;t J^v. -1-1-1-1 31^1 htj*.*; State 



JS f4- Oi — 1 ^ I 4- ^4- "^ — J — 1 -o -i c:; ■ — 4^ 4^ t4- 



Eastern 
Hectioii. 



Mil die 



^'I CO ZJl '^ :j1 i;D >i- C^ OS -JE -a C: Ci :?! 4^ :a3 00 



Western 
Section. 



; -:l DO CO -x? ^ ^ ':» oo -1 Oi Ci 



s^cio— im^^-^oMOOh 



: t>s — CO 00 -^ ( 






SOOtOOOOiCSOOOO^O^IJtOOOOO-JClC 



state . 



Eastern 
Sec ion. 



Middle 
Section. 



SOiOOOOOOOICi— ICCOD'DOC 



3-. 3i 0-, Western 
J -j= M I-. Section . 



I«lCO?OtOi;(:^J->jlP^O-a-HOCOOO 



:)OitO(— '^ocoOl:n-aoiV^co^r^ 
3 _ .K -I CO Oi w. n- ^0 — H-i cc tt.. V 



State. 



Eastern 
Section. 



Middle 



Western 






State. 



Eastern 



M'ddle 



^rf^-.-iCTi;i -*oiot*..to-4 5^ CO tiToto?::: I Section. 



= so '^ CO CO u^ CT V-. -J, West ern 
:— 01J-CJ00 3-.COCO Section. 



t?3 

-3 



132 PHYSIOGKAPHIO DESCRIPTIOK. 



■aoij»)es uja|S9^ ^^;::; 



^>Ci— <c:cccst~~oo-^coo»oooo-*?o^ 



•TT*^Il'^3Ln ^IIT^TMTIT 1 C. — C- O O: 0» tTS CI t— '**' f- OO OO O OO 00 "^ 



•uoni>^S n.t^^seg; 



— . r-i f-l C* (?« " « cw 



•ai^lS 



OS Oi O 1^ -<l^ 1 



* C^ 1— < c* C; 



•nouooy uao|S3AV rS^^S 



«DCCfMc^ocoocr. <Di— '3'Oit^c^c^O^cc; 






•uoui>»^S ludis^a I ^ 



i-Hr3<o:i— ooTr«c>?r^fr>lr;oocc■■Tf^«oc5COl^. 
r-( ci T— 1 1-* CO oi 



*9'48|i^ rHrH 



G<tir:croc^cooooc3<oo-^o «oi^0Q' 



,— ( 1-1 F-i CC G^ <>» - 



•uo[|ooy u.ii*4.s^AV 



P-, ,— , tH ^H I— 1 1— I r-i I— 1 I— 1 CCCC-rG^tCC 



uo[|'>^>t5 ^IPPIK 



rH 1— (rH]— ^,-H rH i—l *-( i— I CC i<l Tt^ G^ C 






•a^^4S 



1— (r-c^>— I'^icciwi^^r-'—wirtdOo 

T— I 1— II— It— (I— i rHn-n— II— ti— tC^tM-TjIc^CO 



2t 









« OS 
C 1 



PHYSIOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIOK 



MEAN HUMIDITY FOR THE YEAR 1878. 



J ui uiary. . 
February . 
March . . . 

April 

May 

June . . . . 

July 

August. . . 
September 
October . . 
Novembei- 
December 

Average. . 





- n- 


C pJ 


CD ^ 
C 


72 


64 


77 ' 




09 


71 


68 




67 


69 


58 


72 


66 


69 


59 


72 


68 


69 


73 


63 


69 


72 


64 


70 - 


72 


76 


75 


63 


76 


79 


65 


70 


75 


82 


68 


76 


74 


80 


69 


79 


66 


72 


62 


63 


73 


72 


69 


72 



70 



73 



70 



lU I'llYSIOGEAl'lilC i)E8CrjrTI0X. 



'^ 







h< Pi3 X ^ 


f5 a ^> ^ 


Xortlierly. 
Easterly. 
Southerly. 
Westerly, 


Kasterly. 
Southerly. 


ir^ 




CT. JT- -t. t- 


^ c: CC -t< 


ij cr. Ci t^ 


-X* CC t- c:s 

to ^ TO o 


5. 


•JBOA 


. :c c= -.o cc «- C-. in cc 


t— L:^»rr«c-*csCT;cc 
CNl'^r-iCCCC^i^C^'^ 


5i3^S3^ie 


ICtCCmu^i— '1— lOOO 
C<» f-l C^ C«» C^ ©* t?* G^ 








c 

^ 




-^ i CC . o ! c; i 

CO -C^ .CO -(M . 


-Tj< i (7* . i-n ■ -^ ■ 


CC * -^ ' CC • oo I 

,-C • )— t .1—1 -"^ • 




^^lOCCrJICOT^Ot^ 


=o3cc»»JO^-s 


CO I- CM !>* TtH CC OS CC 


CO-f«Ci-*^»J^»J^OO 


«o 


s 

■a 


i/t! ^ ire 1 CO ! ■» . 
cc • c^ - -.^t . cc . 


CC •'^ 't^ i— 1 • 
CC .IM ■<^< .CO ; 


CC . -t • CJ> .1—1 . 
-^ -C^ .r-1 .-Ttl . 


t- loo ^CO ^(M . 


^ 


oocc^t^ooTjii— (C;-<i< 


0;r-ICCC;COlM«DCC 


Oi » <M «0 £?4 r^ Ca OO 


i^cc^oicc'^'-<r- 
cc 




<3, 


N . -M . CC .CO . 


S3 :SS is? is : 


c^ .in -^H .-* ■ 

CC -co .CC .-* • 


tr5 . -:ti . oo "^ • 


'— --5^S- 




-:J<-J<CC00i-CO-rtH-rp 
1—1 r-1 r-f .-H 


i^cc^cLriooini— iirt 




3? 


CD .CC .G^ '.CO 1 
£M .C^ .CC -TTl . 


« -(M . CC .^ . 


Oi .rH . -yD . OO . 




^ 

^ 


.^^-T.x*^r^cc^ 


K-. ^ -r ^ r- ^ O - 


tc- CC CC '-C t- -r -fi c: 


11 . - 1- I- tC 1- ^ oc 


^ 


■o^a 




rN u^ .-■ -J CC ir: CC tc 


CC ir: ,-^ o O' ir. CC oo 


0<(M 3<*^^C^-^C^ 


= ■ 


AOSL 


^^^t^^irs-r,. ^ 


« CC ^ « .-1 ic: C-. :;o 


ccir; — — c:»f:-^oo 


•Mr- C^-^i— «3^ICSCC 


tS 


•^OO 


CC- rr .— ( cc I— 1 cc Th irt 


-t^ CC O CC >* T ^ L.C 


ccirt.— i':^^-tccinto 


CCt--Cv»CC'— <i-^OCC 




•|clds 


CCiJ?C<*CCCOCCCCCC 


CCirtcq^ncCtCi-ICC 


CC«Ci-HCC— CCCC-^ 


T^ — C^IC<I — r^C^T-< 


^ 


•.8nv 


C«iaCN CC COiCt CC 


CC -* CI -h 'i' lO CO o> 


c>it-i— iCCi— iic:-t*-r 


CCr-fC^— Gsl^«5S^ 


<>2 


•A'Tiii' 


tM ^i -— cc -^ *o -r CO 


T< — .— -f «o »- CJ — 1 


-«—---■- 


::•(»- '^» T— CC :m 00 .— 


•auiif 


>* -r c^ -M CC CC CO CC 


c-i-r^c^ccoc^^cQ 


^ -t^ ^ CC CC i:: ir. irt 


s^ .— ' >i CC CC rrt r- (>J 


;^ 


•vfEK 


— -rcvf -t"'r^i/:-pcc 


r-iCCCNO«mC->3< 


:>* LC ^ C<» CC -t ^ It 


c<t — cccc<MG<>o;c>» 


"'^• 


•naclv 


c^t-p.— ixcc:o-t-;p 


IM m .— CC CC OO CO CC 


.■^J -Tf ^ :>* CC uf -f CC 


'-Hr-'>t3^{MCC<NCC 




lIO-l-BK 


3^CC — >*G^tClOi3 


o^cc^-^-Ms^tr-iO-f 


'^^-p'— 1— 1>— ii-t-t^ 


;^^t— >j(MWCi^c: 


<-■ 


•A\<b<J[ 


xto — — -C^-tCClO 


CC as — ^ JJ 1--3 3-1 u-c 


Ot *- ^ .— 1 Ti Tf 3^ ^ 


Ol'— CCS^^^.— iC^CM 




X^aui- 


t— iTPrH-v^Ollf^CCtO 


—— — —-• 


i>< i."^ ^ 1— • 3^ -f -a* c; 


. — ^,,^^ 










S ii ^ > 


W K ^ .ss 






••.1J.VXS 


■.\(.)ij,.5as XSV.1 


\uij.oas I'iuaiK 


■.V01.1..K1S .l.ljiXAi 



PHYSIOrrPvAPinC DESCKTFTION. 



135 



COMPARATIVE TABLE OP MEAN TEMPKl^ATUREB. 




MnntLE Section ^' 



Udlcigh 

Orforcl 

Marseilles, France. 

Madvifl, Spjuii 

Florcuee, Italy.... 



E.-VSTEKN [SECT 

Cii.ri-ituck — 
Naples, Italy. 



W^jiTKHX Section 

AufvviUi' 

Bakrr.yrUle 

Paris. France 

ni i.jii. Frane(> 

Veuice, Italy 



.SmithrUle 

■\i.iliiii.. Alaltaiua 

N:iT<-liez, l\Iissisaiiipi- 

A U.St 'u, Texas 

Nicolo.-*], Sicily 

."> lexaiider, Egypt — 

.Tr'rusrtlem. Syria 

Nag-nsa.ki, Japan 



j;>>n„r- 

( 'niiiVii-irl.j-e Massa.chusetts. 

West I'oiiit. N. Y 

('1i!C;l^-o Illiiuns 

DuViiigiie. oliio 

B. rlin, Prussia 

Miinii'Ii, G-.'rniany 

Vienna. Austria 



58 
5S 
58 
5.) 

GO 
(50 
SO 

.iH 
51 
r.2 
51 
53 
55 

fi6 
6.5 

fi7 
64 
CT 
(53 
63 



6-1 
GT 
67 
68 
62 
66 
GO 
60 

47 

4!-: 
49 
45 
50 
47 



40 
40 
40 

45- 
44 

44 

44 
43 
48 

37 

8S 
36 
38 

35 



50 
52 
51 
49 
51 
58 

ro 

45 

32 
31 
30 
•26 



136 



PHYSIOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION. 



COMPAllATINE CLIMATE. 

Mean annual For the State raleigh, n. c. floeence, italy. 

temperature, 59*^ Far. tJU*-^ 59^ 

Summer " 75 76 75.- • 

Winter " 43 U 44 

Rainfall, 45 inches. 48 27 

eastern section. 



BEARUFORT, 27. C, 

63'' 

78 

46 



GENOA, ITALY. 
61^ 

75 
47 



SMITHVILLE, N. <\ MOBILE, ALA. 

(Sea Coast.) 



66'' 

80 

51 



66^ 
79 

52 



NICOLOSI, SICILY. 
C4^ 

79 
51 



WESTERN SP:CTI0N 



ASHEVILLE, N. C. VENICE, ITALY'. BORDEAUX, FhANCE. 

(In the mountains.) 

54° 55° 57° 

71 73 71 

38 38 43 

Thus it will be seen that the range of climate in the State is 
the same, as that from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada. The 
influence of ihis circn-nRtance is seen in the wide range of nat- 
ural and agrirultnrnl pi'o.hicts, from the Palmetto and Magno- 
lia GrandiHora to the White Pine, Hemlock and Balsam Fir, 
and from the sugar cane and rice to Canadian oats and buck- 
wheat. 

And wliilo tlie cold of winter is not severe. 10° of F. beins: 



PHYSIOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION. i:37 



rarely passed , except on the higher plateaus, the temperature 
of midsummer is not so excessive or trying as further north, 
in New York, for example. While there are hundreds of fatal 
cases of sunstroke every summer in New York and other north- 
ern cities, the disease is almost unkoAvn in North Carolina. 
And while, during a late winter of unusual severity, the ther- 
mometer several times dropped to 30° . and 35° and even 
40 degrees heJoiv zoro was reached but once, and only for a sin 
gle night. 

HeuWifulness. Malarial diseases occur in summer and autumn in 
the champaign country of the east and a hundred miles inland, 
chiefly along the river courses; not of a malignant type, however. 
]^ut the middle and mountain sections are remarkably salubri- 
ous, with the exception of a few restricted localities on sluggish 
streams, (just as in Iowa and on the upper Missouri.) By ref- 
erence to the sanitary department of the Census Report of 1870, 
it will be seen that one of the two or three most healthy locali- 
ties in the United States is found in the western part of North 
Cjirolina, m the Bhie Ridge region. And indeed it would be 
difficult to find a more salubrious climate in the world than the 
whole mountain section. 

The whole of this State is notably adapted to the culture of 
the gra])e and the manufacture of wine. The proof of this is, 
first, that a considerable number of the best American grapes 
originated within its territory, such as the Catawba, Lincoln, 
Isabella, Scuppernong, &c. ; second, the testimony of the best 
o1)serves and growers of the Ohio Valley, and of the whole coun- 
try; and third and chiefly, the success of the few intelligent ex- 
jieriments that have been made. And this opinion is confirmed 
l)y considerations of climate, Avhich are demonstrably known 
to control this industr}*. It was shown above that the larger 
p;)rt of this State corres}>onds in this important respect to mid- 
dle and northern Italy, and to middle and southern France. On 
this subject Hurabolt observes, (Cosmos), '"' we find that in or- 
der to procure potable wine it is requisite that the mean 
annual heat should exceed 49 that the winter temperature 



\ 



l'-8 PlIYSIOCiliAPHIC DESCIUPTIOX. 



oils, Avith the exception of a few restricted localities on slnggislL' 
Ptreanis, (just as in Iowa and on the upper Missouri.) By ref- 
erence to the sanitary department of the Census Report of 1870. 
it will be seen that one of the two or three most healthy locali- 
ties in the United States is found in the western part of North 
Carolina, m the Blue Ridge region. And indeed it would be 
difficult to find a more salubrious climate in the world tlian the- 
whole mountain section. 

FORESTS. 

It will be seen from the United States Census tables for IS^O, 
tliat of its 50,000 square miles of terj-itory, 40,000 are still cov- 
ered with forests. The nmge and variety of prevalent and 
characteristic species of growth, being of course proportioned to 
those of the climate and soil, are vei-y great. There in fact three 
well marked and broadly distisguislied forest regions, corres- 
ponding to and dependent upon tlie three geogi'aphical subdi- 
Tisions, eastern, middle und we.-tciii. Anu while the first sec- 
tion is characterized by a growth common in its prominent fea- 
tures to that in the Gulf States. ;is the long leaf pine, cypress, 
&c., the western or mountMin section connljiins many species 
familiar in the White .Vountfiins. jjud in New York. Among- 
the most distinctive, alnindjint iivd valuable species are the 
pines, oaks, hickories, cypress and juniper. 

Pines are the predominant orowtli of the eastern section. 
There are eight sucei ^ es in the S'ate. the most important being- 
the Longleaf, (Finns australis.) the Yellow, (Finns mitis,) and 
the White, (Finns strobus). Tlie longleaf pine is found only 
m the eastern or sea coast region: the yellow pine abounds 
throughout the State ; tlie white i)ine is limited to the moun- 
tain regions. 

Hie Longleaf Pine is the predominant growth of the eastern 
section of the State, and occupies almost exclusively a broad 
I'olt, quite across the State, and extending from near the coast 



PHYISIOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION'. 13'.; 



more than a hunrtved miles into the interior, covering a terri- 
tory of near 15,0UU sqnare miles. This is one of the most vain- 
able of all trees, on account of the number ami importance of 
the nses it su1:)seryes. It is shipped in tlie form of Inmber for 
civil and naval architecture to all parts of the world, and isnn- 
eqnalled for these purposes, on account of its strength and dur- 
ability. It yields the naval stores of commerce, known iu 
all parts of the world; the forests of this State furnishing tAvice 
as much as all the other States together. From the rosin of 
this tree is made the rosin-oil of commerce, and this substance 
also supplies the Southern towns with gas. 

The Yellow P/«e furnishes an important building timber in all 
joarts of the State. 

21ie White Fine is confined to the sjDurs and plateaus of the 
mountain region, being found in great al)undance in some coun- 
ties, and of great size, o feet and more' in diameter, and 100 to 
150 feet high. 

The other species are less widely distributed and less valuable, 
except the Pinus treda, which, in the eastern section, sometimes 
attains a great size, and furnishes an excellent building and shir> 
timber. 

The Oaks rank with the pines in value, and excel them iu va- 
riety of uses, number of species and extent of distribufion. While 
a single species of pine gives character to about one third of 
the forest area of the State, the oaks dominate not less than two- 
thirds. There are 20 species in the United States, all of theui 
found in North Carolina, ~wTtir~poss"i1jly one Tnsig-iilticaut excep- 
tion. Among these the most important are 

The White Oaks, of which ("Jiere are several species, the most: 
valuable, Quercus alba, Q. obtusiloba, (Post Oak,) and Q. pri- 
nus, forming extensive forests in all sections of the State. On 
account of their strength, durability and great abundHUce, their 
uses are important and manifold, both for domestic purposes 
and for export in the form of staves and ship timber. The ship- 
yards of Liverpool are already seeking their material in the for- 
ests of middle North Carolina. 

Several other species of oak are also of wide and varied use,.,. 



MO phy«io<;rapiiic description. 



chiefly the Red Oah, (Q. rubra,) Black Oa^•, (Q. tinctoria,) and 
iVillow Oah, (Q. phellos,) which are abundant throughout tho 
middle and western district, and otten grow to a very great sizf. 
Live Oak, (Q. vireus,) is found only in the seaboard region, 
whose valne in shi})- building is well known. 

Hickory. Of thif- tree there are 9 species in North Americ;), 
acid 7 of them are found in this State, and three species in uli 
parts of it, and in abundance, and ofLen of great size. But lit- 
tle use has hitherto been made of this tree, except as fuel and 
for wag-ons and handles ; but being one of the most dense, rigid, 
ilea vy and iron-like of our woods, it ha^ recently come into great 
•dtiaiand, and many large handle and spokp factories have been 
erected within a few years, whose products are shipped by mil- 
lions to Eui'ope, California, Australia and all mining countries 
especially. The fores':s of North Carolina will supply this 
world-wjde demand foi many years. 

Walnut exists in two species, one, tne common Black Walnut, 
(Juglans nigra,) throughout the State, but most abundantly in 
the middle and western district. It is the most popular and 
universally used cabinet wood in the United States, but is so 
common in the middle and western sections of this State that 
large farms are fenced with it. 

The Chestnut, (Castanea vesca,) is one of our largest forest 
trees, sometimes 10 feet in diameter and 80 to 90 feet high, 
found mostly and abundantly in the Piedmont and mountain re- 
. gious of the State, where it is much esteemed and used for fenc- 
ing on account of its great durability and facility of working. 
It is also valued for its abundant ci'op of fruit, which, with the 
-iLCorns of the oaks, is the principal dependence of the hog- raisers 
of the mountain counties. 

Poplar, (Liriodendron tulipifera,) is one of the largest and 
handsomest of our foi'est trees, and occurs in all parts of th^ 
^tate, attaining its greatest size in the mountains. It is much 
used for building and other domestic purposes as a substitute for 
pine, combining lightness and facility of working with rigidity 
a.na durabilitv. 



PHYSIOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIOJSr Ml 



Cypress, (Taxodium disticlium,) abounds iu the swamps- asd 
lowlands of the east, formiDgthe almost exclusive growth of seT- 
eral thousand square miles of territory. It grows to a gie-at 
size, the wood is very light, durable and much used for theniaB- 
ufacture of shingles, which are exported in immense numbers to 
all the Northern Atlantic ports. It is also used for building: 
purposes, and for staves and telegraph poles, water vessels, (§;c. 

Juniper, or White Cedar, {Cupressus thyoides,) is found in 
the same region, though not so abundant, and is used for the 
same purposes as the cypress, especially for shingles and cooper- 
work, for which it is even preferred, to the latter. 

Besides these are the Maple, (6 species,) Birch, (3 species,) 
Beech, Ash, (4 species,) Poplar, (3 species,) Elm, (3 species,) 
Mulberry, Sassafras, gum, (4 species,) Dogwood, Persimraoiij,. 
Holly, Locus, (2 species,) Sycamore, Linn, (Linden or Lime, % 
species,) Buckeye, (2 species,) Wild Cherry, Red Cedar, White 
Cedar, Magnolia, (7 species,) Willow, (4 species,) and others, of" 
various uses in domestic economy ; many of them valued as- 
shade and ornamental trees, a number of them much prized as 

Cahinet Woods; among which maybe mentioned ihQ Blstclr 
Walnut, already described, the Red Cedar, the Blade Birch or 
Mountain Mahogany and Wild Cherry, both of very ornamental 
grain, taking a high polish; and so also the Curly and Bird's 
Eye Maple J the Holly, a beautiful, close-grained, white wood». 
taking a brilliant polish. It will readily be imagined what Ta- 
riety, richness and beauty these numerous species, belonging tct 
so many and widely differing families of plants, must impart i& 
the forests, and what a vast mine of wealth they must become jb 
the near future. 



yoiLS. 



The soils of the eastern section are generally sandy and of motf- 
erate fertility, (with occasional ridges very sandy and sterile);- b«t- 
along the streams are wide bottoms, and stretching out manj- 
miles from the bays and sounds, immense level tracts of el'ayey 



142 POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIOX. 



loam of oreat depth and fertility, prodiicin;? 20 to 30 bushels of 
wheat, or a bale of cotton to the acre. And on the tiattish 
swells. Ijetvveen the mouths of the great rivers, and around the 
margins of the hikes vast tracts of swamp Iaiiii!«, covered with 
dense foi'ests, of a dark peaty soil of great depth and iiiexiiausti- 
ble fertility, producing the largest crops (50 to 75 bushels of 
corn) for iOO years m succession without manure. 

Ill the middle uud western districts, the region of predomi- 
.naut oak growth, tiie soils are of eveiy variety of composition, 
and every grade of fertility. They may be geijci-ally described 
iis clayey and gravelly loams, except the river bottoms, wtiich 
are ci;iyey and sandy loams. As these soils ai'e for the most part 
Ucrivuu Iroiii underlying granitic rocks by simple chemical de- 
composition, they are arranged in j)arallel northeasterly zones of 
fertile and poor soils, but all capible of indehnite improvement 
by uhe hand of intelligent husbandry. Tuis great variet> of 
-isoiici, together with the wide range oi climatic conditions, gives 
riae to the greatest variety of natural products, and lays the 
foundation for an immense range of agricultural productions. 
One remarkable feature of the tnouat:iin sjctiouis that the high- 
est ranges and peaks are covered with soil, and heavy forests 
■crown their highest summits and steep'^st declivities. 



1=*A.RT III. 



THE POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITION OF OXHl 

PEOPLE. 

The Constitional Grovernment of North Carolina is founded 
upon such principles of etpiity and justice as have commanded 
:the reverence and regard of its citizens. The history of no 
people perhaps shows a code of laws b itter suited to guard the 
porsonalright.fi of the citizen than that which constitutes its 



POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITION. U:i 



jilan of popular government. Hence the blessings of civil and 
reliirions libertv are nowhere else more firmly secured than ia 
Nortl] Carolina. 

Prefixed to its constitution is a declaration of rights in which 
is embodied all of the guarantees of liberty usually found in the 
constitutions of American States. The Government is divided 
into E\:ccntive,Legislative,and Judiciary Departments/with pro- 
per checks and balances to protect the people against oppres- 
sion and injustice. The allegiance of the State to the constitu- 
tion and government of the United States is affirmed and its 
rigiit to secede from the Union, is denied. Slavery and invol- 
untary servitude except for crime is abolislied. The payment 
of any debt or obligation incurred in the waragninst the United 
States or any claim for slaves lil)ercited by emancipation, is pro- 
hil)ited. Imprisonment for debt, except incase of fraud, is abol- 
ished and in no case is the suspension of ihe Mm of habeas cor- 
pus allowed by the State autlior'.ties. Eetroactive laws are for- 
bidden. The military is at all times subordinated to the civil 
authority. All male citizens ovr the age of 21 years are allow, 
ed to vote and hold office unless convicted of infamous crime. 
The Governor and Lieutenant Governor are elected by the people, 
for a term of four years. The Governor is ex-officio chairman 
of the Board of Education and of the Board of Agriculture, and 
Commander-in-Chief of the Militia forces of the State. He has 
no veto power. The Lieutenant Governor is ex-officio President of 
the Senate Branch of the General Assembly, and in the event of a 
vacancy in the office of Governor, he becomes invested with all 
the functions and powers of that position. The General Assem- 
bly consists of the House of Eepresentatives, which is composed of 
120 members^ and the Senate composed of 50 members chosen 
from Districts constituted according to population. The mem- 
bers of the General Assembly are chosen biennually by tlie poi)u- 
lar vote. 

The Secretary of State, the Treasuier, the Auditor, the Su- 
perintendent of Public Instruction, the Attorney General, all of 
wh'.mare elected by the people for four years, constitute a,a 
Advisory Board or Council to the Governor. 



]44 PHYSIOaRAPHIO DESCRIPTION, 



The Supreme Court — the tribunal of hist resort, is composed of 
three Judges, who are elected by the people for eight years There 
are nine Judicial Districts in the State for each of which a Judge 
is chosen by the popular vote of tlie State, who are in 
preside in the Districts successively; no Judge to })reside 
in one district oftener than once in four years. The General As- 
sembly has no power to deprive the Judicial Department of ;iny 
power or jurisdiction which rightfully belongs to it. 

The Justices of the Peace may be elected by the people or by 
the General Assembly, as that body may direct. At present, they 
are elected b]^ the General Assembly. 

TAXATION, 

In no one part of its form of government is its conservative 
character more conspiculously illustrated than by the safe guards 
established for the protection of property against excessive or 
unjust taxation. While the number of non-property holders- are 
largely in excess of those owinng property, and while the ballot 
1 ox shapes and directs the general policy of the State, yet there 
are proper and safe restrictions against unjust discriminations 
in taxation. All male citizens between the ages of 21 and 00 
years are required to pay a poll tax equal to the tax on $300 value 
of property, and all property is taxed according to its assessed 
cash value. Taxes for county purj)Oses are levied in the same 
numner, but both State and county taxation combined, cannot 
exceed for general purposes, two dollars onthe hundred dollars 
value; so that the tax on property cannot exceed 60?^ cents on 
the 1100 value, for both county and State purposes. Money and 
all credits must be taxed like other property. According to 
value. County taxation cannot be greater than double that of 
the State except by special authority of the General Assembly. 

NEW DEBTS, 

Until the bonds of the State shall beat par, the General 



POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITION. 145 



Assembl}^ cannot contract any new debt except ^o repel invasion 
or repress insurrection, or to supply a casual deficit, unless a 
.special tax is levied in the bill authorizing it. The credit of the 
State cannot be given to any person or corporation unless ap- 
proved by a vote of the people, except for the completion of such 
railroads, as were in an unfinished condition at the time of the 
adoption of the constitution in 18G8. 

MUNICIPAL CORPOBATIONS. 

It is made the duty of the General Assembly to restrict the 
power of towns, cities and other municipal corporations in levy- 
ing taxes or borrowing money, or incurring any obligation that 
will require the levying of taxes, except for necessary expen- 
ses, unless approved by a majority of the qualified voters of such 
corporation. 

EDUCATION. 

The constitution fully recognizes the duty of the State to pro- 
vide for the education of the people. The General Assembly is 
required to provide a general and uniform system of public 
schools, wherein tuition shall be free of charge to all children 
between the ages of six and tAventy one years. The white and 
colored children are to be taught in seperate schools. 

The State University is established and the General Assembly 
is commanded to provide that its benefits shall be extended as 
far as practicable to the youth of the State, free of charge. The 
General Assembly is likewise ordered to maintain, as soon as 
practicable in connection with the University, a Department of 
Agriculture, of mechanics, of mining, and of normal instruction. 
A reference to the chapter in this Hand Book on the Univer- 
sity, will show that a beginning has been made in carrying out 
these provisions. 

A permanent school fund is commanded to be provided. To 
this belongs net proceeds of the sale of swamp lands of this 

10 



I-IG POLITICAL xVXD SOCLVL COXDmOK 



State which may here 111'!, r be of gj-eat value. At least three 
fourtlisof all the jJolrUixcs are to be used for the sup])ort of the 
public schools, also all tines, penalties and forfeitures, and 
the proceeds of taxes specially levied by the fState orcountv, for 
this })ur})0se. 

The Homestead provisions of the Constitution are very liberal. 
Homesteads are allowed to die amount of ^lOUO value ar.d per- 
sonal property to the amount of $500. The homestead is not 
only exempt during life of owner, but after death during the 
minority of any of his children, and also during the widowhood 
of his wife. 

Married women retain all their real and personal property ex- 
empt from the debts of their husbands. Liens of mechanics and 
laborers for their Avork are required. 

PUjSriSlIME^fTS AlS^D CHARITIES. 

The death penalty is only inflicted for murder, arson, bur- 
glary and rape; the General Assembly having power to abolish 
it in all cases if deemed advisable. A Peniteatiary is to be 
built, and Houses of Correction are authorized. Corporal pun- 
ishment is abi)lished. The health and comfort of prisoners must 
be secured. Females and males cannot be confined together. 
Orphan houses. Asylums for the insane, and the deaf and dumb 
and the blind are to be establislied. Duelling or ch illenging to 
fight, subjects the offenders and their seconds to disqualification 
to hold office in the State. 

AMi:XIiMi:XTS 

To the Constitution can be made by a Convention of the peo- 
ple, which can only be called l\v a vote of the people after the 
question is submitted to them by two-thirds of all the members 



POLITICAL AND yOCUAL CONUFriON^. 147 



of each House of the General Assembly. The General xVssem- 
biy can aiso^ withouf" calling a Convention, alter the Constitu- 
tion, but only after a three-fifths vote of each House, and then 
submittin,2; the proposition to a vote of the people. It will thus 
be seen that hasty tampering with our fundamental law is pre- 
wented. 

THE RELATIONS OF THE RACES. 

The homogeneity of our white population, as will be seen Ijy 
reference to the census tables, is more perfect and unbroken 
than that of any State, or even of any organized territory in the 
Union. While, in this rushing age of progi'ess in which Scales 
and cities spring inco existence as if by magic, this fact may be 
presented as an evidence ol a want of enterprise, it is equally 
convenient and reliable as proof of that conservatism which en- 
sures domestic peace and tranquility, and which has ever distin- 
guished our population for its law abiding character. If it be 
argue4 that our State is behind others in adopting and utilizing 
those agencies which give them prominence m wealth and popu- 
lation, it must be admitted tln,t we are correspondingly belimd 
in the statistics of crime. Prior to the war between the States, 
we had a system of labor which had been perfected by the expe- 
rience of generations, and was entirely satisfactory. Our 
slaves, well fed, well clothed and well cared for, furnished all 
the labor required by our system of agriculture. Indi\idi;;i,l 
wealth and its resultaat influence could not be so surely ac- 
quired as by the augmentation of landed domain and the malti- 
plication of slaves. No outlay, except for luxuries, was^ueccs- 
sary, for with soils of such varied productive capacity, with 
mechanics among his slaves, t le North Carolina planter had, as 
it were, a little world of his own, defined by the limits of his 
farm. Hence we did not desire or need immigration, but were afc 
all tim«s ready to lend willing aid in diverting it from our borders, 
us we conceived its introductrion would be a disturbing element in 
o'.;;-svstcm. Since the war various influences have consiiired to) 



148 POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITION. 



prevent immigration to our State to any considerable extent. 
Hence,, since political emissaries and designing corrupt men have 
exhausted their powers for evil over the colored citizen, the 
question fraught with such important results to both races is 
placed in the hands of the former master and the former slave.. 
for solution. The political rights of the negro are guaranteed 
by ample and liberal provisions in our organic law. Ho is and 
will be under our law the architect of his own fortune, having^ 
the same rights, the same privileges, and the same encourage- 
ments to stimulate him, to manly effort for his own advance- 
ment and promotion, as the white man enjoys. Liberal provision 
is also made for his education, and for attending to the wants 
and necessities of the Deaf, Dumb, Blind and Insane of his- 
race. In the great battle of life neither the laws nur the senti- 
ment of the white people of North Carolina throw an obstacle 
in his way. Pie can hold office, vote, acquire property, be edu- 
cated, and in all these, and other great privileges of the citizen, 
he is protected equally with the white man. Misled and deluded 
Viv the syren voice of the designing and corrupt j)olitical dema- 
f'Qoue, who, taking advantage of his immature and exaggerated 
ideas of the privileges of freedom, he has wasted many precious 
years in grasping at a shadow, only to learn at last that the best 
friend he has on earth is his former master. A marked change 
in their bearing as citizens has happily characterized this people 
in unr State within the past few years. The more intelligent 
among them are evincing by their course a returning sense of 
that kind feeling which naturally subsists between the races, as 
is abundantly attested by their utterances in conventions, and 
public addresses, and the friendly spirit that pervades their daily 
intercourse with the whites. Their greatest happiness and ful- 
lest development as a race can not be so speedily and surely 
reached as by leaving them and the original white popu- 
lation of the State to work out their destiny. Many of them, 
iire, by industry and frugality, acquiring pro])erty and a com- 
fortable competence, and their desire for education is almost- 
universal. The feeling of the whites is to encourage them in alii 



POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITION 14 



their legitimate undertakings and aspirationp, as is shown not 
Only by the legislation of the past few years, but by the gener- 
ous and kind sympathy displayed in numerous ways. To show 
the amicable and naturally friendly relations existing between 
the races in our State, it is sufficient to say that during the 
Clubernatorial campaign of 1876 — the last general election — 
which was distinguished for the lively enthusiasm and joarty feel- 
ing it aroused, in a canvass of eighty counties by the distin- 
guished and able candidates, not a single arrest was made for a 
turbulent disturbance of the peace. And when the colored citi- 
zen of North Carolina shall fully understand that his interest 
demands a study of the theory of how to make a respectable liv- 
ing, rather than the theory of political government; when he 
shall see that he cannot embrace the dangerous teachings of de- 
signing men without endangerirg the happiness and peace of his 
race, he will then be on the proper road to an intelligent solu- 
tion of the problem involving his ultimate destiny. 

CLIMATE AND OTHER PHYSICAJ. COXDITIOXS. 

Having a central position in the northern temperate zone, 
North Carolina posscf>;es an intermediate climate which not only 
answers the highest favorable conditions to animal life, but gives 
to her vegetable productions a range of variety no where excell- 
ed on the continent. With an area of 50,T04: square miles it 
is about the same in extent as that of England o^- of the State 
of New York. It extends from the Atlantic ocean westward 
•4S5 miles — one hundred miles beyond the Blue Eidge moun- 
tains, giving it a greater breadth of longitude than any of the 
original thirteen States, and is included between parallels of 34 
degrees and 304 degrees. It is naturally divided into three sec- 
tions — tlie eastern, middle and western. The eastern section is 
nearlv level, with sandy and rich alluvial soils, large areas of 
Avliich are underlaid with immense deposits of marl, and extends 
from the seacoast westward about 150 miles to a line drawn 
from north to south across the State a little east of Ealeigh. 



150 



rOUTICAL AXJ) SOCIAL CONDITIONS. 



The iiiiddlt' s( ctioii extends from this line,wliere its elevation is 
from 204) to IJOO fei't, to tlie base of the mountain range where it 
attains to an ele\Htion of 1200 feet. The western section ex- 
tends to tlie Tennessee line, emhiaeing the mountainous j9/a/ef«<, 
which lies at an elevation of about 2500 feet, through which run 
chains of mountains some of whose peaks reach an elevation of 
about TOOO feet, the highest east of the Eocky mountains. It 
will then be seen that our climate is continental in its scope, 
and gives our productive eapacity a range by which we may du- 
plicate the products of western New York, or of southern Ala- 
bama. From the official report of Prof. Kerr, State Geologist, 
the folloAving extract is made, as showing the range and char- 
acter of our climate: 



Annual temperature 
Summer temperature 
Winter temperature 
Eainfall 
Ealeigh, 
N. C. 

Annual T'em. (lOo Far. 

Summer (''J 

Winter -14 

Beaufort. 1\' . C. 

(on the coa^^t.) 

62>^ 

■78 

46 
Asheville. X. C. 

(in the niountiiins. ) 

54^' 

n 

38 
Smithville. N. C. 
(sea coast) 

80 
51 



59^^ Far. 
75 " 
43 

45 inches.. 
Florence, 
Italy. 
59-' 
75 
47 
Genoa, 
Italy. 
61^' 
75 
47 
Venice, 
Italy. 

7 3 

38 

l>()i'deaux. 

France. 

~tVO 

•J t 

7L 
43 



POLITICAL AXl) SOCIAL C02n^DITI0N 151 



While our summeivs are longer yet they are not more oppres- 
sive than in the States of New York or Pennsylvania, and onr 
winters are far less rigorous. We perhaps have snow as often as 
in those States, but it seldom lies on the ground a week. Cattle, 
sheep and hogs, are seldom kept sheltered and fed except forpur- 
})ose of fattening, and out door work is rarely suspended only 
U)v brief intervals. By reference to the table of Cotton and 
Woolen Factories in part IV of this volume, it will be seen that 
althongh operating in about 28 counties indifferent sections of the 
State, but few of onr Factories are seldom forced to suspend during 
winter. The salubrity of our climate, especially of the middle and 
western sections, is shown in the Health Statistics, and the 
western portion of the State is fast becoming a popular resor 
for inyalids, particularly, consumptives and others aflicted with 
diseases of the lungs. 

Very erroneous impressions prevail as to the healthfulness of 
our climate especially among the people of the North. That au- 
thentic and official information on this point might be presen- 
ted, a letter was addressed to Dr. S. S. Qatchwell, President of 
the North Carolina State Board of Health, from whose reply 
the following extract is made: 

"The labors of the Board in the great cause of sanitary im- 
provement and of preventive medicine, have already enabled us 
to arrive at very gratifying results for our State as bearing upon 
its sickness and mortality. There are few regions of the whole 
earth where the conditions of climate are more favorable to 
health, human comfort, and physical well-being, than are the 
climatic conditions of North Carolina, leaving out, as excep- 
tional, certain circumscribed local regions where malaria is liable 
to exist at certain seasons. There is not a more delightful 
climate for pleasure or health than that of North Carolina. It 
is not excelled ])y the most favored climatic conditions of Italy 
or France. The climate of the eastern and middle portions of 
our State correspond.s to that of the middle and south of France, 
and that of western North Carolina to that of the north 
of France and Belgium — regions noted the world over 



152 POLITICAL X^I) SOCIAL CONDTIOK. 



for the genicility and heulthl'iilness of their climate. The 
siolenclid climates of Italy from Palermo to Milan and Venice, 
are correctly represented in those of our own salubrions and 
health-giving State. Nor are the topograj^liical features and 
geological structures of the State, so generally favorable to 
ready and efficient drainage — ahvays a prime element of health 
— less adapted to the production of the low rate of sickness and 
of death that prevails in North Carolina, outside of those lo- 
calities of malaria, alluded to as less salubrious and which, un- 
der the increasing application and dominion of tiie spade, axe, 
and hoe, are steadily becoming more and more healthy, as cul- 
tivation increases. So far as that pre^'alent and fatal scourge, 
consumption, is concerned^ it has beenfound thatoneof the two 
small areas of total exemption in the whole country from this 
dread destroyer of the human race, is found in north Carolina. 
Nature, whether in the magnificence and wealth of our climate; 
the fertility and adaptation of the soils as well as climate to the 
production of the various industries that are most conducive to 
the prosperity of the peoi^le and the welfare of the State; or in 
the vast wealth of tlie underlying geological structures of the 
State, everywhere asserts, as statistics prove, that there is no 
State in the Union more healthy than North Carolina. With 
the natural conditions of insalubrity existing only in a local and 
exceptional degree, and giving Avay, as they will, before the 
great work of remo\'al of preventable causes and preventable 
diseases, now hap]:)ily inaugurated in North Carolina, by State 
authority, in the organization by the last Legislature of a State 
Board of Health, we can but cherish a lively and reasonable 
hope that the average rate of sickness and mortality will steadi- 
ly decrease under the o]ieration of the l)enign influences of san- 
itary science. Ah-cadti il is less tliKjiilic ((vcvaije in fJie United 
States. Sanitary statistics, such as we have been able to obtain in 
the prosecution of the official labors and duties assigned to the 
Board, combine witli other information obtained from rej^orts 
and data, in our possession, in justifying the operation that sick- 
ness and. death in North Carolina presents a rate less tlian one 



POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITION. 153 



per cent against an average of more than one and a quarter per 
cent, taking all the States into the calculation in deducing an 
-average rate. " 

]SrATIVE PRODUCTS. 

As before remarked there is not an equal extent of teritory, on 
the continent that excels ours for a variety of jiroducts. The 
widest diversification in crops is practicable, for Ave produce 
successfully almost everything grown in the United States. 
Corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, rice, cotton, hemp, 
ilax, jute, silk, tobacco, peanuts, sorghum cane, broom corn, 
millet, lucerne, clover, orchard, timothy and herds grass, sweet 
potatoes, Irish potatoes, hops, peas, melons, strawberries, cran- 
berries— can all be cultivated and grown profitably in our State. In 
a large portion of the Piedmont region strawberries and cranber- 
ries grow wild. Experiments in the culture of silk have been suffi- 
cientlyprosecuted to demonstrate beyond all question that it could 
easily be made a great and profitable industry with our people. 
Jute too, of which enormous quanities are being annually consum- 
ed,lias been found, by experiments recently made under the direc- 
tion of the Agricultural Department, to be well adapted to the 
eastern section of the State. Early fruits and truck farming 
are engaging the attention of our people especially of the eas- 
tern section, as it is found that owing to climatic influences 
they enabled to reach the northern markets from two to four 
AN'eeks earlier than those of Virginia, Maryland or New Jersey. 
During last year peaches ripened in difl:erent j)ortions of the State 
as early as the 2Gth of May. Thousands of acres are being de- 
voted to this industry. One man in Craven county has planted 
during the present season S^o bushels of peas for the northern 
markets. 

Apples, peaches, pears, cherries, apricots, plums, quinces, 
gi'apes and figs grow to great perfection in nearly all portions 
of the State. Improved varieties are being introduced and pro- 
pagated, and a growing interest ;ind appreciation marks the pro- 



154 POLTTICAl. AND SOCIAL CONDITIOX, 



gress of our })eople iu fruit, growing- For a list of tlie principal 
fruits best ada])tcdto our State, the reader is referred to an arti- 
cle on tlie Mil)ject in Part IV of tliis vohnne. A})ples grow well 
in almost e\'ery count}' iu the State and ripen from May to ISio- 
Tcniber. Besides the Scuppernong, the Catawba, the Lincoln, 
Isabella, \\'hich are native grapes — foreign varieties are cultiva- 
ted, with success. The rapid transit of our fruits to northern 
markets, placing it as we did during the past season in New- 
York city, within 18 hours from the time it was plucked in oui' 
orchards, and commanding by its superior excellence the highest 
market prices, will greatly stimulate this important and rapidly 
growing interest. The mildness and uniformity of our climate 
and the length of our growing seasons and the increasing de- 
mand, will without doubt, in a few years build up for our State 
an extensive fruit trade. For information as to the productive 
capacity of our soils in various sections of the State, the atten- 
tion of the reader is directed to itemt furnished by Correspon- 
dents in Part IV of this volume, as also to Part TI for the great 
wealth of the State in her timbers, building stones and minerals, 
which abound in such rich and varied i)rofnsion. Over 100 va- 
rieties of our timbers are represented in our Museums, embrac- 
ing all those of greatest commercial value found in this country. 
In the long list of minerals f.nind in our State (and which ac- 
cording to Prof. Kerr embraces about 150 different kinds,) is 
gold, silver, copper, platinum, palladium, iron, lead, antimony,, 
sulphur, diamond, corrundum; jJumbago, hematite, manganese, 
mica, magetiteasbestos, kaolin, fireclays, soapstone &c. &c. And 
to show^ its importance as a gold producing State, the fact is de- 
^A^eloped by the Mint Director in his report Derember 1877, that 
fo June up BOtli of that year,thc gold deposited in the Assay offices 
Ind Mints from their organization up to that time from all the 
territory east of the Mississippi river Avas |21,16-i,'<!90.49: of 
which North Carolina produced -^10,370,492. 18. 

The natural ca])abilities of our State niMy not foi'3'ears to come 
be fully develoi)ed. Many that may form an important part of 
our econom3% are doubtless among the unknown, but it is to be 



POLITICAL AXD SOCIAL COXDITIOX. 155 



]u)pe(l tliat the sp'rit of enterprise wliicb luinpily seems to Iiave 
taken hold npon our people, will seek out these elements of 
strength and Avealth and make them contribute their share to 
the general prosperity of our })eople. The medicinal herbs, 
plants and roots indigenous to our State began to attract atten- 
tion prior to the war, and were to some extent utilized as a 
substitute for foreign drugs in oar hospitals and by our army 
surgeons, during the w%ar. Through the perseyerance and en- 
terjirise of one firm in Statesrille, their trade in these crude 
drugs increased from about 160,000 pounds eml)racing about 200 
varieties in 1873, to about 800,000 pounds enbracing about 1600 
varieties in 1878. Another enterprise which is attracting at- 
tention among the farmers, particularly along the line of the 
North Carolina railroad, especially in Kowan county is the dis- 
tillation of oils from sasafras and penny-royal (Hedeomapule- 
gioides) By a simple process those oils are extracted and find 
ready sale at renumerative prices. In the town of Salisbury 
alone there were, sold during the last year, of oil of sasafras 37,- 
000 pounds, at about an average price of 35 cents per pound, 
and of oil of penny-royal about 31,000 pounds, at about 80 cents 
per pound. It was found impracticable to obtain even approx- 
imately accurate information in regard to the Naval Store in- 
terest, on ©ur list of farm products, and while it would be inter- 
esting to show in detail the value to our people of a 
trade controlled, chiefly by our State, the Annual export Table 
compiled l)y the Secretary of the Wilmington ])roduce ex- 
change, shows that of the exports of turpentine, tar, rosin, pitch 
&c. from this country during the year 1878, amounting to $2,444,- 
788, our port of Wilmington furnished 12, 156, 730, 67. With our 
varied soils and climate, our treasures of mineral wealth, our 
abundance of timbers of commercial value, our splendid water 
powers; the future of our State, can only be limited in im- 
portance and power, by their development and utililization. 



;loG POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITION. 



MISCELLANEOUS ITEJrS FROM STATISTICS. 

From the best available sources' the number of benevolent 
and charitable institutions in the State, is stated to be as follows: 
Of Masonic Lodges about 240; of Independent order of Odd 
Fellows 55, of Knights of Honor 19; with 700 members; of 
Knights of Pythias 9; Councils of Temperance 56; Good Tem- 
plars 200, with 7000 members. 

The total number of churches given in our table of statistics 
is 3294 which are divided among our various denominations as 
follows: Eoman Catholic 12; Episcopal 104; Presbyterian 239; 
Methodist 1321; Baptist 1330. Lutheran 79; Christian 35; 
Quakers 21; German Picformed 37; L^nion 3, Dunkers 4; Dis- 
cibles 109. Membership of the Young Men's Christian Associa- 
tion about 500. 

Of our chief products the following named counties report the 
largest aggregate yields: Kandolph, wheat 144,819 bushels; Row- 
an, corn, 5 '^5, 13 7 bushels; Wake* cotton, 13,441 bales of 450 
pounds; Chatham, oats, 148,859 bushels; Rockingham, tobacco. 
3,100,906 pounds; Sampson, reports the greatest number of hogs, 
and Randolph the greatest number of sheep; Granville owne=i 
the most dogs according to the report; Guilford has the largest 
number of acres in orchards; Cleveland makes the largest num- 
ber of gallons of wine; Chowan leads in the fishing interest; Wil- 
son produced the largest yield of sweet potatoes; Randolph re- 
poits the largest yield of Irish potatoes; Chatham reports the 
greatest amount of butter. Total amount of honey reported 
684,60423ounds;of wool 578,503 pounds; of dried fruits 6,267,- 
930; Granville has the greatest number of tobacco factories; 
Alamance and Gaston the greatest number of cotton factories; 
each reporting six; Wake has the greatest number of public 
schools. 
*Oalv thu'teeu of the eighteen townships in Wake county reported. 



OUR FUTURE. 157 



OUR FUTURE. 



We are, and must of necessity continue to be, an agi-icultnraB; 
people. It is trne that the wealth of our forests and the uscfai 
minerals are varied and almost inexhaustible, and that the water 
power of the State is nowhere excelled within an equal area on 
this continent, yet the great variety of soils, yielding so gener- 
ously to the labors of the husbandman, supplying all his wants; 
the mild temperature of our climate, free from the rigidity of 
the Northern winters and from the extreme heat of the South- 
ern summers; and our geographical position placing us in easy 
access to all the great markets of the world; must make agricul- 
ture our chief interest. Xature has not only indicated unmis- 
takebly the part we must, as a State, perform in the onward 
march of the world's progress, but with lavish hand has bounti- 
fully supplied us with every essential facility and means to en- 
courage and aid us. Not only can we produce all the leading 
staple crops required for the sustenance of man and beast, but 
those articles of high commercial value and importance are 
found either to exist, or the capacity for producing them, in the 
greatest abundance and profusion. And when these truths io 
regard to our State shall become known abroad, and be appre- 
ciated at home, it will be found that no people on earth are bet- 
ter able to take care of themselves than the people of North 
Carolina. Nature has not only given us the capacity and abili- 
ty to produce, but has generously provided for manufacturing. 
Take for example the manufacture of cotton. In Massachu- 
setts, New Hampshi^i, or other of the New England States, 
much of the profits of manufacturing is absorbed by idle looms, . 
locked up through long winter months by ice, or in the necessa- 
rily heavy outlay in heating aparatus required to keep them iu 
motion. Here, as will be seen by reference to our table on Cot- 
ton and Woolen Mills, we are seldom if ever retarded in our op 
erations in any portion of the State by similar causes. Fuel is 



loN OUE FUTURE. 



iibiindciut and cheap, and so of labor for operating. The extent 
and capacity of our water power is almost incalculable; and tliese 
valuable and wonderfully muuiticent gifts of nature are not cou- 
fiued, as many suppose, to our mountainous region, but are 
scattered throughout the State, A reference to the estimated 
capacity, by Prof. Kerr, of oar principal rivers, to say nothing 
of the hundreds of creeks and branches, affluents of the rivers, 
and many of which are equal to the far famed Tiber; it will be 
seen, that to take one half of his estimate fof the principal 
streams, we have in this State the enormous mechanical force of 
horse |)Ower to run all the engines, stationary and locomotive, 
in nii^liry old England, and nearly the same strength as is em- 
ployed in all the mills and on the thousands of miles of railway in 
this vast country from Maine to California ! And the enormous 
expenditure annually incurred for coal, to keep these engines in 
motion, is here furnishi-d gratuitously by nature. In truth, 
there are a score of counties in our Siate, either one of which 
would furnisli sufficient water power to turn all the spindles of 
Massachusetts, Rhode Island and New Hampshire combined. 
One single river, (the Yadkin) by actual measurement, supplies 
ample power to drive ten millions spindles — twice as many as 
there are in all the factories in x^merica I And yet many of 
these worderfnl and magnificent gifts of natnre, surpassing in 
power and volume anything knov.n to either New or Old England, 
continue to hymn their grand old roaring song unbroken by the 
the hum of a single spindle. Many of these streams, having 
their sources in the mountains, and traversing the State to the 
ocean, gives us, with their numerous tributaries, not only one of 
the best watered, but one of the best drained countries on the 
globe. With these facilities at hand, the day is not distant 
when, by the influx of capital, energy and enterprise, and the 
restored strength of our people, we may hope to see our State 
teeming with those varied industries to which she is so well and 
favorably adapted. Already there are many gratifying evidences 
of advancement. With our beautiful homes and fields laid waste 
by the ruthless hand of war: our systems wiped out; our labor 



OUR FUTURE. I59 



utterly destroyed; the aeciunulated wenlth of generations swept 
it, way as by a breath; our sons shiin; our credit destroyed; our 
utterly inipoveiished condition called for a renewed exiiibitioii 
'■)f those high, qualities of manhood always evoked by terrible 
emergencies. That tenacious and indomitable spirit, which has 
ever cliaracterized our people, nerved them to redoubled and al- 
most superhumau exertion, and now again our fields are assum- 
ing their wonted pleasant aspect, and our homes are restored to 
tlieir former comfort and cheer. A general spirit of improve- 
meut pervades the masses, as is evinced by a constantly growing- 
demand and enquiry for improved breeds of stock, improved im- 
plements and machinery, and improved methods of farming. 
!>ut above all does this spirit of progress manifest itself in the 
cordial and enthusiastic support of the Department of Agricul- 
ture, the creation of which was prompted aua inspired by it. 
Notwithstanding the longyrars of dark adversity through which 
we have struggled, much of the 1461 miles of railway now in 
operation in the Stato has been built since the war, and projec- 
ted lines now cover the face of our territory as a network, flour- 
ishing villages and towns have been built, and half the 54 Cot- 
ton Factories in operation have been erected since the war. 

Now that the animosities and prejudices engendered by war 
are happily subsiding and yielding to a more fraternal spirit; 
now that the delicate political and social relations between the 
races are being adjusted upon a better understanding of their 
nature; now that our government, like the gracious atmos- 
phere, throws its fostering and protecting influence over and 
.around all alike, we can confidently indulge the hops that an 
•era ol unexampled prosperity will soon smile upon our beloved 
Srate. -AU'eady are these advantages beginning to attract atten- 
tioii and to awaken a wide spread interest. The flow of immi- 
gration to the North and West will necessarily turn Southward. 
The rapid advance in the price of lands, which places them be- 
yond the reach of those of moderate means; the limited variety 
of products, with low prices, and heavy transportation to very 
distant markets; the scarcity of timbers; the constantly recur- 



160 FI8H CULTURE. 



rmg failures to which the farnier is subjected from the ravages' 
of insects and droughts; the long and severe winters, in whicn 
a laige provision must be made for the Iceeping of stock; these. 
and many other disadvantages not known to our State, must 
soon enlist the attention of the intelligent immigrant. Europe's 
crowded population, agitated and disordered by those financial 
revulsions to which it is so sensitive, or suffering from those pe- 
riodical disruptions whi''h rli^or^-oTvi-o labor, will continue to 
pour into onr ports its thousa.avis who ^^eek our shores as a ref- 
uge from these evils. Thousands of the better classes at the 
North are anxiously looking to the now quiet and peaceful 
South as a hope of escape from those disruptions of social order 
which unfortunately threaten to be a source of perpetual dan- 
ger, not only to their industrial prosperity, but involving se- 
riously the personal safety of the citizen. The turbulent spirit 
of their society must give it an unrest which will impel its more 
peaceable and law-abiding people to seek that tranquility and re- 
pose now so happily prevailing in our State. i\.nd with our 
millions of acres of unoccupied lands, which can be bought 
cheaply, and with a population sturdy, honest, intelligent, law- 
abiding and hospitable, to extend to them a warm and cordial 
welcome, the day is not distant when our State shall receive it^; 
full share of immigrants with their energy, enterprise and capi- 
tal, that has given such wonderful impetus to the progress of the 
young States of the Northwest. 



THE FISHING INTERESTS OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



The magnitude of the fishing interests of North Carolina is 
but imperfectly understood by the majority of the citizens of the 
State. In Albemarle Sound, for instance, within a radius of a 
few miles 250.000 yards of seins are annually used. When the 
system of artificial propagation of the Anadromons species has 



FISHING INTERESTS. 161 



been enlarged, as it will be, the catch will be'^yery greatly in- 
creased. Below will be found some facts and figures that give 
but a portral view of its importance. 

Mr. W. H. Oliver of New Berne writes: 

" The (juantity of fish annually taken is enormous, the quali- 
ty of some of them very fine and the variety very great. It is 
impossible to accurately estimate the fpuiutity, but some idea 
may be foi-mod from the fact that in the proper season from one 
to two car loads (50 to GO barrels) of fresh fish are daily shipped 
over the Atlantic and North Carolina Railroad. In addition to 
what is shipped by rail, large quantities are also shipped by the 
diiferent lines of steamers. This does not include salt fish. In 
regard to the quality, no fish stand higlier. By reference to the 
New York Herald and other papers it will be seen that special 
mention is marie of the shad from Newberne, N. C. They are 
spoken of as lieing the earliest caught and the finest flavored 
fish carried to New York. The variety of fish caught is large, 
embracing white shfid, mackerel, blue fish, trout, drum, rock, 
sun fish, pogy, herring, sheep head, robin, chtib, pig fish, spot 
and various small pan fish. This estimate is only for the Neuse 
river; the ({nantity caught and shij^ped from the sounds is not 
included. The number of persons who are almost entirely de- 
pendent on the fishing business for their stipport is very large. 
Doubtless in this section, embracing the rivers and sounds, from 
eight to ten thousand are supported by the business. In addi- 
tion to the shipments of fresh fish in ice, which cannot amount 
to less than $100,000 per annum, large quantities of herring, 
shad, trout, mullets, &c., are salted and barrelled." 

Messrs. W. R. Capehart, of Avoca, and Ed. Wood, of Eden- 
ton, write as follows : 

'■' Please find below estimate made of the yearly receipts and 
expenses of the Albemarle fisheries. Number of hands employ- 
ed 1200: 

11 



iG2 



Fl.SlIlXt; IS^rKlJESTS. 



YEAKLY KKCKIPTS AXD EXPEN"SES. 



By average catch of horriiig 
'47,000,000, at $3 per tliousand, 
By 337,000 shad at :i«t cents. 
By 108,000 lbs. strii)ed bass at 8 

cents, 
By 125,000 lbs. white perch at fi 

cents. 
By 1,150 sturgeon at -^1.50, 

To expense^, estimated. 
Profits, 

The above does not include the 
thousands of gill nets. 

Fertilizing material, ofEal and re- 
fuse fish, 4,700,000 lbs., suf- 
ficient for 2350 acres of corn, 
gi\ ing an average increase of 10 
bushels, 23,500 bushels valued 
at 50 cents, 




Tlie above ai)})roxiniates the catcli and its value to North 
Oarolina. Prop;igation will treble the shad catch for ten years.'' 

Mr. W. F. Howland, of Benufort, Carteret county, writes as 
follows : 

" There are caught annually about 25,000 barrels of fish in 
the waters of this county, besides oysters, clams and fresh fish, 
which will amount to about the same in value. The fish trade 
is iricrdksino- everv vcar. Fine fertilizers are beiiiir made from 
fish, which surpass iiny impojtations. "" 

Messrs. IJall and Pe.irsnll. of Wilmin'jtdu. esiimate 1 bis sea- 
son's catch as follows : 

5000 packages sold in our market and 5000 sold in other markets. 
These packages are small pine half barrels, and the net value above 
the cost of ban-els, freight, r,o^\ missions, ^(\. is about an average 



FJSHJKG INTERESTS. 10 



of 11.50 each — saj -$15,000. ' The proportion of roe mullets has 
been unusually small this season, and the yield of roes will not 
probably exceed 2000 dozen — say 11,000. In addition to the 
>above there is quite a large quantity of fresli lish sold, to ilie 
amount of -$5,000 worth througliout the year. It is difficult to 
•estimate this last item." 

PROPAGATION' OF FOOD FISHES. 

Since the artificial propagation of fish was begun in this State, 
-May, 1877, very great success has been attained not only in the 
propagation of shad Init also in the propagation and introduc- 
tion of California salmon, laud-locked salmon and brook trout. 
For the propagation of the latter varieties a cheap hatchery Avas 
built at Svvannanoa Gap in Buncombe county, and two seas jus 
•of winter work have been completed. 

The following quotations are from the recent Report of S. G. 
Worth, who has been in charge of the fish operations in our 
State for the past year: 

•'During the past twelve months, euding the 1st of April, 
1879, we have released in the North Carolina waters over three 
and one-half millions of young shad, three hundred thousand 
California salmon, fifteen thousand five hundred Jand-lockcd 
salmon from Maine, and fifty thousand mountain or brook 
trout. All of this was done at an expense of less than three 
thousand dollars, and among the expenditures was a sum of not 
less than five hundred dollars in permanent structures and 
hatching and distributing apparatus, tools, &c., now on hand, 
including all salaries. 

California salmon attain an average weight of twenty 
pounds, and sell readily at twenty-five cents a pound. If 
we suppose that ninety-mne per cent, of the tliree hundred 
thousand hatched this season are never lieard froui and thati 
the one per cent, which do return attain the avenige weight 
of other waters and bring a price of fioe oerds a pound, tlie 
salmon of the past season alone will more than pay the expense 
of the whole season, including the shad, land-locked salmon and 
t.out. On examination (»f the 7iest.< of the California salmon it 



16'4 FISHING INTERESTS. 



is found that onl}' ciglit per cent of the eggs are impregnated. 
By the artiticial method of impregnation we secure ninety to- 
ninety -five per cent. After impregnation by the natural meth- 
od the eggs are left a prey to enemies of innumerable numbers.- 
Sliad eggs are exj^osed three to five days, and our common pond 
fishes twenty to thirty, and the salmon fifty to seventy. After 
hatching, these fish are helpless, some a few days, (sliad a week) 
some for months, as in the case of salmon, mountain trout and 
fall-spawning fish generally. By the artificial methods they are 
not only almost entirely impregnated, but they are kept in cones, 
troughs and other vessels, and each day the dead removed and 
further communication of fungoid growth stopped. And when 
the young are ready to go out they are conveyed to lieailsfrecDnM, 
where other fish are scarce and where cold water suppresses the 
the numerous hosts of insects and crustaceans that abound in the 
lower and warmer Avaters. We can see readily, i\\&i few eggs ar- 
rive at maturity, when we recall that one single sturgecjn vro- 
duces seven million and that a number /?.*.§ than ten thousand i\re 
taken aiiHually in the Cape Fear. ''If our people look this year 
for any return from what has been done, they must remember 
that the patient farmer sows his seed and waits till they have 
had time to develope and mature. No shad return in one year, 
and indeed no roe shad ever returned to fresh water till the 
ih\Y^^ year, 

"Lone ago fish became scarce as tlie jiopulation of Europe in- 
creased and fish culture there is an estaMislud thing. Millions 
of fry are annua^^y liberated from their hatching houses, and 
such judicious laws have been made as to foster and protect 
them " 

In the United States we find shad now flourishing in the Sac - 
Tamento river in California, where they were unknown till placed 
there in 1871. The first results seen on the Connecticut from ar- 
tificial pro] ao'a^ion of shad increased the usual catch s^evenfsld. 
Twenty-five thousand shad Avere taken in one locality-one morn- 
irg and tlie Northern markets were overstocked and tlie })rice. 
of eighteen dollars per hundred reduced to three ! In that river 
the Salmon had entirely disappeared, hut in 18i2-'73 fry were 



FISHING INTERESTS. 165 



introcUiced and since that time sufficient numbers of 12 to 
18 pounds weight have returned to justify inci-eased oper- 
ations. Tlie fruits of past work aro also being seen on the Del- 
aware, Susquehanna and all other streams where the fish have 
had time to mature and return, (hi the Merrimack a dam of 
25 feet height completely cut off the passage of Salmon to 
their spawning grounds, and for thirtj^ years not one was seen^ 
but by introducing the fry from other streams they have found 
that upwards of one thousand went over the fishway on the same 
dam in the first year of their return." 

Tiie alarming decrease in numbers of fish, when brought be- 
fore the Congress of the United States and impressed, at once 
led to the creation of a commission for the purjjose of enquiring 
into their decrease, and for the institution of measures for their 
increase and protection ; hence originated the United States 
Commission of Fi^h and Fisheries which has been the great mo- 
tive poAver and educator in this branch ever since. Twenty- 
seven States are now a,ctively engaged in restocking their waters, 
and I am glad to say Liiat with limited means we have made a 
•very decided beginning in North Carolina in two short yearp. 
With the finest shaLt lishing grounds in the world, and many 
secluded mountain btreams yet full of trout we are fully capable 
of supplying every ouLUity in the State with as many fish as the 
people can consume. In view of the fact that the shad caught 
-in our waters sell in northern markets before the run of fish has 
extended into their streams, and since our sales there bring 
double the price of theirs by supplying the early demand, it is 
very plain to be seen that in restocking our sounds and rivers 
to ten times their present capacity, we can suj^ply every de- 
mand at home and bring into our State thousands of dollars 
from abroad. As the truck-farms of the south are annually re- 
ducing the value of like products on those further north, in 
supplying tl\e ready demand for early vegetables and fruits, so 
will the fisheries of Albemarle sound and other waters, in like 
manner reap large cash sums of money from northern markets 
if tlie millions of eggs now annually wasted on the sein beaches 
are only hatched and cared tor. 



16G RAILROADS. 



RAILROADS. 



North Cavoliiia has nineteen Railroads that are either wholly 
or partly within her borders, the aggregate length of which, in> 
the State, is about 1465 miles. 

ATLANTA & CHARLOTTE AIR LIXE. 

This road has 35 miles of rail in the State, its termini being 
Charlotte, in Mecklenburg county, NX', and Atlanta, in Georgia.. 
Its whole length is '^65 miles. It lies in the Oak Belt, and has- 
good farming land along its line. Charlotte is one of the chief 
inland cities of the State, and has in its immediate neighbor- 
liood many valuable gold mines. IT. W. Sibley of New York. 
City, is President. 

ATLAN'TIC * XORTH CAROLII^f A RAILROAD. 

This road lies entirely within the State, is 94 miles in length,, 
and extends from Goldsboro — a very thriving town, situated at 
the junction of this with the Wilmington & Weldon R. R.. — to 
Morehead City, on the coast, in Carteret county, near which is 
Beaufort harbor, one of the best on the Atlantic coast of the 
United States. For about one-third of its length it passes 
through the region of the long-leaf pine. The remainder lies 
in the bflt kncwii as the coast growth, a section noted fo>- its 
rich swamp lands. Mr. John Hughes of New Berne, is its Pi'cs- 
ident. 

ATLA.NTIC, TENNESSEE tt OHIO EAILROAD. 

'i'his road joins by rail Charlotte and Statesville, and is 47 
miles long. Statesville is in Iredell county,, and. a connection is> 



KAIL ROADS, 167 



inade at this point witli the Western N". C. R. B.. It is situated 
in the Oak Belt of Middle N. C, and is surrounded by good 
farming land. The surface of the conniies through which it 
]);iS3es is undulating, and the soil varies from grey and sandy to 
clay. Col. AYm. E. Myers of Charlotte, is President. 

CAROLINA CENTRAL RAILWAY. 

This road is 241 miles in length, and extends from Wilming- 
ton — the largest city of the State, situated on the Cape Fear 
Eiver — through Charlotte to Shelby, in Cleveland county, pass- 
ing through the long-leaf pine and oak regions, from near the 
coast to the hilly lands of the up-country. This road is bor- 
dered by some of the best cotton counties of the State, and its 
western division, from Charlotte to Shelby, traverses a fine grain 
country. It was formerly known ast he Wilmington, Charlotte. 
& Rutherford R. R. Mr. Chas. H. Roberts of Wilmington, is 
the General Manager. 

CHARLOTTE, COLUMBIA & AUGUSTA R. R. 

This road, although 195 miles in length, has only about 18 
miles within the State. It has important connections with other 
raili'oads, notably in the State with the North Carohna Railroad, 
and at Columbia, S. C, with the Wilmington, Columbia & Au- 
gusta Railroad. Mr. John B. Palmer of Columbia, S. C, is the 
President. 

CAPE FEAR & YADKIN R. R. 

This road was, until the recent action of the Legislature, 
called the Western Railroad. It is completed for a distance of 
about 46 miles from Fayetteville, which is situated at the head 
of navigation on the Cape Fear river, to the Gulf on Deep river, 
one .of the tributaries of the Cape Fear. It passes through 
Egyjit, where there are extensive coal fields, and is in course of 



168 RxVlLKOADS. 



construction to G-reensboro, where it will intersect the N, C. R. 
R.., and thence to a point near the northwestern boundary of the 
State. This line traverses the region oC the long leaf pine and 
the oak belt, through counties noted for the value of their naval 
stores and rich mineral and agricultiiral resources. Col, L. 0. 
Jones is President, office at Fayetteville. 

JS'ORXn CAROLINA RAILROAD 

This road extends from Goldshoro to Charlotte, a distance of 
223 miles, and runs through Central North Carolina. At Clolds- 
boro it connects with the Wilmington & Weldon and the Atlan- 
tic & N. C. Railroads, at Raleigh with the Raleigh & Gaston 
and the Raleigh & Augusta Air Line, at Greensboro with the 
Richmond and Danville and branch road to Salem — this Salem 
branch is 28 miles long — at Salisbury with the Western JST. C. 
R. R.. at Charlotte with the Charlotte, Columbia & Augnsta, 
Atlantic, Tennessee & Ohio and the Atlanta Air Line. This 
road is now controlled by the Richmond & Danville Railroad, 
Col. A. S. Buford of Richmond. Va., being President. 

RALEIGH & AUGUSTA AIR LINE. 

Thisfroad is 97 miles in length, and extends from Raleigh, 
the Capitol of the State, to Hamlet, a station where it connects 
with the Carolina Central Railway. It passes, chiefly, througli 
the region of the long leaf pine, a section of country well sup- 
plied with the material for the production of naval stores. This 
road is under the same management as the Raleigh & Gaston. 

RALEIGH & GASTON RAILROAD, 

This road extends from Raleigh to Weldon, a distance of 97 
miles, connecting at Weldon with the Wilmington & Weldon, 
the Seaboard >!^: Roanoke and tlie I'etersburg & Richmond, and 



EAILROADS. 16a 



-at R;ileigh with the Raleigh & Augusta and North Carolina R, 
R. This road passes through the Oak belt and traverses a fine 
farming country. The office of the road is at Raleigh. Col. J. 
M. Robinson of Baltimore is president, and Maj. J. C. Winder 
of Raleigh, is General Superintendent. 

RICHMOND & DANVILLE R. R. 

Of this road, which 189 miles long, 48 miles are in North Car- 
olina, its terminus being at Greensboro, where it has connection 
with the N. C. Railroad. It passes through a good farming 
•country, and through counties noted for the cultivation of to- 
l>acco. Col. A. S. Buford of Richmond, Ya., President. 

SEABOARD & ROANOKE E. R. . 

This road is 80 miles long, of which 35 miles are in the State, 
It extends through the eastern edge of the oak belt, from Ports- 
mouth to Weldon, in Northampton county, at which point it has 
connection with the various railroads that pass through Weldon. 
■Col. John M. Robinson of Baltimore, is President. 

WESTERN N. C. R. R. 

Of this road about 130 miles aie completed. It begins at Sal- 
isbury and, crossing the Blue Ridge, will extend to some point 

■on the Tennessee line. This road, when completed, will de- 
velope a region of Western North Carolina unsurpassed on the 

■continent for its beautiful scenery, rich farming lands and inex- 
haustible mineral resources. Mr. .las. W. Wilson of Morganton, 

.is President. 

WILMINGTON & WELDON R. R. 

This road is 173 miles in length, and extends from Wilming- 



170 KAILROADS. 



ton iu a northwardly direction nearly across the State. It has 
many important connections at Wilmington, Goldsboro and 
Weldon, passes principally throuoh the region of the long leaf 
pine. It is part of the Atlantic coast fast inail and passenger 
route. Col. R. R. Bridgers, is President, and has his ofEce at 
Wilmington. 

WILMIN^GTOlSr, COLUMBIA & AUGUSTA R. K. 

The length of this road is 189 miles, of which 64 are iu the 
State. It runs through the southern belt of the long leaf pine 
of the State, and passes through a section noted for its supplies 
of naval stores and agricultural products, especially cotton.. 
Col. R. R. Bridgers of Wilmington, President. 

JAMESVILLE & WASHINGTON" K. R. 

This road connects Jamesville, on the Roanoke river, with 
Washington, on the Pamlico river, being about 23 miles in 
length, and has connections with the boats on both rivers. The 
general office is at Dymond city. Mr. A. Fisher istheManager^ 

THE ROCKY MOUNT & TARBORO R. R. 

This is a short road of 14 miles in length, running from Rocky 
Mount, a station on the Wilmington & Weldon Railroad, tO' 
Tarboro on the Tar river, in Edgecombe county. This road 
passes through the region of the long leaf pine, and is situated 
in one of the best cotton counties of the State. 

THE CHESTER & LENOIR R^ R. 

This is a narrow gauge road extending from Chester, South 
Carolina, to Dallas in Gaston county in Xorth Carolina. It is 
imder construction to Lenoir, in Caldwell county, and will cross- 



KAILllOADS. 



171- 



the Western X. C. R. R., at Newton. Mr. A. H. Davega of 

Chester, S. C, is President. 

THE PETEllrfBURG R. R. 

This road has within the State about 12 miles of road from 
Weldon to the State line. This road connects with the Ealeigh 
& G-aston, Seaboard & Roanoke and Wilmington & Weldon R. 
R, Mr. R. M. Sully of Petersburg is General Superintendent. 

THE SPARTANBURG & xVSHEVILLE R. R. 

This road is under construction and is completed to a point 
near Hendersonville. When finished, it will open up a rich sec- 
tion of trans-montane country. Mr. D. H. Duncan is President. . 



ELEVATIONS ON RAILROADS ABOVE TIDE WATER.. 

Below may be found the altitudes of some of the principal 
stations on the railroads as designated. The roads not men- 
tioned failed to send the necessary data : 

ATLAJS'TIC & NORTH CAROLINA RAILROAD. 



Carolina City 

Newbern Depot. 
Dover Swamp.. 



10 i:eet||Kin.ston. 
12 " 'Summit. 

06 " 1' 



45 feet 
135 " 



CAROLINA CENTRAL RAILWAY. 



Wilmington Depot 

Rosindale 

Bladen depot 

Lumtierton 

Shoe Heel 

LaurinlDurg- 

Ridge near Old Hundred. 
Rockingham 



10 feet 

12- " 

105 •' 

135 ■' 

194 " 

230 " 

.3.37 " 

210 " 



Wadeslioro 

Polkton 

Monroe 

Charlotte 

Catawba River. 

High Shoals 

Lincolnton 

Shelby 



411 fee: 

,S03 •' 

586 " 

725 " 

570 ' 

1001 " 

866 " 

875 " 



GAPE FEAR AND YADKIN, FORMERLY WESTERN. 



Sanl'ord I 353 I'eetl 

Egyiit dpot 282 '■ ' 

Bottom of Coal Shaft (below i 

sea level) | 198 " | 



(Jolt 

Ore Hill at furnace. 
Greensboro 



279 feei- 
496 " 
829 " 



ir; 



EATT ^'OADS. 



NOKTH CAROLINA RAILROAD. 



Goldsboro 

Clayton 

Kaleif^h, depot. 

Dui'liam 

Hillsboro 

Mebanesville.. 
Graham 



102 feet 

347 " 

317 " 

400 " 

539 " 

1587 " 

677 " 



Greensboro, depot. 

Jamestown 

High Point 

Lexington 

SalisViury 

Charlotte depot 



843 feet 
821 '• 
943 •' 
776 " 
760 " 
785 " 



RALEIGH & AUGUSTA AIR-LINE RAILROAD. 



Gary I 40P fee<^' iTTp-ier Little River. 

Apex 50. c'sCreek 

Lashley'.s 33' ,r Little River. 

Merry Oaks 245 " |t-i.:a-on's Ridge 

Deep River 175 "' Drowning Creek 

Sanford ^» I 353 " | IHamlet 



360 feet 
260 " 
251 " 

508 " 
274 '• 
362 " 



RALEIGH & GV 



AILROAD. 



Weldon, depot 

Gaston 

Littleton 

Macon 

Warrenton, station . 



152 

380 
376 
451 



!.. re way 

Henderson 

Kittrell's 

Pranklinton.. . 
Raleigh depot. 



415 feet 
505 " 
417 " 
417 " 
303 " 



RICHMOND & DANYILLE RAILROAD. 

Greenshoro depot ...J 829 feetllReidsville 1 828 feet 

Haw River | 6,55 " Ustate Line I 653 " 

SEABOARD & ROANOKE RAILROAD. 

Weldon I 78 feetl ISeaboard | 133 feet 

Gary.sljurg | 146 " | IMargarettsville I "^6 " 

WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA RAILROAD. 



■SaliHliury... 
Statesville. 

Newton 

Morganton. 
Mai-ion 



761 feet 
940 •• 
1021 " 
1140 " 
1425 " 


Big Ridge Tunnel 


2567 feet 




2658 ' 




1977 " 


Asheville 


2250 " 



WILMINGTON & WELDON B AILROAD. 



Wilmington depot I 10 feetllWeldon. 

Goldshoro I 102 " | 



78 feet 



JAMESVILLE & WASHINGTON RAILROAD. 
General Elevation of stations about 5o feet. 



NORTH CAROLIN-A INVENTORS. 173 



PAKTIAL LIST OF NATIVE NORTH CAROLINA IN- 
VENTORS. 



Many very valuable and useful inventions have been made b}^ 
citizens of our State which would make an interesting chapter 
i- the list were complete. The names of all that could be pro- 
cured are given below with the hope that the names of such of 
our people as may have contributed to the comfort and material 
progress of their race b}" their inventive genius shall be pre- 
served: Models of inventions of our citizens should be placed 
in our Museum for exhibition. 

Anson County: Hosea Meggs, hand corn sheller. 

Beaufort County: N. Bell. A gang plow for cotton and 
corn, also a harrow. 

Bertie County : Willam and Thomas Turner invented the 
telegraph, also a sulky clock so as to strike at the end of each 
mile and to register it ; also a contrivance to keep sand out of 
carriage wheels. 

Louis B. Sutton . A guano sower. 

H. C. Eager. A washing machine. 

H. P. Harrell. An attachment for, cotton gins to crush the 
seed for fertilizer. 

Josiah Mizell. A cotton gin.. 

Buncombe County : N. A. Penland. . Ventilator. 

Burke County: J. G. Peterson. A. printing jDress, a bridle 
bit, and sewing machine motor. 

Camden County : Edmund L. Dozier. . Thireshing macliine. - 

Robert Bullook. An improved cnltivator. 

Malachi D. Dozier. An improved plow.. 

Casu'ell County: C. W,. Watson.. A revolving harrow. 

Catawba County: Levi Phink. Horse collar stulf'er, 

.lohn Davis. Buggy hub. 

ChatJtam County: Jesse Dixon. Ean bellows.. 

CJeretand County : Rev. L. 0. Wliite. . Washing machine.. 

A. J. Hardin. Hardin, truss. 



lU XOETH CAROLINA INVENTORS. 



Craven County : John Gill, of Newlx-rn. Vulcanized India 
rubber, used it on th. roof of a Iniilding about 60 years ago. 
He also invented the first revolving fire arm. It is said that the 
celebrated Colt's Revolver is a copy of the model made by Mr. 
Crill. The original is still in New Berne. 

Cumberland Cnunty : J. B. Underwood. Coml)ined chair 
a,nd treadle power, also cofl:ee roaster. 

Davie County: D. V. Davis. Apparatus for curing tobacco. 
Duplin C'lnnty . Joseph Shine. Cotton planter. 
James Wyley. Cotton plow. 

Edgecotnhe County r^. L. Home. A cotton jilanter, also a 
thresher to clean cotton of leaves and trash, to be connected 
with a gin. 

Forsyth County: L. J. Bodenhamer. Stalk trimmer and 
.cutter. 

Samuel Martin. A brick machine. 

Franldln County : Fenton Foster. Type setter. 

Gates County: Euclid A Story. Self-acting table fan. 

Robert Corbitt. Revolving cotton stalk cutter. 

George Eason. Corn plante]-. 

There are several styles of cotton ^danters made in this county. 

Granville County : Mrs. S. A. Elliott. ScAving machine reel. 

Greene County : Messrs. Butts Bros. Railway cotton press. 

Guilford County : Henry Wilson. Turl)ine water wheel. 

Allen. Brick machine. 

R. E. Sergent. Head block for saw mills. 
A. P. Borens. Horse plow. 
E. Tate. Grain cleaner, "The Little Monitor." 
J. L. Jones. Plug tobacco machine. 

Halifax County : P. E. Smith. Cotton planter, and a sulky 
and gang plow. 

S. R. Spruill, W. R. Wood and P. E. Smith. An electric 
light for buoys in channels and harbors. 

Hertford County .• R. J. Gatling invented the celebrated 
■'" Gatling Gun," and before he was twenty-one years old he in- 



NORTH CAROLINA INVENTORS. 1?5 



vented a wheat drill, which was entensively nsed in the North- 
west. 

J. n. (xatling, a brother of R. J Clatling, invented a cottort 
stalk cutter. 

J. W. Barnes. Cotton planter. 

J. A. J. Askew. Flat iron heater. 

Macoii County: Frank Poindexter. ^'ery superior violins- 
and hillside plow. 

Martin County: T. M. Barna. Cotton seed planter 

McDowell County: Friink Sumner. Washing-machine. 

Walter McCary. Machine for preparing shucks for matresses. 

Mecklenburg County: Dr. Dan'l Ashury. Asbury's tobacco 
aind frtiit dryer. 

H. A. AVallvPr. Leather cotton gin brush. 

C. F. Brem. Car coupling. 

Rufus jSorwood. Cotton planter. 

Pope. Cotton planter. 

11. A. Walker. Patent brush made of leather for cl«aning: 
gins. 

W. J, F. Liddell. Cotton press, engine boiler, truck wheel 
and horse power. 

JS'ash County : Malctrs Johnson. Cotton planter. 

New Hanover County : D. M. Buie. Distillation of oils from 
^cotton seed. 

Isaac Wells. Tanning leather. 

E. D. Hall. Machine for gathering, stemming and shelling 
pea nuts. 

yortliamjilon County: W. H. Burgess. Eoanoke cotton press. 
Ppr(juimaas County: Willis D. Riddick. Cotton press. 

John Van. Reversible plow hook. 

I'itt County: Richard L. Butts. Cotton press. 

JCtchinond County: McCaskill. Cotton p-ess. 

Leitch. Cotton chopper and planter. 

J ioclcinqliani County:^. J.FiehLandJ. C. Guerrant. Electro- 
niH^netic engraving machine. 



176 :N0RTH CAROLINA INVE^TOIJS. 



Eoiriui Cuuntii: "W. 11, Weaiit. Railroad switcli. 

Geo. Woodson. Railroad Ijrcak. 

Peter A. Feircks. An indicator for distilleries. 

Rutherford County: day Lewis. A cluirH. 

Oscar Willis. A water wheel. 

J. B. Evans. A cotton chopper and cultivator. 

Joe Scroggiii. Fertilizer distributor. 

Samp.son Counli/ : G. AV. >Sniiili. Vrnter- motor. 

Surrj/ Co-unly : Frank Ashbern. Seamless shoe.. 

Wako Count y: Jack Regan, Improved plow. 

R. D. Ghristman. Plow for barring or siding two rows at tlie 
same time. 

John S. Davis. Coft'ee pot, 

0. R. Smith. Cotton picker. 

H. T. Glawson. Improvement in pepper cruet. 

C. C. Clawson. Ice shaver. 

C. C. Clawson. Machine for filling and packing tolnicco. 

Wray. Cotton press. 

Warren Counfy ; Richard L. Watkins, Tobacco press. 

Wayne County: J. A. Shine. Cotton planter and fertilizer 
distributor. 

Wilkes Connty : E. S. Blair. Imi)roved horse rack.. 

Withes County: L. M. McGlamery. Machine for breakii.g 
iind washing hides and leather. 

Yancey County: R. Mclnturff.. Bee hive, called "Black 
I\t()untain." 



STATE PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS 177 

CHAPTER U 
STATE PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. 

IN'SANE ASYLUM OF N. C. 

The Insane Asylum of North Carolina is situated one mile 
■southwest of the Capitol at Raleigh, It is a building of impos- 
ing exterior, extending 726 feet; the wings are three stories in 
height. The centre building is 80 by 120 feet, four stories high, 
with an observatory which is 110 feet from the basement. On 
the fourth floor of the centre building are water tanks of a ca- 
pacity of 15,000 gallons, which are filled by means of the steam 
pump operating on Rocky Branch some three or four hundred 
yards from the building. The walls of the building are of brick 
stuccoed on a granite foundation. The floors, doors, window 
frames and other parts of the internal finish, are of the common 
long leaf pine of the country. 

The original heating apparatus has been succeeded within the 
last few years by an improved system. 

The entire basement of the centre and wings of the building 
is occupied by the heating apparatus, water, steam and gas pip- 
ing, and the large pipes for carrying off the sewerage. The 
steam is conveyed by pipes to the radiator at the base of the flues 
in the walls, thence through the flues to each story above where 
it enters the rooms and corridors through registers inserted in 
the walls. The water is conveyed by pipes from the tanks in 
the attic to all parts of the building ; one large pipe taking it to 
the boilers in the basement where it is heated and then by the 
force of gravity carried by a seperate system of pij^es to the same 
points, so that every part of the building is supplied with hot 
and cold water side by side. 

The sewerage is conducted away through large cast iron pipes 
running under each wing and connecting under the centre 
12 



178 STATE PUBLIC INBTITUTIONS. 



buildinof; and from this pipe there is ji connection leading to the 
main stack at the boiler house in the rear. 

The building is lighted by i-osin gas, nianwfactured on the 
premises. 

The lioors of the centre bnilding are occupied bj offices, drug 
store, oificcrs' private rooms, chapel, working rooms, storerooms 
and parlor, '^'ach wing has two wards on each floor, with 
twenty rooms in each ward, used for patients' and attendants' 
slce]>ing rooms and for store rooms for clothing. 

The house was originally constructed to ac'.!ommodate 224 in- 
mates, but owing to the great demand for admission there have 
been during the past years, as many as 275 crowded within its 
wards. 

The buildings are well prepared against fire, the appar^us and 
arrangements being very com})lete, and the large supply of water 
contained in the tanks in the attic besides a reservoir of 43,000 
gallons near the boiler house can, at a moment's notice, be 
thrown on any part of the house from within or without by an 
engine kept always in readiness for action. 

The garden belonging to the institution is large and well cul- 
tivated, and affords an ample supply of vegetables the year round. 
The first Act incorporating the Insane Asylum of ISTorth Car- 
olina was passed by tlie Legislature of 184S, making an appro- 
priation of |!80,000. Other appropriations were made b}" subse- 
quent Legislatures, the whole amounting to about $300,000. 

The first inmate. Andrew IL Holderby, of Rockingham coun- 
ty, a soldier of the ]\lexiean war, Avas admitted on 2:2nd of Feb- 
rnary, 1856. From that time to the spring of the present year, 
1878, as shown by the report of the Superintendent to the Board 
of Directors, there have been admitted to the institution 1,240 
patients, of wliich nnmber 315 were discharged cured, 127 im- 
proved, 180 stationary, and 334 died, leaving upon the books 
281 under treatment the present year. 

The enteriirise of erecting and maintaining an Asylum for the 
insane met with very strong opposition at the outset. The sue- 



STATE PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. 179 



■ce.^.s oi ohi! !iiov(^meiit vvari owing nuiinly to Mk; perKonal inliuence 
and exi'i tion of Miss D. L. Dix, whose life lias been devoted to the 
alluviii/uou of the sufferings of this class of our fellow creatures 
both in this country and Europe. On both continents she has 
been dirocbly instruuiontal in the organiz.ition of hospitals and 
asykuns lur their care and treatment, and in arousing sympathy 
in their behalf. Through her efforts the Pojje was inliuenced, 
some years ago, to erect a magnificent institution for the insane 
at lioiue. Through her influence many of the abases in the 
treatuieut of the insane in Scotland wei'c corrected by the Brit- 
ish ministry. The Lord Lieutenant of Scotland refused to hear 
the suggestions of Miss Dix and was summoned by the Premier 
to his presence and reprimanded, and the acknowledgement of 
hei' services was made in the House of Lords by a Peer, who ex- 
claimed: ''It is to our repi'oach that we have been aroused 
to the existence of wrong and instigated to the performance of 
duty in matters of charity, by 2k foreigner, and that foreigner an 
American, and that American a woman, and that woman a dis- 
senter ." 

Soon after the passage of the act of incorporation in 1848, the 
Commissioners of the Asylum were organized by the appoint- 
ment of Grovernor iVIorehead as Chairman, and the work on the 
building was begun. The superintendency was first olfered to 
Dr. Edmund Stiudwick, of Hillsboro, who accepted it only 
temporarily. He was succeeded by Dr. Edward C. Eisher, of 
Vii'ginia, on the first day of October, 1853, as Superintendent of 
Construction and Medical Superintenlent. He held tlie posi- 
tion until the 7fch of July, 1808, when he resigned and was suc- 
ceeded by the present incumbent, Dr. Eugene G-risoin, of Gran- 
yille county. Tlie other olticers of the institulion at present, 
are Dr. F. T. Puller, First AssisUrit Physician, who has held 
that position and faithfully performed its duties continuously 
since his election in 185G; Dr. James L. Craven, Second Assist- 
ant Physician, wlio has given great satisfaction since his election 
by the B )irl at their meeting in the early part of the present 
year; Mr. James H. Moore, Steward, who is now filling the po- 



180 STATE PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. 



sition for the third time Avitl; much acceptability; Mrs. M. A. 
Lawrence, Matron, who has occupied the place "^ith great effi- 
ciency for ten years, and Mr. James S. "West, Eagmeer, wlio 
was elected at the regular meeting of the Board in December^ 
1877. 

The Insane Asylum is one of onr grandest State charities and 
ought to be cherished and sustained bv our Legislature, and 
made a worthy object of State pride by all our people. 



WESTERJ^s" INSANE ASYLU:\r. 

The ^"cstcrn Asylum for the Insane is located at Morganton 
on the W. N. C. E. E., two hundred miles west- of Ealeigh. 
The act of Assembly authorizing its construction was passed in 
March, 1875, and appropriated ^75,000. Dr. Eugene Grissom, 
Col. T. Ceo. Walton, Dr. Nereus Mendenhall, C. B. Denson, 
Esq. , and Dr. M. Whitehead were the first Board of Commis- 
sioners. Hon. Wm. A. Graham had been named by the Legis- 
lature as one of the original board ; but he resigned before an 
organization was effected. 

Dr. Mendenhall was chairman of the board and Col. "Walton 
secretary and treasurer. 

A noble and commanding plateau of land one half mile south 
of the depot of the W. N. C, R. R., at Morganton, was secured 
at a cost of 13,800, containing 250 acres of land, a large part in 
forest. The head springs of the South Fork of the Catawba 
riyer, three miles distant supply a constant discharge of over 
100,000 gallons of pure free-stone water per day. 

The water is conveyed in a six-inch pipe manufactured by the 
Tredegar Iron Compan}-, of Richmond, Ya., and is carried by 
force of gravity to auy part of the building. The entire circle 
of the Blue Eidge and South Mountain ranges, the town of 
JMorganton, the W. N. C. E. E. track for several miles and a 



STATE PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. 181 



sheet of water covering forty acres of land lies in full view from 
tlie site. 

Under an act of Assembly dated 7th of March, 1877, the 
nnmber of the Commissioners of construction was reduced to 
three and they were restricted in the completion of the building 
to one wing and the main building. The present board con- 
sists of the following persons: Col. J. C. Harper, chairman ; J. 
Gr. Hall and W, S. Pearson. John A. Dickson is secretary and 
treasurer. The appropriation of 175,000 was expended under 
the direction of the first named j:board and in accordance with 
specifications prepared by Samuel Sloan, of Philadelphia, archi- 
tect. The total length of the building is 918 feet, and capacity 
when completed is four hundred patients. The design is that 
of the Insane Hospital at Morristown, N. J. 

The appropriation for the years 1877-78 was $60,000, with 
which the southern wing has been built and roofed in. The 
main building and other wing are built above ground. Six 
million brick have been used in construction thus far. The 
carpenter work is done in the asylum shops on the ground. 



THE COLOEED IKSAN^E ASYLUM. 

%. On the 13th day of March, A. D. 1877, an act was passed by 
the G-eneral Assembly of North Carolina appropriating the sum 
of $20,000 for the establishment of an asylum for the colored 
insane at some point in the State. Under this act the follow- 
ing commissioners were appointed by the Grovernor, viz: M. M. 
Katz, Wilmington, Dr. M. Moore, DupUn, E. B. Borden, 
Wayne, Dr. J. W. Vick, Johnston, C. 0. Edwards, Oreene, 
Gen. A. D. McLean, Harnett. The board selected and pur- 
chased a site for the location of this institution about one and a 
half miles west of Ooldsboro, in the county of Wayne. It is 
immediately on the North Carolina Railroad, near the Neuse 
jiver, and the tract contains about one hundred and seventy 



182 STATE PFBLTC INSTITUTION. 



acres. Tlic luiililing Avill aecomniodiitc about one luiiidrecl 
patients, and is under contract to be completed by tlie first day 
of September, 1879. 



DEAF & DUMB AXD THE BLIND, 

The North Carolina Institute for the Deaf and Dumb, is sit- 
uated at Ealeigh. It was founded in 1849. The colored De- 
partment was founded in 1868. The present attendance of 
pnpils is, in the white Department, 130, and in the colored, Go.. 
All deaf and dnml) or blind persons, residents of the State, of 
sound mind between the ages of eight and tAventy-one years,, 
are received and educated free of charge. The Institution is 
under the control of a Board of Trustees, appointed by the 
Governor. The principal officers are Ma J. E. S. Tucker, Pres- 
ident of the Board; H. A. Gudger, Principal; and E. Ilall^ 
Steward. 



ORPHAN ASYLUM, OXFORD, GRANVILLE COUNTY. 

Eveiy child has an inalienable right to live, to grow, and to 
learn how to be a useful citizen of his country. At Noah's 
flood, the innocent children were all drowned because there Avas 
no one left to raise them right, and it is still better that chil- 
dren should be drowned than that they should grow up ignor- 
ant and vicious and wax worse and worse as life proceeds. The 
State, the churches and the benevolent organizations neglected 
the oiphans in North Carolina, till 1873, when the Grand 
Lodge of Masons opened an Orphan Asylum at Oxford. 
Total nvimber admitted 44C, discharged 269, ran avray 23, de- 
coyed av/ay 4, died 6, adopted 19, now present 125. Orphans 
are received between the ages of 8 and 12 and discharged at 14. 
They are fed, clothed and taught in the common English 



LITERAEY INSTITUTIONS. 18S 



brandies. Many of the bo}- s discharged are learning trades, and 
doing welL Some of the girls discharged are married, others 
are honorably and profitably employed. Many boys and girls 
adopted by childless couples will receive the best social and ed- 
ucational advantages and enter upon their lifework with every 
prospect of success. It is supported by annual appropriations 
of the Grand Lodge of Masons, by the voluntary contributions 
of Subordinate Lodges and by the free-will offering of churches, 
benevolent organizations, and charitable people. This seems 
to be a precarious reliance and yet for nearly six years the work 
has prospered a ad the children have not suffered. It is found 
that orphans can be comfortably clothed, fed on healthful food, 
and thoroughly instructed in English studies at an average ex- 
pense of four dollars a month, or ^48 a year. In other words, 
one half the money which the counties usually pay to support 
them as paupers is found amply sufficient to feed them, cloth 
them, and send them to school. 



LITERA.SY INSTITUTIONS. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF Is^ORTH CAEOLIXA. 

The University is situated in the village of Chapel Hill, Or- 
ange county, twenty-eight miles from Raleigh, the State capi- 
tol, and twelve miles from Durham, oh the North Carolina 
railroad. The surrounding country is famous for its sparkling- 
springs and running streams. Some of the springs tire mineral 
and possess valuable medicinal properties. The climate is mild 
and healthy. The average temperature in winter is -42° F., in 
summer 76"^ F. The region is about si., huidred feet above sea 
level, and is entirely free from malaria, li.e scenery is remark- 
able for beauty. The soil is fertile, yielding wheat, corn, to- 



184. LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 



Ibacco and cotton. The forests around are chiefly of oak and 
hickory. The sale of liquor of any kind within two miles of 
the Tillage is forbidden by law. 

The University is a State institution, and is governed by a 
board of trustees elected by the General Assembly. The Gov- 
ernor is ex officio chairman of the board. It was incorporated 
in 1789, and, after careful inspection of many places, was lo- 
cated at Chapel Hill in 1793. The corner stone of the first 
building was laid with masonic honors by Gov. "Wm. Richardson 
Davie, Grand Master, on the 12 fcli October, 1793. The doors 
were opened for students in February, 1795. At the beginning 
of the civil war the University ranked third in the number of 
students among similar institutions in America. It has sent 
forth thousands of graduates, among them a President, (Polk), 
a ' Vice President, (King), eminent judges, statesmen, divines, 
leading men of all professions and pursuits, in all the southern 
and southwestern States. 

In 1875 the University was thoroughly reorganized and equip- 
ped to supply the demands of the public. Important features 
were adopted in the scheme of instruction, whereby, 1st. greater 
attention than heretofore is paid to the natural sciences, to-wit, 
chemistry, botany, zoology, mineralogy, geology and physics ; 
and, 2d, students are not required to pursue a fixed course of 
study, unless they so elect, but are allowed to devote their time 
to such subjects only as they choose, with the consent of their 
parents. The University offers instruction adapted not only to 
develop mental training and literary culture, bnt also to be of 
immediate practical value to those wishing to be farmers, me- 
chanics, stock-breeders, ph3'Sicians, druggists, engineers, &c. 

The following are the 

GEXERAL COURSES OF STUDY. 

1. Tlie Course in Arts, including among other studies both 
Latin and Greek, and corresponding generally to the old col- 
lege curriculum. This course leads to the degree A. B. 



LITERAEY INSTITUTIONS. 185 



2. The Course in Pliilosopliy , substituting science or a mod- 
ern language, in place of one of the ancient languages, and 
leading to tlie degree Ph . B . 

3. Tlie Course in Science, omitting botli Latin and Greek and 
embracing studies relating chiefly to agriculture, mining, man- 
ufacturing and the mechanic arts. The degree is S. B. 

There are also 

PAST C4RADUATE COURSES OF STUDY, 

leading to the advanced degrees M. S., Ph. D., and M. A. 

OPTIONAL AND SPECIAL COURSES OF STUDY, 

are also pursued under the direction of the Faculty by such as 
desire so to do. 

MUSEUMS AND ILLUSTRxVTIVE APPARATUS. 

The University has a large collection of geological and mmera- 
logical specimens and extensive apparatus for illustrations in 
the departments of chemistry and physics. 

LIBRARIES. 

The libraries of the University and of the Dialectic and Phil- 
-anthropic Societies comprise about 20,000 volumes of standard 
works. 

EXPENSES. 

The charges for tuition, room-rent, servent hire, washing, 
board, wood, light and books, range from $93.50 to $123.50 for 
each half year. The tuition alone is 130 for the same time. 
The estimate is made for table board at from $10 to $12.50. 
But many of the students club together and live to their satis- 
faction on $6 to $8 per month. 



186 LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 



BENEFICIARIES. 

Eticli couutj is entitled to send one student avIio is unable to 
pay tuition and room rent, free of charge for those items. Be- 
sides these, the Faculty, by authority of the Trustees, admit 
others who are proved to be worthy and without means either 
gratuitously or on the payment of such portion of the charges 
as they may be able to bear. 

BUILDINGS. 

The University buildings, eight in number, contain sixteen 
large halls, which are used for recitations, lectures and muse- 
ums, besides three library halls aii.l two halls for literary socie- 
ties. The University campus, consisting of 50 acres of undu- 
lating land, well stocked Avitli primeval forest trees, is celebrated 
for its grandeur and beauty. 

Connected with the University are, 

1. A Law Scliool, for tli3 pre^;ar..tio:i of young men desiring 
to j)ractice law. 

2. A Normal School, for the training of professional teachers. 

3. An AgriciiUural Experivient and Fertilizer Control Sta- 
tion for experimenting with plants and analyzing fertilizers, 
ores, soils, seeds, &c., &c. 

OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY. 

His Excellency, Z. B. Vance, Governor of North Carolina^ 
sx officio President of the Board of Trustees of the University^ 

FACULTY. 

Hon. Komp P. Battle, LL. D., President, Professor of Polit- 
ical Economy, Constitutional and International Law. 

Rev. Charles Phillips, D. D., LL. D., Professor of Mathe- 
matics. 

J. DeBeriiiere Hooper, A. M., Professor of Greek and French. 



LITERARY INSTITUTIOA^S. 18^ 



Rev. Adolplms W. MangTim, A. M., Professor of Moral Phil- 
osophy, History and Engiish Literatiire. 

Alexander Fletcher Redd, Professor of General and Analyti- 
cal Chemistry. 

George Tayloe Winston, Professor of Latin and German. 

Ralph Henry Graves, B. Sc, 0. and M. E., Professor of En- 
gineering and Physics. 

Frederic William Simonds, M. S. , Professor of Geology, Zoo- 
logy and Botany. 

Carey D. Grandy, Assistant Professor of Mathematics, Min- 
eralogy and Latin. 

Hon. William H. Battle, LL. D., Professor of Law. 

W. 0. Kerr, A. M., State Geologist and Lecturer on the 
Geology of North Carolina. 

x\lbert R. Ledonx, Ph. D. (Goettingen,) Chemist to the State 
Board of Agriculture, and Director of Agricultural Experiment 
and Fertilizer Control Station. 

Prof. Grandy, Secretary. 

A. Mickle Esq., Bursar. 



WAKE FOREST COLLEGE. 

In 1832 the Baptist State Convention then less than two 
years old, met at River Chapel, in Chatham county. At this 
meeting it was "resolved unanimously, to purchase a suitable 
farm, and to adopt other preliminary measures for the establish- 
ment of a Baptist Literary Institution in this State on the Man- 
ual Labor Princij^le." 

Under this resolution the farm of Doctor Calvin Jones, con- 
taining six hundred and fifteen acres, was bought for two thous- 
and dollars. The buildings thereon were considered sufficient 
for the accommodation of fifty students. "Wake Forest Man- 
ual Labor Institute" was the name adopted. Elder Samuel Wait 
was elected Principal. 

The School was opened ou the first Monday in February, 1834;, 



188 LITERAEY INSTITUTIONS. 



witli sixteen students; and the first session closed Avith sixty- 
five. The farm was cultivated in the afternoon, and at first 
two propositions were claimed as settled: 

1. "Students will labor." 

2. ''Their labor can be turned to advantage." 

Boys under twelve received two cents an hour, and those over 
twelve received three cents. But when settlements were made 
at the end of the session, so many deductions were included for 
sickness, and absence, that parents were disappointed in the 
practical operations of the ''Manual Labor System." An over- 
seer was appointed, under the st3de of "Tutor of Husbandry." 
But the Manual Labor Department, though kept up for a time, 
was finally abolished. 

The number of students, however, increased so ra^^idly that a 
large building v/as absolutely necessary, and proprosals for its 
erection were published. This building was finished under con- 
tract with Capt. John Berry, of Orange, in 1838. 

Doctor Wait presided over the College for a dozen years, and 
was succeeded by Doctor Hooper, who remained two years. 
Professor J. B. White succeeded Doctor Hooper. He remained 
but a little while, removing west; and, after a short interregnum 
under Professor O^ven, Doctor Wingate succeeded to the Presi- 
dency in 1854. Before the war, tlie debt of tweuty thousand 
dollars incurred by buildings etc., Avas cancelled, and an endow- 
ment of nearly one hundred thousand dollars secured. During 
the Avar this amount was nearly lost. College exercises were sus- 
pended, the building used as a hospital, and full Avork Avas not 
resumed until 1867. With its building greatly marred, its en- 
dowment lost, and but few able to avail themselves of its advan- 
tages, the Institution could not for a time, meet expenses. 
SloAvly, however, the Trustees repaired and renewed the building 
and grounds, paid off the accumulating debts, and realized the 
beginning of an endowment. Through the efforts of Elder Pure- 
toy, Avho labored Avithout compensation, generous friends at the 
North donated ten thousand dollars. The present endowment 
bearing interest is forty thousand dollars. Notes are also held 
for a lars-e amount, and the work of individual contributions 



LITEEARY INSTITUTIONS. 189 



still continues. A new building ("Science Hall/') the gift of 
Messrs. Heck and Williams, of Raleigh, has been erected near 
the site of the one built in 1838. It contains, besides the rooms 
for scientific purposes two large halls for the Literary Societies. 
Another building is in contemplation on a line with these, and 
the three are to be connected by porches and double colonades 
so as to present an unbroken front of nearly five hundred feot. 

The College grounds already inclosed, and with improvements 
begun, are ample; and from their elevation and natural beauty 
promises to be unusally picturesque and imposing. The trains 
of the Raleigh and G-aston railroad skirt the campus, and stop 
at the depot in front of the College. It is in the midst of a 
rural village, and in a neighborhood of sobriety and thrift. 

While accessible and central, it is retired; and partly on this 
account bu:ti:ins the character enjoyed from the first for the 
good order, sobriety and studious habits of its young men. 
Among the Alumni are talented teachers, successful law^^ers and 
physicians, intelligent farmers, prosperous merchants, and able 
ministers. It is said that but two per cent of the graduates have 
proved failures. 

The course of instruction since the war has been modified. 
Early in its history, and soon after abolishing its "manual 
labor system," it became by charter and by character a College, 
teaching the usual curriculum of our State University and other 
similar institutions, and conferring the usual degrees. As its 
endowment enlarged it dropped the Preparatory Department, 
and provided strictly for collegiate students in a four years 
course. Since the war, its character has changed by borrowing 
from the plan of Universities. It permits a selection of studies 
(a limited "elective system") enlarges the number from which a 
selection maybe made, and arranges its diplomas with reference 
to distinct branches. It attempts to improve its scholarship 
by written examinations, as well as daily recitations; and gives 
its certificates, and ultimately its dij)lomas, only to those who 
secure a fixed grade of scholarship. In the classics, it gives spe- 
cial attention to analysis; to the rendering of English into these 
tongues as well as translating these into English; and to the- 



190 LITERARY KsSTlTUTIONS. 



GreeV accent. If has enlarged the mathematical and scientific 
conrses, added to the number of modern languages taught, and 
attempts to give an importance to the English language, its 
nature, hiijtory, and literature, not heretofore permitted. Final- 
ly, the aim has been, not ambitiously, but modestly and earn- 
estly with the advantages possessed, to tone up to a higher grade 
the character and scholarship of educated young men, and to 
enable them to be what their diplomas promise for them more 
thoroughly practical and better furnished for the duties of life. 



DAVIDSON COLLEGE. 

Davidson College is situated in Mecl<lenburg county, on the 
healthy ridge which devides the waters of the Yadkin and Ca- 
tawba rivers, and has daily communication, by railroad, with 
Charlotte and Statesville. It was organized in March, 1837, 
under the Presidency of the Rev. R. H. Morrison, D. D. , but 
did not receive its charter from the Legislature of the State un- 
til December, 1838. 

During the forty years of its existence it has continued unin- 
terruptedly in its work of education. Even during the civil war 
from four to six professors were at their post doing what they 
could for the instruction of disabled soldiers, and the youth of 
the land who were still out of the army, and needing more than 
ever the advantages of a thorough education. Over four hun- 
dred young men have been graduated in the College ; and in 
addition to these many others who have taken only a partial 
course of instruction, are now filling places of responsibility and 
honor in this and the adjacent States. 

Though founded by the Presbyterians of North Carolina, and 
now under the immediate care of the Presbyterians of this State, 
and of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida, Davidsou College 
is, in no sense, sectarian, but, in the language of its charter, it 
was designed ''to educate youth of all classes without any re- 
gard to the distinction of religious denominations." Its ad- 



LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 191 



vantages are offered to all, and its honors have frequently been 
won b}^ young men of other churches. The central idea in its 
management has always been, that morality and virtue re the 
only safe fonndations upon which to rest individual develop- 
ment, and, that these must go hand in hand with intellectual 
training. Few literary institutions, in a.nj country, have ever 
more successfully realized this idea in its pupils. But the course 
of instruction, while mainly directed to the development of the 
moral and intellectual powers of the pupil, does not overlook 
the practical uses of knowledge. In the departments of science 
the practical applications are faithfully taught, A regular 
■science course of three years is provided for. 

The endowment of the College, though greatly injured by the 
war, is still sufficient, with the aid of tuition from the paying 
students, to me^^t professor's salaries, and all the current ex- 
penses of the institution. In addition to this, from $1,500 to 
$2,000, are annually given, in free tuition, to candidates for the 
ministry, and other needy and deserving young men. No 
worthy applicant for admission is ever turned away from David- 
son College because of lack of funds. Living, too, is cheap; 
the r'egular boarding houses charge only from 18.50 to 112.50 
per month, and many of the best pupils in the College board, 
by the messing system, for about $6 per month. 

The equipment of the College is complete. The main build- 
ing was erected at a cost of over 190,000, and the other build- 
ings furnish comfortable residences for professors, and for socie- 
ty halls, library rooms, and dormitories. The apparutus for il- 
lustrating the departments of Chemistry, Geology, Mathematics, 
Natural Philosophy, and Astronomy has been filled up at a cost 
of about '155,000, and is in excellent working order. There are 
six professors in the corps of instruction, three of whom have 
had European training, and all have enjoyed many advantages 
in fitting themselves for the work of the class-room. Rev. A. 
D. Hepburn, D. D., the President, has had an extensive college 
experience in this country and in Europe ; teaching has been 



192 LITEKARY INSTITUTIONS. 



his lifc-worlv, and botli as professor and president he has labored 
successfully in other Listitutions. 



CAEOLINA MILITARY INSTITUTE, CHARLOTTE, N. 0. 

The Carolina Military Institute was established by Col. J. P. 
Thomas, of South Carolina, at Charlotte, N. C, Oct 1, 1873. 

The object of the founder was to organize a Military College 
ojDen to the youth of the Carolinas as well as to the country at 
large. 

The Institute has been in successful operation since its estab- 
lishment. 

It has had about two hundred and seventy- five boys and young 
men under its instruction, and has turned out three small grad- 
uating classes. 

It has derived its support mainly from South Carolina, North 
Carolina, Georgia and Florida. Its matriculates for the year 
have varied in number from seventy-five to one hundred and 
thirty. 

The discipline is strictly military. At the same time all the 
moral and religious influences that can be wielded are brought 
to bear upon cadets. 

A neat uniform of gray cloth is worn. 

The course of instruction is designed to accomplish a thor- 
ough scholastic and practical training, and seeks to secure a 
judicious combination of the scientific and the aesthetic element. 
The studies pursued and the instruction given are comprised 
under the following heads : 

1. Mathematics. 

2. Physical Science. 

3. History, Belles Lettres and Ethics. 

4. Modern Languages (French and German.) 

5. Ancient Languages, (Latin and Greek.) 

6. Commercial Department. 



LITEEARY INSTITUTIONS. 193 



7. Physical and Military Department. 

The following compose its present Corps of Officers and Pro- 
fessors : 

Col. J. P. Thomas, Superintendent, and Professor of History, 
Belles-Lettres and Ethics. 

Capt. Wm. Cain, Professor Mathematics, Physics and Engi- 
neering. 

First-Lieat, J. P. Thomas, Jr., Assistant Professor of Mathe- 
matics and Physics, "and in^charge of Preparatory Department. 

M. M. Fargrove, A. M., Professor of Ancient and Modern 
Languages. 

Second-Lieut. E. G. Thomas, Assistant Instructor. 

Second-Lieut. E. G, Thomas, Quarter -Master. 

Jos. Graham, M. D.; Surgeon. 

The C. M. I. is conducted in the buildings of the late N. C. 
M. Institute, which, having been erected with special reference 
to the purposes of a Military, School of high grade, are commo- 
dious, and convenient. The grounds, embracing twenty-six 
acres, are ample, the site is commanding and attractive, and the 
health of the place, it is thought, unsurpassed by that of any 
educational establishment in the land. 



TEINITY COLLEGE. 

This Institution is located in the northwest corner of Ran- 
dolph county, near High Point, on the N. C. Railroad. The 
Postoffice is Trinity College. The location is in a fine rolling 
country with the very best water, remarkable for health, ad- 
vanced agriculture, good citizenship, and almost all desirable 
qualities. The buildings are substantial and ample. The 
Chapel will seat 1,950 persons and is one of the best auditoriums 
in the United States. The libraries aggregate 10,000 volumes. 
The Museum and apparatus are good, and the accommodations 
for students are convenient and comfortable. 

The course of study is substantially the same as in first class 

13 



194 LITEEAKY IXSTITUTlOIs'S. 



colleges generally; the discipline and oversight are effective and 
successfnl, and the expenses are so small and so arranged as to 
suit nearly all classes and conditions. 

The College at first was a N^ormal College, and was the first 
of the kind in the State. Under this charter the Institution 
was very prosperous, and trained a large number of teachers, 
who have had much to do witji education in the State. In 1853 
the charter was changed, and the College was made a regular 
Institution, with all the powers and privileges of Colleges and 
Universities generally. 

The whole number of graduates is 226; of these 27 are preach- 
ers, 59 lawyers, 62 teachers, 22 physicians, 23 bankers and mer- 
chants, 22 farmers, 3 editors. 

Honorary Degrees Conferred — A. M., 15; D. D., 14; LL. 

D.,2. . 

The Faculty consists of a President, four Professors and one 

Tutor. 

The College buildings, apparatus and land are estimated at 

$50,000. 

In addition to the usual College curriculum, there are schools 
of Law, Theology, Engineering, Business Course and other 
branches of special instruction. 

Commencement is on the second Thursday in June, and the 
sessions commence twelve weeks thereafter. 

The number of students during the past year was],136. 

The President is Kev.B. Craven, D. D. LL D. 



THE BINGHAM SCHOOL. 

The Bingham School, Mebaneville, N. C, Maj. Eobert Bing- 
ham, Superintendent, is one of the ancient landmarks, and 
thouo-h it is the oldest school in the South and one of the oldest 
in the United States, (like the mythical Apollo) it has perpetual 
youth and perennial vigor. 

This school was founded in 1793, (85 years ago) by the Rev, 



LITERAEY INSTITUTIONS. 195 



Wm. Biugham, who died in 18.25, and was succeeded by the 
late W. J. Biugham. He was succeeded by tiie late Col. Wm. 
Bingham. After Col. Bingham's death in 1873, Maj. Eobert 
Bingham became Superintendent. Under liis control the school 
has steadily increased in popular favor. The last catalogue 
states that during the past year (168th and lo9th sessions) 142 
cadets were in aitendance. The area from which this patronage 
is drawn extends from Virginia, Kentucky and Wisconsin on the 
north to Florida and Texas on the south. Asia is also represen- 
ted, and Vermont and South America have also sent students. 
It is claimed, that while other expenses are below the average, 
this North Carolina School commands higher tuition fees than, 
any other institution of learning for males in the Southern. 
States. The buildings are all new and well adapted to school 
purposes. The oifers made to young men with limited means 
for an education are very liberal. The military feature, intro- 
duced during the war, proves so yaluable for health, discipline, 
and scholarship, that it has become a fixture; but no miiicary 
exercise is allowed to interfere with the prosecution of study. 

This institution, so excellent in its appointments, has before 
it a promising career of future usefulness. 



WILSON COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE. 

This Institution, which admits both sexes, is located at Wil- 
•son, N. C, on the Wilmington and Weldon Eailroad. It was 
founded January 2d, 1872, and chartered January 24th, 1872, 
by the Legislature of North Carolina; and to it were granted the 
full collegiate powers of conferring degrees and diplomas in all 
the departments of literature, science and art. 

Its founder and principal, Prof. Sylvester Hassell, A. M., is a 
son of Elder C. B. Hassell, of Williamston, Martin county, N. 
C. He is a graduate, with the highest honors, of the University 
'Of North Carolina, class of 1862. 



196 LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 



DiiriDg the seven years thiit ho 'ms taught in Wilson, be has 
employed five teachers, and had an average of l'?0 students. 
Dnring the centennial year, the income from tuition fees is be- 
lieved to have been greater than was received by any other In- 
stitution in North Carolina. 

The leading features of the AVilson Collegiate Institute are 
the employment of none but the most competent, experienced 
and successful teachers; a large and valuable library, open at all 
times to the students; abundant charts and scientific apparatus; 
lectures on hygiene, science, literature and ethics; special ad- 
vantages for business training; full and frequent reports of at- 
tendance, deportment, and scholarship; the practical, stimulat- 
ing and refining influences of co-education; a mild but firm dis- 
cipline; and the privilege of living in the same building, and 
havino- constant association with the teachers. 



DENVER SEMINARY. 

D. MATT. THOMPSOISr, PRIIn'CIPAL. 

This school, for both sexes, was opened under the management 
of the present Principal in 1873, and is liberally patronized. It 
has three Departments — Primary, Preparatory and Academic^ 
Two courses in Academical Department — the Classical and the 
English and ScientiQc. Tlie school is designed to afford boys 
and girls a liberal, thorough and practical training for college, 
business, or any sphere in life which an education may improve 
and adorn. Principles of morality inculcated. The tuition is 
from $5.00 to $17.50 for terms of fivem)nths. Board $8 per 
month. 

Denver is a pleasantly located viUage m the northeastern part 
of Lincoln county, twelve miles weit of Davidson College. Five 
mails per week. 



IJTEEARY INSTITUTIOi^S. 197 

THE RUTHERFORD COLLEGE, Is^. c. 

HAPPY HOME POSTOFFICE. 

This school, which has been in successful operation for twenty- 
four years, was first commenced by its present and only Presi- 
dent, Rev. R. L. Abernethy, A. M., in an old log school house, 
with only eight pnpils the first term. In 1858 it was chartered 
by the Legislature of ISTorth Caroliua, under the title of "Ruther- 
ford Academy." It then had a patronage of 100 students per 
annum. In 1861 the charter was so changed as to give the In- 
stitution the legal right to graduate pupils and confer degrees, 
under the name and title of '^Ratheiford Seminary." In 1869- 
'^70 the Seminary was made a College proper by legislative enact- 
ment. Since that time the institution has been operating un. 
der this regime. 

The College is located near Icard" Station, on the Western IST. 
C. Railroad, in a community as remarkable for its morality and 
piety, as it is noted for its healthfulness. During its existence 
of twenty-four years, averaging annually from 100 to 250 stu- 
dents, there has not a death occurred in the school from local 
•diseases. 

This is a Male College, with a Female Department, having two 
distinct curricula, one for males, the other for females; yet both 
sexes are permitted to recite in the same classes. 

The Male Course embraces six regular schools, namely : 

1. Latin School. 

2. Greek School. 

3. Mathematical School. 

4. English Literature and Rhetoric. 

5. School of Natural Science. 

6. Mental and Moral Philosophy. 
The Female Course for graduation is more extensive than our 

Pemale Colleges generally in the South. We have a purely 
English Cour.-!e which young ladies may elect when their time 
Ind means will not permit them to take the regular course. 
This school confers the degrees usually conferred by other 



198 LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 



colleges. It iilso g'lxes free tuition to hU minor children of min- 
isters of all Ciiristian denominations; as well as to all really in- 
digent orphans. Daring its existence, it has given away to snch 
in tuition, over one Imndred thousand dollars. 

Tuition per term of 5 month, ranges from $5.00 to ('ii?20.00. 
Board, including washing, lights, &c., is from $8.00 to $9.00 
per month. Students can board themselves at from $3.00 ta 
$4.00 per month. 

The scholastic year commences on the 1st "Wednesday of 
August of each year, continuing 20 weeks, when there is a vaca- 
tion until tlie 1st Wednesday in January, when the Spriug term 
closes the year at the expiration of 20 more weeks. 

Excelsior, a beautiful village of some three hundred inhabi- 
tants, has grown up around the College. Legishitive enact- 
ments prohibit the sale of ardent spirits to any person within 
two miles of the college, under penalty of $50 fine for each 
offence. The act also prohibits the selling or even giving alco- 
holic liquors to students within five miles of the college, under 
same penalty. 

The graduates of this college are to be found in all the voca- 
tions and professions of our counti-y. Its honorary graduates 
are known "amona; the elders of the city." Its female gradu- 
ates grace our parlors and fill our halls of learning. 

It is said that no school or college in the South is doing more- 
good for the church and poor. Let this be its reward. 



FINLEY HIGH SCHOOL. 

This School, located in the town of Lenoir, Caldwell county, 
was organized in the fall of 1857, by Capt. N. P. Rankin, and 
has been in successful operation for twenty-one years. 

It was named in compliment to Mrs. James Harper, whose 
maiden name was Finley. 

E. W. Faucette, the present Principal, was associated witb 



LITEEARY INSTITUTIONS. 199 



Capt. Rankin for some time, and afterwards became sole Prin- 
cipal. 

In 1869, Henry C. Dixon, the present Associate Principal, en- 
tered upon his duties in the school. 

Rev. B. L. Beall, Hon. M. A. Bernhardt and Rev. P. P. 
Winn, have been, at different times, associate teachers. 

Alter a successful career of twenty-one years, we regard the 
Finley High School as an established institution. It has re- 
ceived joatronage from nearly every Southern State, and in point 
of thorough scholarship "stands in the front rank among our 
schools." Its pupils have stood among the very first in our 
Colleges and University. 

Duiing the present year, a large, convenient and handsome 
school building has been erected in a beautifnl situa.tion in a 
campus containing four acres, on which is a spring of excellent 
water. 

Lenoir is becoming well known for tlie morality and intelli- 
gence of its citizens, its fine climate, its pure, cold water and its 
beautiful mountain scenery. 

Good board can be obtained in tlie village at ^10 per month. 
Tuition, for a term of five month, $26.00. 



GREENSBORO FEMALE COLLEGE. 

In September 1S43, the corner-stone of the Greensboro Fe- 
male College bniiding was laid. In the summer of 1845, the 
bnilding, made of brick, containing 36 rooms was completed. 
On the 1st of February 1846, Rev. S. Lea was elected President. 
This was the first regularly chartered female college in North 
Carolina, and the second, south of the Potomac. In 1855 the 
number of pupils increased to such an extent, as to render it 
necessary either to enlarge the building, cr limit the patronage 
of the school to a specified number. In 1856 a wing on the 
west end of the building was erected. Still there was a de- 



200 LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 



mand for more room, and in 1859 a Aving on the east end of 
the building was erected. 

On the 9th of August 1863, in the midst of brilliant success, 
it was consumed by lire. August 27th, 1873, ten years and 
seventeen days after the destruction of the old building the 
college was re-opened with a faculty consisting of four profess- 
ors, and five lady teachers. T'he new building is very large, 
commodious, and well suited for school purposes. The dormi- 
tories are neatly furnished, well ventilated, and warmed by 
means of fire places. The school offers superior advantages for 
the mental and moral training of young ladies. The object of 
the faculty is, so to govern and instruct those committed to 
their care, as to prepare them, not only for society, but for the 
stern realities of responsible existence. 

Eer. S. Lea, Rev. A. M. Sliipp, D. D., Rev. C. F. Deems, 
D. D. LL. D., and Rev. T. M. Jones, D. D., have in turn fill- 
ed the honored and responsiblt* position of President, assisted by 
able corps of teachers. 



RALEIGH BAPTIST FEMALE SEMINARY. 

This school was opened for the reception of pujjils in August 
1870, under the administration of Rev. W. Royall, D. D. In 
August, 1871, it passed into the hands of Mr. F; P. Hobgood, 
who is still its Principal. 

The building?, consisting of a central building and two wings, 
are large and commodious, and are delightfully located in the 
northeastern part of the city, on Blount street. They are heat- 
ed mainly by hot air furnaces. 

The grounds comprise several acres, which are tastefully laid, 
out and decorated with flowers and evergreens. 

The school has all the improved facilities for securing the 
intellectual and physical development of its pupils 

The gymnasium is supplied with suitable implements for 
teaching the calisthenic exercise, which all the pupils are re- 
quired to take . 



LITEEARY INSTITUTIONS. 201 



The academic department has globes, wall-maps, a philoso- 
phical and chemical apparatus, and a cabinet of minerals. The 
kindergarten method of teaching children has recently been in- 
troduced with gratifying results. 

The library of the Clio Society has about one thousand yoI- 
umes, and is supplied with magazines and newspapers. 

The music department, in charge of Professor Bohlmann, for 
many years connected with the school, has one grand piano, 
eight 7 octave square pianos and two organs. 

Tlie art department, in charge of a graduate of the celebrated 
Cooper Union Art School, New York City, is supplied with the 
modern conveniences for teaching art. 

The last catalogue contains the names of five teachers in the 
Academic Department, three in the Music Department, and 
one in the Art Department, and shows an attendance last session 
of nearly one hundred pupils. 

The present session is an unusually prosperous one. 

The expenses for board, fuel, light, and washing and En- 
glish tuition per term of 5 months are $100. 

Music, drawing etc. extra. 



PEACE INSTITUTE. 

This Institution for young ladies, is situated in the northern 
part of the city of Ealeigh, North Carolina, at the head of Wil- 
mington street,, and about half mile from the capitol, in the 
midst of a grove of magnificent oaks, for which the city is so 
famed. The grounds contain about eight acres, laid off in 
walks and ornamented with flowers, shrubbery &c. 

The building is a large four story brick edifice one hundred 
and forty-five feet long and ninety-five feet deep, with rooms 
sufficient to accommodate eighty boarders. The Institution is 
under the auspices and control of Presbyterians, though in no 



202 LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 



way sectarian, every denomination being represented among its 
pnpils, and gentlemen of different denominations composing the 
Board of Directors. 

It is named after tlie late William Peace, Esq., an elder in 
the Presbyterian church, of Raleigh, North Carolina, who con- 
tributed 110,000 towards erecting the building which was com- 
menced in 1859 and nearly finished, when the war came on and 
put a stop to all operations. During the war it was used as a 
hospital by the Confederate government, and afterwards by the 
Federal government, and not restored to its owners until some- 
time during the year 1872. The buildings were then completed 
and put in order for school purposes. 

Rev. R. BurAvell and John B. Burwell then principals of^the 
Institute in Charlotte leased the property and opened the school 
in September 18T2. 

Since that time it has been in a highly prosperous condition, 
and is now one of the largest and best equipped Institutions for 
young ladies in the State. 

The corps of teachers consist of eleven ladies and gentlemen: 
Instruction is given in every branch usually taught in first-class 
female Seminaries. 

Hon, W. N. H. Smith is at present the President of the 
Board of Directors among whom are George Allen, of Newbern, 
John D. Williams, of Fayetteville; R. S. Pullen, the Messrs. 
Tucker, and Julius Lewis, of Raleigh; Cen. R. Barringer, of 
Charlotte; Hon. Geo. Howard, of Tarboro, and other gentlemen 
of prominence. 



ST. MARY'S SCHOOL. 

This well known Institution, now in its thirt3"-seventh year, 
was founded by the late Rev. Aldert Smedcs, D. D., in May 
1842. He was a man of singular fitness for his chosen work, of 
rare judgement and foresight, of well balanced mind and varied 
learning; with a great loving, sympathetic heart and a wonder- 



LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 20§ 



fill magnetic power,to attnict and inliuence the young. His scliool 
soon won the affection and confidence of its pupils and their 
parents, and attained a national reputation, resulting in a career 
of honor, usefulness, and prosperity almost unrivalled. 

After thirty-fiYB years of unwearied, faithful labor, the belov- 
ed and venerated founder was called to his rest, and his son, the 
Rev. Bennett Smedes, A. M., succeeded him as Rector and Prin- 
cipal. Having been associated with his father for sixteen yearg 
as assistant teacher, Mr. Smedes brought to aid in the fulfill- 
ment of his new duties, not only long experieuce in educational 
work, but a full knowledge of, and sympathy with the system 
of discipline and government which had stood successfully the 
test of so many years and now carries on the school with ever" 
increasing thoroughness and efficiency. 

Real honest, hard work he demands from all the scholars; the 
course of study embraces every branch requisite for the complete 
education of a young lady; the teachers are the best the country 
can supply; and no expense is spared to provide every equip- 
ment that can promote the improvement and welfare of the girls. 
The school is an Institution of the Episcopal church, under 
the supervision of the Bishops of North Carolina. Its pupils 
are trained in the doctrines of the church, and are required to 
attend the daily religious services, as well as those celebrated on 
Sundays, in the school chapel. 

St. Mary's has always enjoyed very extensive jDatronage. When 
it was opened schools of liigh grade were rare in this part of the 
country, and men of wealth and prominence from every south- 
ern State, sent their daughters to Dr. Smedes to be trained in 
all those qualities and accomplishments which would make 
them good, useful, refined and cultivated gentlewomen. And 
admirable women they have in most instances turned out to be; 
blessing their home circle, adorning society, wielding good in- 
fluence in every walk of life and earnestly working, wherever 
they may be, in the cause of Christ and His Church. 

Rarely is an ex-St. Maryite found who does not venerate 
her Alma-Mater and recur with grateful pleasure to her 
school days, or wish for her daughters the same advantages of 



204 LITERARY mSTIlTTIONS. 



moral culture and tliorougli education that she profited by, and 
so children of the third generation are now coming to be en- 
rolled upon the catalogue, and add their names to the long list of 
the daughters of St. Mary's. 



THE WILSON COLLEGIATE SEMIIS'ARY FOR YOUNG 
LADIES. 

The institution began its useful career in 1859, under the su- 
perintendence of Rev. C. F. Deems, D. D., LL. D., now pastor 
of the "Church of Strangers," New York City. He was fol- 
lowed successively by Professors Adams, Arrington and J. DeB. 
Hooper, the latter conducting the school with constanly increas- 
ing reputatioa for thoroughness of training, until his acceptance 
of a Professorship in the State University. In 1875, the con- 
trol of the school passed into the hands of the present Principal, 
J. B. Brewer, A. M. 

SITUATIOISr. 

Few places combine so many advantages in the way of society^ 
accessibility, health and beauty as this enterprising and moral 
educational centre of Eastern Carolina. The location of the Sem- 
inary is m the most elevated and healthy part of the town, and 
is recommended, as in all respect, the most eligible in the vi- 
cinity. 

BUILDINGS. 

The seminary edifice is a large and substantial structure, and 
w^as built especially for school purposes. Many additions and 
changes have been made recently to render the building more 
comfortable and convenient. It is now in thorough repair and 
well arranged. 



LITERAEY INSTITUTIONS. 205 



DISCIPLIN-E. 

The p,overnment is mild, but firm. The development of the 
moral character is regarded far more important than the cul- 
tivation of the mind or body, 

RELIGION. 

The school is non-sectariaa. Pupils are required to attend 
IJivine Services at some church on Sunday, and prayers in the 
Seminary Chapel every day. 

REPORTS. 

At the expiration of each month, printed reports are ad- 
dressed to the parent or guardian, showing the merits and de- 
merits of the pupils as exhibited in her general deportment, 
attention to studies and standing in her several classes. 

ADMISSI02S". 

There are no arbitrary limitations to admission. Each 
j)upil will be assigned to such classes as she is prepared to 
enter. 

EXAMIN^ATIOISr. 

Private oral and written examinations will be held at the 
close of each term. 

APPARATUS. 

The supply of Apparatus for illustrating the Natural Sciences 
is large, but will be steadily increased from year to year. 



206 LIEFRARY INSTITUTIONS. 



CHOWAN BAPTIST FEMALE INSTITUTE. 

MURFREESBOEO, XOETH CAROLINA. 

This lustitntion was founded nearly thirty years ago by the 
Chowan and Portsmouth Associations, for the purpose of fur- 
nishing to the Baptists and their friends a first class school, pos- 
sessing the necessary fac'lities for imparting a thorough and lib- 
eral education. They accordingly erected a large beautiful brick 
building, four stories high, and furnished it with an elegance 
and liberality which enabled it at once to take rank with the 
■best female schools in the country. This rank it still maintains. 
It is now in a very prosperous condition, and being free from all 
encumbrance, its continued prosperity may be reasonably anti- 
cipated. 

The location is eminently appropriate, embracing a tract of 
twenty-eight acres, adjacent to the t.^wn. This location was se- 
lected over several others in some respects more eligible, on ac- 
count of its celebrity for health ; and the history of the school 
for thirty years fully sustains the previous reputation of the 
place. 

The scholastic year is divided into two terms, thus: 

Fall Term begins 1st Wednesday in October and ends 14th 
day of February following. Spring Term begins the loth day 
of February and ends with the Annual Commencement, 4th 
Wednesday in June. 

LECTURES. 

A Lecture on some literary or scientific subject is delivered to 
the whole school, on Friday evening of each week. 

APPARATUS. 

The Institution is furnished with a very complete and supe- 
■rior set of Philosophical, Chemical and Astronomical Apparatus. 



LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. S07 



LIBRARY, READIMG ROOM AND CABINET. 

The Institute is furnished with a small select Library, a Cabi- 
net of Natural and Artificial^Curiosities, and a Reading Room 
supplied with suitable periodical literature. 

DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC. 

Music^ instrumental and vocal, is taught by the best teachers 
that can be procured. 

This Institution is now | under the charge of Rev. A. Mc- 
Dowell, D. D., President. 



/ 



208 PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN NORTH CAROLINA. 



PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN NORTH CAROLINA IN 1877. 





XO. SCHO'LS 


O C ^ 

<%8 


COUNTIES. 


XO. SCHO'I.S 


Co" 


COUNTIES. 


0^ 


c 
o 
o 


6 




Alamance 


38 
64 
SO 
15 
76 
46 


18 
8 
4 

18 
5 

25 


$ 4,269 
2; 664 
1,705 
4,453 
3 6i4 
5,362 


82 
64 
24 
66 
47 
24 


Johnston 

Jones 


-.56 
31 
30 
38 
33 
43 
33 
42 
65 
36 
27 
64 
39 
8 


27 
51 
24 
■8' 
5 

31 

10 

39 

3 

15 
36 
27 
U 


^! 7,548 
4,971 
5.459 
3,848 
2.572 
2,906 
5.9ic3 
:^,i6ii 

14 983 
1.214 
4. J 00 
4.509 
9,466 

15,141 


49. 


Alexander 


43 


Alleg'hany 


Lenoir 

Lincoln 


()•?. 


Anson 


'n 


Ashe 


jSIacon 

Madison 


87 


Beaufort 


28 


Bertie* 


Mai'tin ... 


39 


Bladen 


33 
36 
62 
S3 
54 
37 
15 
^0 
26 
54 
48 


36 
17 
14 
12 
31 
12 
9 
6 
42 
'6 
2) 


4,456 
1,756 


59 
50 


McDowell 

Mecklenburg- 

Mitchell 


8fi 


Brunswick 

Buncomlje 


r4 
1? 


Burke 

C"al)arTus . 


S.lilO 

6,70i 

2,294 

3,0>^5 

1,67 

8,482 

4,133 

5,844 


39 
^0 
27 
38 
44 
70 

•!9 
1:5 


Moiitg'oniery 

Moore 


09 
10 


Cal dwell 

Camden 


Nash 

New Hanover 

Nort I ' ami)1 on* . 


15 
60 


Carteret 




Caswell 


Onslow 


18 
40 
19 
18 


15 

85 

7 

13 


2.036 

6,4:3 

1.960 
5,166 


07 




Orange 

Pamlico 


38 


Chatham . 


18 


Cherokee*. . 


ra!<(iuotank 

Pender*. . . . 


??, 




13 
14 
60 
67 
15 
39 
24 
14 
82 
33 
44 
28 
55 
48 
45 
11 
15 
30 
17 
81 


11 

1 

14 

33 
2i 
20 
24 
1 

21 
11 
33 
44 
15 
49 
20 
6 
1 
46 
20 
26 


2.272 
'CUT 
3,.3(.0 
5,27!: 
9,533 
3,. 52 5 
1 ,811 
1,2?5 
5,161 
4,382 
8,ii4 
9,91 iS 
8,1.50 
5.907 
5,104 
l,95fi 
1,.378 
8,52( 
5,608 
11,088 


82 

68 
40 
47 
33 
40 
31 

m 

24 
67 

:n 

50 
87 
77 
45 
41 
82 
28 
71 




Clay 


Porauimaiis 

Person 


25 
27 
26 
21 
82 
30 
53 
56 
56 
55 
57 
40 
35 
54 
18 
23 
10 


32 
27 
80 

9 

22 
49 
38 
49 
18 
11 
52 

8 

7 
14 

"i" 

6 


5;20-i 
5,868 
8.880 

971 
7.. ^8 
6,077 
3,748 
6,646 
6,462 
4,784 
8.156 
3,868 
3,194 
3,226 

589 
1.270 
1,152 


25 


Cleaveland 


90 




Pitt 


K?. 


Craven 


Polk 


00 


Cumlierland 

Currituck 


1' andolph 

Richmond 

Robeson 


77 
47 


Dare 


8fi 


Davidson 

Davie 


Rockingham 

Rowan 


75 
6 


Duplin 


Rutherford 

Samrison 


68 




52 




Stanly 

Stokes 


49 


Franklin 


84 
99 


Gates 


Swain 


;I4 


-Graham 


Transylvania 

Tyrrell 


19 


Granville 


40 










Wake 


98 
19 


82 
23 


30.282 
6,796 


,^3 


Halifax* 


Warren 


51 




38 
44 
45 
26 
19 
89 
30 


23 
3 
11 
35 
15 
38 
2 


4,681 
3,195 
5,3.33 
2,893 
5,888 
7,744 
1.331 


34 
72 
01 
49 
25 
75 
27 






Haywood 


Watauga 


40 
37 
82 
35 
48 
34 


2 
30 

9 
20 
10 

4 


1.368 
10.769 
3,r50 
8,608 
3,201 
1.701 


50 






1.^ 


Hertford . 


Wilkes 


5+ 


Hyde 


Wilson 


31 


D-edell 




55 


Jackson 


Yancey 


92 



No report from this county to the Superintendent of Public Instruction. 



STATE PKEtSS. 



2oy 



STATE PRESS. 



Name of Papek. 



Place of Publi- 
cation. 



53 IK 



EDITORS. 



Randolph Regulator. 

Randolph Sun 

North Carolina Citizen 

Asheville Pioneer 

Charlotte Democrat 

Charlotte Observer 

Southern Home 

Charlotte Call 

South-Land 

Concord Sun 

Concord Register 

Durham Tobacco Plant 

Alamance Gleaner 

New North State 

Central Protestant 

Patriot 

Recorder 

Hillstioro Recorder 

Piedmont Press 

Central 

Record 

Carolina Watchman 

Salisbury Examiner 

Aurora 

Winston Western Sentinel.. 

W^inston Leader 

Winston Union Republican. 

Pee Dee Herald 

Lilesville Crescent 

North Carolina Argus 

Cherokee Herald 

Milton Chronicle 

Lincoln Progress 

News 

Enterprise 

Blue Ridge Blade 

Mount Airy Watchmen 

National Visitor 

Union Express 

Monroe Enquirer 

Reidsville News 

Reidsville Times 

>^pirit of the South 

Pee Dee Bee 

Western Vindicator 

Peoples Press 

■ Statesville American 

Statesville Landmark 

Farmer and Mechanic 

Oaserver 

Raleigh News 

Friend of Temperance 

North Carolina Farmer 

Biblical Recorder 

(Christian Advocate 

Transcript and Messenger., 

The Mail , 

Tarboi'o Southerner 

Wilson Advance , 

Wilson Express , 



Ashboro 

Ashboro 

Asheville 

Asheville 

Charlotte 

Charlotte 

Charlotte 

Chai'lotte 

Charlotte 

Concord 

Concord 

Durham 

firaham 

'xreensboro 

Grreensboro 

Greensboro 

Gold Hill 

Hillsboro 

Hickory. 

Lexington .. . 

Lexington 

Salisbury 

Salisbury 

Shelby 

Winston 

Winston 

Winston 

Wadesboro 

Lilesville 

Polkton 

Murphy 

Milton 

Lincolnton 

Lincolnton 

Madison 

Morganton 

Mount Airy 

Mount Airy 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Reidsville 

Reidsville 

Rockingham... . 

Rockingham 

Rutherfordton. . 

Salem 

Statesville 

Statesville 

Raleigh 

Raleigh 

Raleigh 

Raleigh 

Raleigh 

Raleigh 

Raleigh 

Goldsboro 

Goldsboro 

Tarboro 

Wilson. 

Wilson 



1876 
1878 
1850 
1866 
1852 
1869 



1877 
1878 
1872 
1875 



1875 
1871 
1874 
1821 



1820 
1870 



1878 
1832 



1875 
18,')2 
1879 
1872 
1868 
1879 
1877 
1873 
1841 



1877 



1875 



1872 



1873 
1871 



1873 



1857 
1873 
1877 
1876 
1872 
1867 



1835 
1855 
1867 
1872 
1822 
1870 



•Tames T. Crocker. 
.T. A. Blair. 
Purman & Stone. 
Tohn C. Gorman. 
W. J. Yates. 
U. R. Jones. 

McDowell. 
Neill Dumont. 
Dawson & Co. 

E. H. McLaughlin. 
Tohn Woodhouse. 
C. B. Green. 
Edward S. Parker 
W. H. McCormick. 
T. L. Michau.x. 

P. F. Duffy. 

.Tohn D. Cameron. 
J. S. Tomlinson. 

H. Bruner. 
T. J . Bruner. 
T. .T. Stewart. 
T. P. Babington. 
G. M. Mather. 
J. A. Robinson. 
•T. W. Goslen. 
.Tohn T. Patrick. 

B. R. Liles. 

C. D. Gale. 
McNelly& Singleton 
C. N. B. Evans. 

F. H. DeLane. 
Geo. A. Warlick. 

H H. Crowson. 

Chas. C. Harry man. 

.T. D. &T. J. Lowry 

Walter .T. Boylin. 

W. C. Wolfe. 

.Tohn R. Webster. 

J. A. Smith &Co. 

Wm R. Terry. 

Wm. P. Sandford. 

L. P. Ervin. 

L. V. & E. T. Blum. 

Eugene B. Drake. 

Ramsey & Brooks. 

R. A. Shotwell. 

Hale & Saunders. 

Hussey & Jordan. 

R. H. Whitaker. 

James H. Enniss. 

Edwards, Broughton & Co. 

Revs. Black & Reid. 

J. A. Bonitz. 

W. H. Avera. 

Cliarles & Battle. 

Woodard & Hobgood. 



u 



310 



STATE PRESS. 



STATE PRESS— ( Contitmed. ) 



Name of Paper. 



Place of Pubm- 

CATION. 



Editok. 



Wilson Zion's Landmark 

The Casket 

Wilmington Star 

Carolina Farmer 

Wilmington Evening Review. . 

Journal 

North Carolina Presbyterian. . . 

South Atlantic 

Wilmington Sun 

Robesonian 

New-Bernlan 

New Berne Nut Shell 

North State Press 

Elizabeth City Economist 

North Carolinian 

Times 

Enquirer 

Torch Light 

Free Lance 

Roanoke News 

Warrenton Gazette 

North Carolina Gazette 

Era 



Western Courier 

Chowan Gazette 

Liniversity Magazine 

Chapel Hill Ledger 

Beaufort Atlantic 

Jackson Courier 

Northampton Reporter 

Chatham Recoi-d 

Wilkesboro Witness 

Lenoir Topic 

North Carolina Medical Journal 

Reporter 

Reporter 

Republican 

Gazette 

Free Will Baptist 

Henderson Tobacconist 

Bible Record 

Sentry 

Express 



Wilson 

Wilson 

Wilmington 

Wilmington 

Wilmington 

Wilmington 

Wilmington 

Wilmington 

Wilmington 

Lumberton 

New Berne 

iVew Berne 

Washington 

Klizabeth City.. 
Elizabeth City.. 

Louisburg 

Murfreesboro . . 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Weldon 

Warrenton 

Fayetteville 

Hendersonville 
Hendersonville 

Edenton 

Uiapel Hill 

:^hapel Hill 

Beaufort 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Pittsboro 

Wilkesboro, 

Lenoir 

VV^ilmington 

l<'ranklin 

Danbury 

Bakersville 

Mooresville 

''■'remont 

Henderson 

Winston 

Winton 

ireeneville 



1867 
1878 
1867 



1875 
1844 
1858 
1877 
1878 
1870 
1874 
1875 
1877 



1866 
1871 
1875 
1873 
1877 
1867 
1872 



1877 
1877 
1878 
1878 



1879 
1878 
1877 
1875 
1878 
1878 
1872 



1878 
1877 
1876 



P D. Gold. 

P. D. Gold. 

W. H. Bernard. 

W. H. Bernard. 

Josh L. James. 

Josh L. James. 

John McLaurin. 

Mrs. Cicero W. Harris. 

' icero W. Harris. 

W. W. McDiarmid. 

S. M. Carpenter. 

Geo. E. Pittman. 

C. M. Brown & Bro. 

R. B. Creecy. 

Palemon ,Tohn. 

Hall & Thomas. 

E. L. C. Ward, 

W. A. Davis, 

Wm. Biggs. 

Batchelor & Lockhart. 

H. A. Foote. 

J. H. & G. G. Myrover. 

W. M. Allison. 

Davis, Smith & Ewart. 

Wm. M. Bond. 

Literary Societies. 



Briggs & Wright. 
Henry A. London, Jr. 
W. F. Porter. 
R. E. Blakey. 
Wood & DeRosset. 
H. S. Blair. 
Pepi)er& ^ons. 
T. W. C. Doake. 
McLaughlin & Clark. 
L. E. Johnson. 
P B. Clarke. 



1878 
1877 



r. A. Ramsey & Co. 
T. R. Whichard k Bro. 



AMATEUR PRESS OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



North Carolina Amateur 

Our Free Blade 

Oak City Item 

Boys Courier 



Rose Hill... 
Goldsboro . . 

Raleigh 

New Berne. 



— Carr & Southerland. 
1878|DjinieIs & GrifBn. 
1878IH. V. Paul & R. H. Engle. 
.... 'Howard & Wllev. 



TABULATED STATEMENT 



OF THE 



FAKM PEODUCTS 

OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



^13 



FARM PRODUCTS. 



FARM PRODUCTS. 











LAND AND CROPS. 






COUNTIES. 


3 

1^; 


9 
5 

< . 

— c 

S 
3 

>5 


00 

< . 


!25 


9 
« 


<6 

s 

s 
12; 




o O 

as 


of 

u o 

g-s 

s 
iz; 


1 

Y 


Alamance 

Alexander 

Alleghany 

Anson 


18203 
«220 
1115 

42t)8 
2752 


20154 
12944 

3589 

17830 

7016 


139 
6i3 

2318 
262 

4438 


4 

1 

270 


1 





219 
106 


138 
72 

126 
37 

283 


188 
453 


■^ 






123 


4 






481 

2 


65 


fi 


Abhe 


i61 


16 


1 




H 


iieaufort*. ... 




7 


Bertie 


496 


34419 


303 






38 


1003 


23 


9 


8 


Bladen* 








I) 


Brunswick 

Buncombe 

Burke 


13 

14968 

7143 

11439 

7370 

924 

'i6o25 

13821 

331110 

33 

834 

2187 

1878 

67 

302 

E;02 

56 

12 

2579r 

12163 


iroj 

23000 
14111 
16392 
13269 
14174 

'"'mie 

19781 
31974 

9614 
1142 

5403 
25638 
15358 
15691 
181:06 
18506 
786 
20739 
17.506 


97 
1626 
924 

55 
612 

12 

39 

249 

22 

696 






363 

""io 

2 



i 

3 


1948 
78 
IfcO 
104 
170 
361 

424 

267 

2204 

181 

631 

79 

841 

1899 

1194 

714 

551 

286 

.308 

95 


8 
273 
156 

82 
161 

59 

2ii 

231 
101 

218 
17 
72 

204 

6 
128 
88 
98 
23 
198 
89 




10 

n 


174 

5 

1 

33 


8 

2 

1 

2 


501 

218 


l!i 

IJ 

15 
Iti 


Cabarrus 

Caldwell 

Camden 

Carteret - 

Caswell 

Catawba 

Chatham 

Cherokee 

Chowau 

Clav 


241 

342 
6 


n 

18 


2 
1 
4 


1 
1 


406 
398 
254 


■?o 




7 


1 


31 


718 
119 
134 
189 
1362 
36 


4 




168 


v.'!" 


Cleveland 

Columbus 

Craven 




3 

709 

63 

22 


.312 


^•1 








VI 






4 


9'i 


Cumberland. .. 
Currituck 






1 


'?« 


1 






'?1 








2fe 


Davidson : 


205 
852 


23 


29 


10 


272 
280 


S(l 


Duplin* 










^1 
























i^'orsytli 

Franklin 


13385 
9131 


18378 
23882 


33^ 

128 


3 


1 


2 


306 

824 


345 
129 


55 
3 


■il 








Sfl 




889 

508 

14674 

3180 

25119 


17794 
1835 
32807 
20701 
30372 








1 


958 

23 

1019 

386 

288 


17 
33 

166 
38 

194 


2 


Vti 


Graham 

Granville 


\m 

1(0 
300 

2X8 


5 
6 




37 


SI 






24 


S8 




6 


1 


39 
10 


uuilford 

Halifav* 


10 


120 


2,59 


n 


Harnett 

Haywood 

Henderson 

Hertford 

Hyde 


1104 

3788 

2531 

597 

1026 

18915 


14637 
5679 
14759 
2(H94 
18479 
38698 


500 
543 
2394 
15 
41 
488 






5 


723 
79 
18 
501 
231 
262 


46 
56 
56 
41 
8 
254 


1 


42 


184 

58 


2 


67 


■11 






22 


45 


5 


6 

1 


309 

1 




■IG 
47 


Iredell 

Jackson* 


697 



*No repoi't. 



Parm products. 



2li 



FARM PRODUCTS— ( Continued. ) 



LAND AND CROPS— (Con^infted.) 



o s 
1 


H 

a; CM 

3-2 


1 

s 


9 

So 

s-s 


9 

<i 0) 

g.S 

s 


ft 
o 
<^ 

OS 

si 

15 


0) oi 

sa 
?^ 

1- 


9 
<! a 

•m'S 

^ 

a-2 

a 
S5 


9 

o« 

2.S 


1 = 


^ 




31 

5 


10906 
5313 
1555 
7048 
2(361 


877 
35 

542 

54 

1532 


2335 
45 

3346 

77 

23087 


24 


333 
375 
113 

" "i94 


132 
54 
39 
32 


3036 
1772 
758 
1042 
1145 


14 
4 


241 

253 


1 
2 
3 


:i 


9 
1 


21 
3 


12836 
8 


4 
5 

6 


1 


13 


2096 


22 




5 


6 


81 


695 


16 


15624 


7 

8 




228 

i 

12 

5 


55 
3137 
1617 
5353 
1933 
1133 








4 
694 
440 
116 

535 

27 


1 
84 
60 
11 
94 

1 


i2 

2267 
1208 

841 
1405 

126 


i 

14 
10 

i3 

2 


65 

29 

8191 

100 

1146 


q 





407 
88 

213 
93 
79 


3499 
320 

1537 

345 

5 


40 
30 
12 
12 

7 


10 
11 
12 
13 
14 






15 


1 

2 

1 


'""is 
14 


12900 

7924 

21876 

384 

566 

707 

9189 

115 

216 

731 

265 

7 

S1801 

8844 


1886 

360 

225 

44 

36 

110 

57 

1 

6 

1 

29 


i38 

839 
1536 

619 
6 

636 
44 
12 
40 
73 
14 


i9 

58 
10 
9 

7 
46 

1 

8 
14 

8 


600 

499 

314 

522 

8 

153 

409 

37 

40 

33 

487 


145 

96 

52 

55 

21 

36 

230 

6 

7 

44 

15 

9 

216 

23 


1618 

2476 

3989 

542 

277 

429 

1730 

593 

346 

993 

.375 


1 

14 

7 

64 

155 

4 

59 

62 

26 

103 

14 


82 
2161 
6a08 

""'3i57 

""87(10 

900 

6256 

3515 

75 


16 
17 

18 
19 


2 

2 

i 


2i 

1 

5 
90 
35 
55 


20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
97 


14 


71 
15 


1346 
607 


4105 
1453 


61 

23 


285 
318 


2770 
1832 


70 
12 


1946 
119 


28 
30 
























31 


3 
2 

■K- 


4 
10 


9850 
5700 


1229 
176 


37(» 
249 


21 
25 


391 
476 


45 
118 


3696 
1920 


56 
46 


42 

20498 


32 
33 
31 




30 


1345 

203 

I6a3 

13 
17157 


39 

10 

1535 

1 

66:; 


3 

146 

184 

15 

5799 






9 
23 

134 
34 

171 


823 
172 

2146 
364 

5668 


2 


4218 


■-'5 




7 
35 


21 
551 


36 




9 

11 
2 


77 
32 

8 


4138 
11894 

256 


37 

38 




44 


478 


39 
10 


15i 


6 

2 

30 

4 
32 


961 
967 

1057 
913 

1228 
14659 


1 

223 
35 
30 
18 

888 


4 

2524 

lr5T 

13 

6 

1124 


4 

""70 
4 

46 


12 

59 

316 

1 

68 

428 


27 
56 
51 
20 
6 
14:1 


884 
3U 

1125 
666 
158 

3453 


54 


45 


41 

4'^. 


1 
7 


1 
22 

iii 


16365 
1765 
5143 


43 
44 
45 
46 

47 



214 



FARM PRODUCTS. 



FARM VUODJJCTS—iConUnncd.) 







LAND AND 

CROPS. 


AGGREGATE AMOUNT PRODUCED. 


COUNTIES. 


< . 

J a 

3 


■w ai 

OP 


to 

m 
J, 

% 


72 
'J, 

M 
J. 

3 


35 
X 

M 

1 
P5 


•A 

M 


33 

2 

M 
1 

a; 


3 

o 
Ph 

I 

2 


1 A 


] Alamance 


18 

4 


1317 
108 

9 
4 
12 


98919 
32454 

7468 
18990 
1.5287 


319885 
191296 
73727 
166367 
133942 


584 

17.54 

23(31 

607 

17789 


106 
6 

2170 
4 

1833 




18518 


2 


Alexander 




10 


11121 


A 






'""ei 


50 
89 


41.S77 


5 


Ashe 




152 


K 


Beaufort * 








Bortie 


3 




3544 


323439 


2420 






7 


180417 


8 


Bladen* 








q 


Bi'unswlck . . . 




5 
46.fi 
188 

2 
135 


92 
75534 
47491 
52252 
70581 
(§)997 


44601 
395790 
231824 
191786 
157669 
135667 


203 
5573 
3717 

220 

2849 

58 






90867 


80(»24 


10 


1712 

48 

9 

72 




6247 


11 


Burke 


3 


15 
10 
15 


7407 
280 


•12.388 


T? 


Cabarrus 


8882 


18 
14 


Caldwell 

Camden 

Carteret.* 


Id 
13 


17725 
28947 


If) 










Ifi 


Caswell 

Catawba 

Chatham 


3 
4 

2 


6686 
90 
130 
108 

ii5 

40 

3 

116 

13 


63692 

106286 

1,33715 

16157 

12.52 

9865 

64970 

298 

1618 

2644 

287 

72 

115923 

75717 


403452 

F59800 

430072 

195608 

82723 

71774 

338682 

94146 

82965 

152295 

142206 

12828 

251250 

313516 


128 

701 

76 

1681 








27098 


17 
18 
It 


io 

1 
100 


6 


94 

io 

10 


21768 

58808 
9584 


«(» 


Chowan 

Clay 


9 

1 


38523 


«1 


2421 

687 

351 

28 

3078 

2672 






.5371 


Vv 




5 




938 

187107 

4315 

2673 

850 


39999 


as 


Columbus 




107367 


V4 


15 
15 




61442 


!i5 
2ti 


Cumberland .. 

Currituck 

Dare 


i 


6078 
21702 


?7 






18540 


as 

«9 


Davidson 

Davie 


24 
5 


556 
1539 


1365 
8692 


4 


156 


95 


175(HI 
11927 


.SO 


Duplin* 










HI 


Ed^ecomT)e*.. 






















Forsythe 


4 


3779 
342 


84024 
41634 


279118 
317312 


2095 
441 


16 




30 
60 


19017 
52810 


:i4 


Gaston* 










?.:> 


Gates 


1 
3 
1 


1 

28 

7645 

2 
1274 


3869 

1666 

86379 

22202 

128502 


258527 
27205 
415710 
226897 
484405 








120 


88425 


SH 


Graham 

Granville 

Greene 


691 
275 
1080 
776 


25 
10 




2272 


37 






66806 


88 




669 


38659 


4(1 


(iuilford 

Halifax* 


1 


125 


i494 


36946 


41 


Harnett 




28 
111 

24 
2 

12 
795 


4154 
19460 
12814 
5317 
5953 
96535 


101164 
105723 
200127 
197965 
156904 
435618 


1152 

1965 

11600 

85 

265 

1639 


"i253 

288 


6 
20 
22 


11.53 


6''355 


4i; 
28 
44 


Haywood 

Henderson 

Hertford 


1 


1809 
41^5 
.^5445 


45 


Hyde 


1 
Ifi 






9318 
20 


38894 


46 
47 


Iredell 

Jackson* 


28 


11 


18968 



*No rerort. 



FAEM PRODUCTS. 



215 



FAEM PPtODUCT.S— ( UontUmuL ) 



AGGREGATE AMOUNT PRODUCED. 



o 

Ph 

M 


1 * 

d 
o 


c 
s 
o 

o 

tn 


% 

m 
1 

1 

3 
A 
O 


to 
S 

5 


c 

,=! 

M 

M 

1 

Is 



c 

H 

Jl 

> 




CO 

C 


i ■ 

tn 

33 

5 


c 



% 

a 
,« 

m 

C 

3 

H 

10923 
5370 
1028 

8235 
2359 


M 
1 

5 




7625 
5775 
4780 


9283 

13129 

7491 

1901 


6210 

10790 
6790 
6480 


""56 


461 
26 


66118 

29797 
12557 
44084 
20958 


367 

2 

312 

9 
220 


1918 

208 

3187 

88 

2350 


28 

35 


491 

73 

793 
138 


1 
2 


1737 
13949 


110 


85;i 

5 


4 

5 










1995 


553 


5089 




490 


18412 


127 


" 


5 


1666 


294 


7 

9 


1040 


""47612 

12670 

11532 

21651 

61 


17612 
15218 
8273 
1363 
9230 
2365 




69694 
8 

15 
46 
121 


867 

25107 

6706 

26757 

8867 

7442 








144 

4083 

2974 

390 

5619 

825 


66 

6£ 

6 

75 

214 

7 





18878 
8128 
S'^ei 

15(iR0 
4195 


280 
186 
114 

48 
5 


2111 

158 
1790 
966 
302 


78 
74 
11 
44 
2 


10 

u 

12 
18 
It 








«;iy2 

12.19 

87!5 

10808 

592 

2862 

1071!' 

30f 

3856 

1873 

2944 

1100 


"'2oiio 

18864 

22614 

50 

10818 

20669 

8 

1017 

1175 


40i5 
7580 
12554 
17647 
1519 
5462 
4396 
18)53 
9610 
3925 
2844 


300 
38 
70 

iooo 

32 

5r 
211 

30 


10 
227 
827 

11 
118 
5 
211 
121 
112 
5 


72)25 

50396 

148859 

1511 

4828 

2913 

71874 

482 

107f 

3978 

5822 

100 

53386 

73055 


162 
70 
69 
18 
33 
29 
32 

""35 
4 


51 
691 
1209 
5.)6 

1 
449 
32 
11 
25 
26 

8 


6 
106 

36 
69 

■■■12 
11 

i 

1 

3 


10228 
3849 
4685 
1414 
52 

688 
6280 
1369 

154 
1727 

481 

930 
786R 
2820 


840 
481 
1256 

41 

146 

1 

91 
373 
141 
348 

444 

515 


17 
18 
19 
20 
21 

23 
24 
2-"> 
26 
27 
28 
39 
30 


25165 
9368 


i6625 
16624 


6801 
7063 


118 


161 


496 
37 


3472 
1402 


49 

88 






























31 


lUB8i) 
6386 


2842 
36 


8266 
7326 


52 

200 


8 
16J 


5 '621 
38817 


445 
100 


3668 
92 


26 
5 


7279 
10459 


342 
1653 


32 
33 
3t 


1643 
2473 


149 

3168 

799 

52 

15617 


6182 
3428 

.S221 
5707 

16492 


30 


440 


11652 
954 
91272 
10878 
9912r 


2 

20 

141 

4 

438 


1 

1'4 

50 

14 

5157 


1 
6 

i 

183 


258 

1184 

11882 

984 

17966 


338 
2 
877 
179 
857 


85 


18177 
2427 
15014 




90 
106 

75 


37 
3.> 

10 


814 
3648 


16 

12559 

10223 

1142 

25 

■ 32974 


3926 
11437 
5315 
3194 
7230 
14293 


6267 


86 


4502 
.=^617 
6749 
7102 
860( 
81362 


1 

27 
24 
28 

5 
140 


6 

218 

585 

9 

6 

1000 


46 
■■■■78 

""'46 


775 
5039 
3198 
2159 

302 
7285 


794 

ii 

106 

28 
328 


41 
1'' 


9876 
2466 
786( 




15 

493 


48 
44 

15 


12261 


102 


142 


46 
47 



216 



EARM PliODUCTS. 



FARM PliODUCTS— ( Contimied. 





AGGREGATE AMOUNT 




LIVE STOCK. 








PRODUCED. 
















to 


cc 


Oi 


a: 










s 


tS 


T) 


r^ 


^ 




bo 


1 


COUNTIES. 





a 


3 


S 


s 


"S 







sfi 











^ 




-Ji 









^ 


1 


'o'5 


'c 


c 
























t 


i"* 






m 


«j 


i 


OJ 








1 




,C (f 


;= 


^ 


^ 






£g 


X 


^ 


S 1 




2 


3 


11 




^ 


OP3 


614 


H 


2488 


5771 


;5 


iS 


A.lamance 


870 


87 


524530 


11282 


5473 




A-lRxander .... 


8(1 


68 


59 


37011 


1465 


3072 


7(6^ 


4232 


4 










2314 
873 


1351 
16-6 


3729 
5103 


42:-i4 
8;-80 


4J6;s 


Anson 


1875 


5723 


4 


3518 


5 




17 


10 




3402 


26;^^^ 


7877 


10046 


10300 


7 






Bertie 


865 


6526 




505 


2580 


9124 


22286 


4841 


8 
q 


Bladen* 


















Brunswick 


1468 


38 




4949 


418 


6737 


1.3297 


5954 


10 


Buncombe 


78 




67 


20838(' 


2490 


7126 


116:33 


1(212 


11 


Burke 


35 


4 


8 


48013 


1547 


4342 


6301 


4479 


1" 


Cabarrus .... 


38 


3233 




1625 


2' 68 


8610 


7OI3 


2711 


IS 


Caldwell 


5 


482 


244 


51741 


1567 


3660 


7606 


4.591 


14 
1=. 

IK 


Camden 


28 


£74 


100 




757 


1833 


5586 


1320 


















Caswell 


178 


19 




8047407 


2155 


3887 


10378 


1971 


17 


Cat awl la 


2.18 


1139 


36 


29747 


2593 


5818 


14360 


6980 


18 


Cliatliain 


238 


8847 


77 


89437 


41.'^2 


12381 


27858 


17177 


IB 
"0 








437 
14 


10763 
106 


17.59 
672 


8176 
1944 


5183 
7702 


5168 


Chowan 


831 


2450 


6?4 


''I 


Clay 


10 
17048 


""3876 


20 


20558 
7993 


766 
2655 


2192 
6209 


4998 
10062 


3336 


''>'? 


Cleaveland 


7079 


OS' 


Columbus .... 


6923 


309 




5482 


765 


7836 


18984 


7081 


94 


Craven 


773 


UOl 




205 


1099 


5889 


11446 


1947 


'^"i 


Cumberland .. 


1354 


1549 


1 


1498 


12-, 6 


5460 


1.3466 


,5069 


2ti 
27 
'>8 


Currituck 

Dare 


;-.78 


2 






766 


3455 


7064 


2(63 


5(10 








::>74 
3954 


17;^4 
7419 


2145 
15174 


1337 


1042 


998 


1047 


21468!' 


9488 


?0 


navie 


964 


435 


77 


73856t 


2110 


4011 


11225 


3863 


HI 
S' 


Duplin* 


















Porsvtlie 


7(37 


4 


8 


75:--84C 


2373 


5071 


10973 


4894 


83 
31 


Franklin 


15978 


11205 


42 


10953;- 


2834 


8929 


16045 


4704 


Gates 


3t.7 


1708 




751 


1161 


55(m 


14591 


2898 


i^5 








21 


498.- 
270793-1 


241 
3424 


749 

9S15 


1409 
21160 


IKH 


Granville 


^673 


1503 


8395 


M8 


Greene 


96! 


6407 




104f 


1.5;^4 


27(53 


12457 


773 


31 
4" 


(Juilford 


1()( 


103 




529321 


46;i4 


12905 


22392 


12191 


Harnett 


323 


2325 




481J 


893 


4728 


10073 


3871 


4 


Haywood 

Henderson 


t 




15 


24.57; 


70( 


2513 


41.33 


3910 


4^ 


2- 




125 


8421 


1261 


.5287 


670(- 


5408 


4 1 


Hertford 


40( 


5331 





865 


i;i'ul 


3547 


115(i3 


1845 


1" 
4 

4r 


Hyde 


7* 

14: 


30;^ 
203r 


451 


440851 


92ir 
35.-U 


461i 
6997 


8358 
15586 


1460 


Iredell 

Jackson* 


6471 



♦•No report. 



FAKM PRODUCTS. 



317 



FARM ^nOBJJ GTS— {Contimiecl) 



LIVE STOCK 




SHEEP DE- 




FRUITS. 














STROYED. 












bo 
O 
P 


to 

"S 

O 


8t 


O tn 








if 

O O 


if 

oj S 
fi o 


11! 


tip 




o 


o 


o(=i 


«fl 


05 
03 




?•« 


P,Ph 


u^ 


oPh 


^Pu( 




0) 




1! 


<lj 


S) 


< 


< 


Pi 


m 


0) 
Pi 


P 


g 


p--" 
pt^ 


5 


o 
P 


s 








13 

0) 


s 


a 


so 


So 


>. 


>. 






'S 


t^ 


!-i 


15 


^ 


?;'-' 


&^ 


■ M 


W 


o 


p 


p 


p 


P 




IS'iS 


90 


266 


2144 


332 


433 


159473 


93932 


71937 


5249 


1106 


1 


1008 


33 


120 


272 


238 


104 


93880 


87884 


41426 


14432 


130 


2 


438 




141 


184 


170 


IZO 


62959 


45824 




4521 




3 


1511 


288 


139 


233 


151 


267 


27157 


23978 


31482 


10 


20J 


4 


1409 


6 


197 


464 


600 


264 


80869 


77870 




1305 




5 

a 


2247 


67 


340 


5151 


185 


255 


4700 


761 


340 


16 




7 

8 


1034 


292 


i35 


1843 


273 


115 


2022 


764 


95 


10 


1159 


9 


16o6 


25 


130 


2958 


389 


650 


129667 


163025 


47980 


1944 




10 


1231 


23 


198 


1940 


242 


308 


50699 


67329 


26664 


7172 


225 


11 


1409 


114 


81 


262 


106 


94 


45404 


33682 


27198 


259 


100 


12 


1059 




179 


566 


339 


428 


68446 


88089 


21486 


10277 


218 


13 


702 


9 


46 


2158 


65 


29 


952 


301 


40 






11 








15 


2^30 


48 


151 


1344 


57 


60 


83891 


27138 


24393 


553 


547 


16 


16(57 


74 


287 


676 


685 


310 


152946 


172037 


106919 


28355 


351 


17 


2724 


201 


513 


9103 


1548 


1837 


128741 


93477 


94173 


3260 


664 


18 


653 


11 

8 


68 
161 


538 
1950 


3)2 
17 


220 
85 


31148 
3856 


32168 
445 


4978 
620 






19 


768 




2037 


20 


442 


18 


58 


1286 


307 


146 


14383 


24012 


5499 


665 




21 


1886 


97 


351 


1763 


712 


618 


78217 


108511 


95271 


5893 


6447 


22 


1233 


759 


157 


3592 


247 


415 


14660 


3990 


528 


12 


32 


23 


1933 


167 
340 


387 
158 


3493 
2006 


108 
206 


122 
342 


6999 
9102 


1207 
7917 


690 
4866 






9,4 


1345 




160 


25 


667 


15 


102 


2451 


176 


86 


1495 


110 


47 




20 


26 


171 


8 
38 


63 
382 


51 

889 


780 


49 
1282 


281 
224173 










?7 


2171 


177817 


187102 


39210 


2239 


28 


1392 


101 


180 


2433 


271 


355 


88547 


76148 


71934 


14852 


373 


29 
























31 


2055 


46 


200 


451 


343 


261 


168722 


190878 


181934 


57737 


2237 


32 


2453 


293 


296 


6359 


237 


329 


28710 


22662 


13122 


1105 


310 


33 
31 


1238 


218 


327 


4495 


21( 


91 


10789 


1693 


860 


11 


2 


35 


239 


6 


15 


124 


47 


28 


12809 


13766 


91] 




5( 


3fi 


3301 


153 


344 


5809 


275 


1158 


91961 


30298 


2468] 


19( 


172 


37 


1790 


148 


78 


3216 


i; 


149 


874£ 


1585 


93( 




154 


.<W 


2577 


39 


485 


1041 


727 


436 


255122 


188272 


211227 


27484 


484 


39 
10 


looa 


112 
2 
37 


112 
2S 
111 


1578 
699 
594 


126 

177 
158 


312 

449 
254 


28371 
43823 
38573 


6926 
62368 
32282 


4194 

7607 

1062C 






11 


42S 






if 


94^ 


59B 


50 


23 


1315 


8^ 


111 


3456 


6'. 


273 


978: 


87S 


716 




17 


44 


9W 


11 

I lis 


45f 
34: 


888 
1813 


91 

75C 


246 

eea 


774F 
206528 


■if 
19120e 








45 


213 




10545S 


16907 


S41 


46 
47 



15 



218 



FAEM PEODUOTS. 



FARM PRODUCTS— ( Continued. ) 







DAIRY PRO- 
DUCTS. 


FARM 

FENCES 


COM'L 

FER- 

TILI'S. 

■6 

9 

og ' 
Op 


SU- 
MAC 


FISH. 


WOOL 


COUNTIES. 


CO 

'O 
fl 

O 
Pi 

I 

S 

w 

74144 
45707 
62467 
46342 
82636 

""8783 

""3214 

126585 

37348 

63465 

100436 

7864 

'"68494 

83024 

146659 

34516 

41.5( 

30426 

106130 

5284 

92!i] 

13765 

6736 


7; 


Pi 

1 

<u 

03 

360 

638 

1409 

""5i89 

i5 

320 

145 

32.5 

1088 
46 

90 

57 
10 


01' 
6 

2266729 
1213060 
567366 
1265530 
1701856 

'"1392346 

"".5I3I92 

2138412 

776705 

981425 

1316937 

418332 

'"1.5622.30 

211(17035 

3496773 

314698 

393809 

290895 

1902889 

839174 

761601 

84657i 

636819 

63769 

2762947 

1280805 

l9(')3,3ll 
1638430 

" " 8'.')W134 

180350 

3310769 

1318090 

2i»37647 

" "746(')24 

562855 
818951 

1044150 
301337 

2458274 


03 
a 

H 



OJ 

P 

s 

3 
15 


% 

to 

.c 3 

m ca 



3 

t> 

194 

5 

67 

89 

'"47766 

502 
132 

8 

3 

178 

877 

85 

139 

708 

30 

82813 

43 

580 

1517 

2742 

65 

12585 

4-035 

135 

197 

28i 

8.3 

364 

492 

729r 

53 

I67 

1290 
317 


03 

3 

5 
"SPh 
>-< 

a 

3 


1 


Alamance 


96 

14 

1 

232 

19 

.503 

8 

45 

139 
69 
40 

483 

181 
244 

loi 

394 

i04 
3.53 
197 
33 

-i- 

20 

I67 

1379 

l3:i 

784 

206 
51 

43! 

2 

561 

35 

305 


" "11 

5 


8919 


'? 


Alexander 


6054 


3 


Alleghany 


10996 


4 


Anson 


4423 


5 


Ashe 


38693 


6 

7 


Beaufort* 

Bertie 


""66.52 


8 
9 


Bladen* 

Brunswick 


""•4832 


10 
11 


Buncombe 

Burke 


16173 
5418 


19 


Cabarrus 


3293 


13 


Caldwell 


7122 


14 


Camden 


3068 


15 
16 


Carteret* 

Caswell 


""1742 


17 


Catawba 


8776 


18 


Chatham 


23520 


IP 


f Cherokee 


3474 


9.0 


Chowan 


1354 


91 


Clay 


5599 


99 


Cleveland 


11441 


93 


Columbus 


13728 


94 


Ci'aven 


1559 


25 
9.6 


Cumberland 

Currituck 


6965 
3397 


97 




3459 


98 


Davidson 


126183 
512611 

"81318 

.53182 

12410 
16135 


1725 
200 

135 


10318 


29 
30 
31 
32 
33 


Davie 

Duplin* 

Edgecombe* 

Forsyth 

Franklin 


6337 

'"9693 
3867 


34 

35 


Oaston* 

Gates 


.5356 


36 




2S24 


37 


Granville 


124176 

643-1 

117440 

16358 
372:11 
45345 
.5(1111 
10736 
873v;l 


266 

l()!l 
360 


11194 


38 


Greene 


1079 


39 


Guilford 


135-7 


40 
41 


Halifax* 


4046 


4" 


Haywood 


8096 


43 
41 


Henderson 

Hertford 


8743 
1775 


45 


Hyde 


5';6 


46 




13019 


47 


Jackson* 


J 



*No report. 



MIRM PRODUCTS. 



219 



FARM F'HO'DVGTS—iConfmuecl) 







LAND AND CROPS. 


COUNTIES. 


tn 
D 

o . 

■4 


IE 

y 
o 
< . 

ol 

S r- 


CD 

P 

<1 . 




03 
OJ 
^^ 



<1 


p-l 
eg 

a 


0; 

OS 

pq 


CD 
<V 

<6 

«M 

MS 

a 


03 Cd 
0) 4) 

oP-i 

0) 


is 


p CO 

as 


03 

u 
!2; 


1" 






















44 




19.3 
4962 
5811 


15:91 

263?9 
10479 


74 
832 

8 






33 

62 


381 
699 
126 


16 
36 
65 


2 


fiO 








1 


51 


Lincoln 




11 


224 


Madison 

Martin 

McDowell 


6494 

959 

5355 


12436 
20040 
11750 


676 

68 

1150 


166 
8 






35 
799 
126 


121 

55 
1.50 


330 


54 


1 


1 


6 
236 


56 

57 








Mitchell 

Montg'omery . . 
Moore 


2969 
77.59 
7949 
2768 

'""i556 

37 

14770 

163 

1364 

5 

,3400 

7617 


8499 
12143 
18683 
29342 

2315 
30767 
13819 
20089 

7163 
23402 

7503 
39100 
13108 


946 

60 

1275 

169 

100 
56 
25 
23 
9 
82 
24 

150 
10 


252 






60 
166 

528 
980 
338 

1073 
676 
576 
879 
292 
630 

1335 
239 


195 
60 
42 
45 
96 
79 
26 

299 
18 
71 
22 

204 

147 


346 


'iK 




1 

1 
3 

256 


243 


fi'l 


1 

3 




77 


no 


Nash 


4 

1 


3 


61 

6'^ 


New HanoTer. 
Nortlianipton, 

Onslow 

Orange 

Pamlico 

Pasquotank. . . 

Pender 

Perquimans .. 

Person 

Pitt* 


70 


fi:i 






22 




64 


1 




27 


65 




45 


g 


6(i 






104 


67 






45 




6>-. 








64 










70 










71 


Polk 


2613:-; 
26708 

2680 
5,96 

992 
22882 

7112 

877 

12717 

8792 


7052 
29450 
20937 
41848 
20359 
3.3417 
2322i 
43271 
14882 
14456 


580 
67 

694 
1912 

482 
74 

459 

.345 
90 

937 








21 

300 
512 

1.507 
309 
184 
396 

1724 
175 
241 


45 

18,J 

92 

47 

267 

218 

75 

39 

79 

2a9 


126 


72 


Randolph 

Richmond 

Robeson 

Roeklng-hani.. 

Rowan 

Rutherford ... 

Sampson 

Stanly 

Stokes 

Surry* 


2 


15 


""22 
195 


365 

20 


74 


■'"22 
1 
1 
8 


1 


15 


76 

77 




i 

212 


582 
526 


7>< 




1 


7'! 




225 


8(1 
81 


1 


3 




17 


89, 


Swain 

Trans> Ivania.. 

Tyrrell 

Union 

Wake 

Warren* 


862 

598 

585 

10426 

7872 


2642 

7514 

8827 

20113 

24518 


219 
2599 

4 

159 


2 

51 
1 
1 






26 

31 

349 

221 

1229 


30 

60 

117 

74 
63 




8;-! 






85 


84 




73 


1 


85 




117 


86 






7 


87 










88 


Washington .. 

Watauga 

Wayne 

Wilkes 

Wilson 

Yadkin* 


882 
1664 
5273 
4881 
2125 


11991 
6711 
39903 
31103 
22740 








30 


374 

11 

206 

184 

1913 


15 
219 

42 
181 

99 




89 


2456 

1051 

2902 

135 


1158 




20 


4(1 




24 




41 






•2l4 


92 
43 




11 






94 


Yancey 

Aggreg.\te, 


4080 
490721 


8539 
1435669 


986 


223 






85 


179 


318 












43133 


2955 


2.38 


2572 


39887 


8517 


9965 



»No repoi't. 



220 



FARM PRODUCTS. 



FARM VROJ)J]GT^~{Continued.) 



COUNTIES. 


LAND AND CROFS—{Oontinued.) 


OS 

o s 


to 
^< 

1 


tn 

a 


to 
a> 

So 

s-s 


CD 

^^ 

- M 

1-1 CO 
O OS 

g.a 

3 


IB 
<^ 

OS 

Si 


to . 

a; m 

sa 

|s 
an 




to 
t . 

a.s 

12; 


4f 


Johnston* 




















4' 


Jones 




51 

13 

6 


95 

744 

4453 


4 
227 


45 

1597 


2 

1 

16 


! 
32 
99 


1 

9 

44 


273 


5( 

r.i 


) Lenoir 

Lincoln 


6 


1067 
1062 


5' 








fi;- 


Madison 




1 
2 

8 


2489 
134( 
1034 


429 
28 
32 


2981 


10 


102 

5 
2550 


133 
22 
67 


902 


r>4 


Martin 




374 


5fi 


McDowell 




94 


76 


637 


5(1 


Mecklenbu'g-* 
Mitchell . . 






57 






2839 

6322 

7278 

3290 

79 

3097 

59 

13185 

362 

1797 

201 

2800 

11239 


189 
71 
17 

170 


2878 
142 
148 
100 


2 

3 
20 

9 
26 

5 

3 
3 
1 


206 
83 

162 
63 

277 
14 
4 
31 
3 
20 
28 


165 
24 
68 
39 
19 
54 
35 

144 

7 

15 

12 

17(. 
71 


901 


58 
59 


Montgomery . 
Moore 


i 

7 

3 

16 

1 


2 

1 

53 

652 

4 

m 

2 

6 

2 

1S61 

15 


S83 
1994 


6U 
HI 


Nash 

New Hanover 
Northampton 

Onslow 

Orange 

Pamlico 


2394 
156 


62 
63 
64 

•15 


473 

3 

452 

7 

54 


91 

1 

1084 

9 

18 


1700 
168 

2230 
250 


66 
67 


Pasquotanck . 

Pender 

Perquimans .. 


1 
4 


204 
114 


68 


i38 

22 


215 
12 


213 


69 


1 


424 


1864 


70 


Pitt* 








71 


Polk . .. 






217 

14286 

4046 

2449 

11955 

16720 

3748 

232 

5617 

5621 


24 

552 

11 

7 

1100 

1365 

38 


2 

3298 

19 

""i235 

4146 

6 


1 

16 
5 
2 

43 
4 

43 
6 
4 

27 


44 
676 

64 
103 
331 
129 
619 

56 
289 
181 


21 
95 
35 
61 

270 
57 

106 
26 
22 

.37 


330 


n 


Randolph 




6 

1 

9 

2 

7 

11 

17 

25 

7 


4192 


TA 






1075 


74 
75 

76 


Robeson 

Rockingham . 
Rowan 


3 


2212 
2113 
2706 


77 
78 


Rutherford... 

Sampson 

Stanly 

Stokes 


1 

11(J 

4 


1218 
1216 


79 
8(1 


71 

494 


987 
1244 


1213 
2144 


81 


Surry* 






f« 


Swain 






257 

106 

1347 

9574 

7631 


40 
35 
31 
26 

275 


129 
470 
18 
170 

118 


'""si 
1 

23 
15 


44 
144 

33 
140 

285 


8 
43 
58 
91 
89 


140 


83 

84 


Transylvania. 
Tyrrell . . . 




3 

1 
10 


562 
l80 


85 

8(i 


Union 

Wake 


2 
49 


1711 
2861 


87 


Warren*. 




88 


Washinton . . 






851 
2130 

986 
4019 
1210 


2 
280 

9 
135 
26 


13 
15772 

""265 . 


2 
4 


19 
439 
30 


6 

"87 
20() 
938 


252 


89 


Watauga 






866 


9<l 


Wayne 


11 


15 


1269 


91 


Wilkes 


1788 


92 
93 


Wilson 

i'adkin* ... 


14 


44 


32 


20 


860 


94 


fancey 


2 




2807 


114 


2732 


8 


193 


278 


792 




AllOKEftATE, 


433 


4211 


.•^58503 


20408 i 


97664 


1125 


17286 


6019 


10(.258 



*No report. 



PAEM PRODUCTS. 



221 



FARM PRODUCTS— ( Continued. ) 



LAND AND CROPS. 




AGGREGATE AMOUNT PRODUCED. 




O >> 

S.S 

i.s 


0) 


0) 

< . 

s 

s 


li S3 

a 




o 
o 


a! 

M 

1 
(A 


if 

a 
m 


m 

L 

03 
P5 


a 


1 

s 


u 

to—i 
-f-^ CO 

D 
























48 


5 


4823 

11992 

J 337 




1 

134 

8 


938 
24067 
44386 


15158:^ 
270110 
176762 


180 

2241 

8 






8028 
16073 


31189 

52483 

9532 


H9 
'lO 


40 






17 




35 


51 






21 

5 


681 

2 

115 


27841 

5501 

29327 


, 205431 
227831 
152117 


3616 

251 

3764 


942 


20 


295 

675 


2166 
75560 
11770 


58 


101 


9648 
2 


'4 




52 




55 

"■6 








43 
38 
58 
59 


145)1 
43572 
32738 
24205 


113067 
160627 
183281 
317533 

20541 
21037 
2013ol 
245955 
109140 
286267 

65703 
48T700 
249931 


8399 
125 

2549 
791 


1744 






1804 
16678 
66317 

119288 
206 Bs. 
701U3 
92368 
37877 
57:-'03 
17344 
40054 

13J0 
17809 


57 


5 


3813 
4523 

20342 
181 

18403 
3302 
3144 
2861 
1416 
465 
7200 


5 

7 




50 
100 

" " 8480 


58 


53 

68 
4K 


21 


""26 


59 
60 
61 


2S 


i 

"i5i7 

50 


95 

3 

1511 

1 

2 

""3765 


32537 
177 

74010 
1319 
8235 

isfloi) 
51932 


223 
522 
113 
3% 
744 
815 
2600 
111 






t» 


10 

3 


21 




7664 


63 

64 


10» 






15060 


65 


1 






66 


8 






14068 


67 


SO 






68 


2 








64 














70 


10 
38 
41 

97 


273 

427 

15471 

13533 

32 

6210 

4429 

7736 

2055 

6 


4 

1 
i 

38 
2 
8 


26 

109 

6 

4 

6144 

244 

72 

17 

32 

9810 


8551 
144819 

7998 

4317 
70015 
138604 
36415 

4169 
46333 
53159 


114610 
4 7015 
124228 
286747 
340232 
525137 
285750 
343070 
127284 
216088 


1890 

3 -.6 

1359 

5SI28 

2291 

4t0 

961 

576 

535 

3757 


io 

5 


2 

256 


60 

5 

. 2860 

60483 


5705 
44804 
464E0 

186584 
24850 
19268 
34705 

144528 
13ti01 
18U«2 


71 

72 
78 
74 


26 


i.39 




% 


3 

107 

310 
190 


4 
3 

40 
4 

20 


15 
6 


670 

38483 


76 

77 
78 
79 
80 








81 








27 
17 

405 
69 

168 


4041 

4036 

10378 

45200 

29654 


54201 

123279 

72635 


1202 
18742 








35 JO 

1808 

24622 

2421S 

123760 


«■>, 








816 






83 


12 


2451) 

9444 

25072 






14228 


84 


2 


214257 
343593 


5 
2S3 






85 


19 


75 




440 


86 
87 


10 


5422 




1 
28 
11 
75 

7 


4655 
9316 
37106 
21247 
15125 


169826 
106237 
4182 ;>6 
303502 
174000 








■ 18787 


24830 

943 

98742 

3871 

281373 


r'.y. 




13126 

1697 
1126 
1173 


6924 




8t 


«i 


17120 

26 
18782 


" " 82 




17935 


40 








41 


30 






25 


4'?, 








48 


2 


357333 


8 


54 


13965 
2666553 


113778 
17197(08 


6732 
19650F) 


2155 
20S25 


9 
2179 


580636 


2188 
8834.';48 


94 


24«3 


1911 


49545 





2n 



farm; PRODUCTS. 



FARM PRODUCTS— ( Contimied. ) 







AGGREGATE AMOUNT PRODUCED. 


COUNTIES. 


0) 

o 


1 S 

s 

o 


3 


1 


m 
1 

CO 




to 

% 
to 

s 

OS 


to 

a> 

W 
I 




a 


Jl 

> 




c 


1 

to 
«j 

m 

I 

5 


to 

a 

H 

J, 

Q 


48 


John.ston* . . . 




















4'^ 


Jone.s 


1361 

2395 
3494 


70 

10369 


15287 
3704 
1827 


""is 


245 

365 

31 


1345 

7733 

27436 


2 
""i4 


2 

50 
216 


2 


50 
51 


Lenoir 

Lincoln 

Macon* 


1 
7 


53 
5') 


Madison 

Martin 

McDowell 

Mecklenhu'g* 

Mitchell 

Montgomery.. 

Moore 

Jvash 


8949 
4534 
8700 


19557 
"26305 


17554 
2230 
5497 


"'670 


10 
76 
50 


14048 
8197 
1915 


68 

4 

218 


3S^ 
14 

52 


4. 01 
""27 




19992 
510-^ 
3731 
5752 
3785 
8073 
1827 

14187 

1334 

8834 

615 

16750 
8680 


17724 

10739 

3485 

110 

70S 

8625 

1 

997 

400 

4368 

40 


673 

5813 

6521 

460o 

570 

S035 

15470 

2580 

16887 

1579 

8010 

2500 

530 






27261 

37704 

38270 

30636 

727 

110547 

471 1 

78966 

3597 

15486 

1210 

36400 

74278 


13 

10 

Ul 

162 


1.585 
110 
113 

98 


5 


58 

I'd 


""56 

342 

1240 

56 

380 

5 

""56 
60 


36 

248 

1374 

11066 

120 

16175 

20 

87 

150 

52081 

750 


6 
24 

28 


HI 


New Hanover 
Northampton, 

Onslow 

Orange 

Pamlico 

Pasquotank... 

Pender 

Perquimans . . 

Person 

Pitt* 






290 


48 


414 


(54 
6.-) 
C(i 


229 

1 

87 


826 

3 

35 


15 
1 
5 
1 


68 


.385 
65 


430 
19 


3 


70 








71 


Polk 


1065 
26739 

4886 

3850 
11624 
10066 

3876 
805 

5108 
16258 


7049 
29550 

568 
50 

161 
52946 
30772 

145 
12047 

234 


3345 
21604 

2805 
18161 
18294 

2434 
11841 
13427 

4149 
11246 






1185 
90389 
30142 
18786 
91404 
130177 
146.50 
1787 
29872 
3i;596 








72 
73 
74 
75 
76 
77 
78 
7'4 


Randolph 

Richmond 

Robeson 

Rockingham.. 

Rowan 

Rutherford... 
Sampson 


""56 
...... 

36 

1904 

30 

3 


98 
160 
184 

10 
104 
.311 
415 
179 
6 


160 

3.^ 

8 

2914 

299 

7 


2885 

1557 

2 

911 

4011 

21 


18 
4681 

""673 

4 

77 

2 


75 
530 


1751 

710 


5 


80 
81 


Stokes 


10 


8'^ 


Swain 

Transylvania. 

Tyrrell 

Union 


3365 
5563 
UK 
3989 
5161 










2432 
970 

4469 
58901 
60200 


7 
25 

3 
11 

188 


166 

188 

1 

208 

116 




8'^ 


8334 

80 

6082 

256 


3381 
10265 

2372 
11705 






5 


81 








85 


15 

892 


7621 

492 


809 


8t; 

8" 


Wake 


106 


88 


Washington .. 
Watauga 


781 

22876 

2782 

387( 

1360U 


'""i.536 
'" 14169 


6017 
1601 
9722 
18377 
1990 




i 


5881 

20292 

8618 

6131 

12000 


141 

9 


""2717 

1 


1 
3 


M( 


376 


224 


6 


'11 


Wilkes 




92 
9'^ 


Wilson 


1375 


6725 


155 




64 


y4 


Yancey 

AOORKflATE 


792.fi 


13616 


6819 






21009 


43 


941 


8 










558657 


604057 


584604 


16<216 


17364b 


2346936 


10197 


52147 


11955 



FARM PRODUCTS. 



32^ 



FARM PRODUCTS— ( Continued.) 



AGOREGATE AMOUNT PRODUCED. 




LIVE STOCK. 






rr 


K 


£ 


IE 


a: 


to 




m 


^ 


OJ 


0) 


o 


'^ 


c 


C 






to 
o 


t 


' ' 


^ 


^ 


S 


s 


S 


g 


sS 


W 


A 




o3 




o 


o 


o 




o 




X 


|fq 


M 


O 




Ph 


r 


o'S 


o 


o 


© 








1 § 








^ 


^ 


*• 


^ 


I 


1 


a^ 


1 


o 




■^ 
^ 




z 


a. 
3 


5 


1 


2| 


X 


o 


3 o 


3 


S 
s 


a 



2i 
















49 

49 


;i5 


31 


549 


2248 




300 


842 


3461 


7994 


2509 


1981 


540 


1456 


6361 


10 


56460 


1581 


4950 


16504 


1962 


50 


1015 


60 


130 


485 


4 


3138 


1352 


2455 


4917 


3130 


51 
59 


5213 




9 




142 


257360 


1917 


5433 


11272 


7255 


53 


592 


112 

104 


459 


5039 




120 
35176 


1361 
1334 


4016 
2861 


12755 
6011 


1921 
3024 


51 


113i 


260 


25 


55 

5A 


5102 


157 
361 






245 


5942 
13053 


1372 
1369 


3890 
4605 


8972 
9557 


6534 
6321 


57 


1232 


116 


1316 


58 


2998 


1177 


226-1 


3218 


21 


18359 


1828 


7593 


14215 


8888 


59 


7927 


2504 


726 


10905 




27868 


2185 


6749 


21631 


450S 


«0 






101 
164 


15 
10986 






' 241 

1972 


1547 
4827 


2078 
15470 


374 
1675 


A1 


331S 


480 


298 


42575 


63 


580 


574 


291 


1618 




282 


758 


6293 


9947 


1739 


6» 


7567 


503 


1 


1241 


500 


581620 


2476 


6457 


16(3" 


6297 


64 


568 


80 


1055 


803 




470 


498 


3820 


7954 


1601 


65 


1071 


106 
56 


42< 


439 
196 


3i4552 




1226 

f68 


2842 
0853 


7513 
14964 


938 
4462 


fi« 


213 


195 


67 


14600 


1250 

478 


300(i 


2845 


1500 




1600 
1370 


6850 
6130 


18300 
12789 


2250 
6010 


68 


3768 


1433931 


69 










70 


880 


71 


17 


33 


100 


8401 


522 


1929 


3529 


2003 


71 


16i)58 


777 


411 


70 


128 


34229 


4121 


11885 


24505 


18317 


72 


154] 


562 


494!' 


5647 




4853 


1629 


5069 


10030 


1262 


73 


46 '6 


1188 


5176 


6129 


331 


5047 


2324 


8902 


27441 


8700 


74 


16661 


707 


880 


19 


25 


3160966 


2246 


5805 


11528 


4430 


75 


1887 


i6.3 


32 


255., 


15 


120696 


8704 


7102 


14409 


6221 


76 


5408 


132 


91 


.'984 


5 


29028 


1869 


4190 


7735 


5483 


77 


2045 


6211 


1232 


3192 


y 


3661 


2344 


9648 


28847 


8087 


78 


2977 


415 


411 


1278 




1S702 


1740 


4341 


18103 


6569 


79 


5803 


117 




200 


Ifi 


K 63355 


1924 


3102 


8610 


4130 


80 
81 


1235 


53 








13985 
6195 


264 
622 


1332 
2346 


1684 
2988 


i265 
3991 


m 


16538 


6 


31 




20 


83 


30 


93 


913 


793 


21 


245 


597 


3758 


5727 


1625 


M 


1495 


781 


628 


2882 




6513 


2278 


5840 


11475 


9424 


85 


86i7 


14S3 


100 


13441 


3 


84527 


2464 


7555 


17448 


4513 


8« 
87 


93 


190 


1109 


2868 


4(1 


206 


806 


3051 


6290 


906 


B8 


14027 


18 
767 


20 
993 






16S33 
il31 


16-35 
2383 


6025 
6372 


9670 
23655 


10118 
2156 


80 


8527 


8736 


40 


90 












9(65 


2621 

2252 


7128 
4641 


18319 
2( 607 


9049 
2401 


m 


10905 


865 




9617 




92 








H? 


3335 


17 


31 




70 
3215811 


10057 
16655979 


1064 
137675 


3184 
4loy55 


6716 

9.8538 


6291 

3826''4 


94 


332734 


29r60 


82461 


16 873 





% 



^•*r 



As stated in the Preface, it is not claimed that the following 
statistics are accurate, collated as they are from reports made 
by those who had to procure the information from sources not 
always to be regarded as reliable. 

It is published, however, as are all parts of this work, with 
the hope that the patriotic citizens in each county will gen- 
erously aid the Commissioner by sending to him corrections, so 
that the next edition may be more accurate. 



r^ 



COliNllES. NAMI-: 



COTTOINT A-IS"b WOOLEN MILL© UN NORTH OAHOLTlsrA 



MILL. i-Oal (J Fici;. 

■ I V 



WACITY PKK DA' 



SXrUS OF GOODS. 



\K.MvL-i < v\ k:..i.i.i:: w.vTbkoi; i- 



Long. 



Biinoouih 
C»bnrru», 



■•> tun -. 

var.'fi mid w«rfi6 — :. 

w.,.1 

.var|)', 735 ySKla -1— 1 i 
-single yarns 



AUmonoo ginghams i Cuj.'i 

iP!:nd8, yarud, shelling, ticking, warpdi knitting cou* 



li.ime / OOlNorthCar. .i,., 

■tanilwaipa UOlNo'th laruliui 

. oottoiiHdoit, drills, yftrus, vaipB, BlieotmK. "Irnring,. Ul.llNtinb t:ai'alnt.% 



tiU Hheetlng 

4 and lin^cryft 

!iH a!id twine 

cwi>it, fltnol(ini^ yarn. 



•■■iwu tl4 I iM-r wKli K d»li way. 
I 'Apsuily (I wiitor vow*) «mu.i1 to t(10 Imrte- iihuik •t»i 



I '..p.Kile, rrcwUnnt. '(iH. AllriJ'i'MMiin.r: IMulliu.l IWri^. Muugor. 

' I It,.:"., I'rcftidoQt. 

ha KInik. I'l. ilitrul. 

< 'tim)il>*<ll • iiikniaii. Ptf x'tlttM 



. kc 



'^^ "**%.-, 




.[Vams 

JSbtetiug, Hhirting, ynrns and warpN. . 

'iVVjirps 

"'\' .i,j and sheoting. 

ii.iinsi, shilling Hrn 

■'. yitiKlo and drill 

■l'>i ■■ .- 

I^iiigle Kud aouble yarnu auil plow luit;: 

^|:^huetiDf;, yan> and iwist 

[fCottoa yams 

jCotcoB ytiriia 

';-tr-^»bpeiiii{j, 5oz. goo^s, jnruu from 
jWorjiB 



■ .^, v.itu.^ a»i'l sheeting. 

■ '^hpt^finr 



0? ^1. H? E i?/ 3^ I,L Xj S. 



!■. Juuttjt. WBtor \wwvr yuiUnlsnt (i^ 100 luoiita. 

I. LiiirliUinnriV aolK. 1 

I..1U1 i.H niui'li mow nini'Mnrry will ikn Iw lu i.|Krnili.,i 
•i.iMJuy * 0»1U. Wal«r iiowrr <tinfiiint Inr .'W i»j<i .|.in'lliv 

K. Tato Moatttlcdllon* «at*'r ii<.«»r. 
ii,.>„ .^ M .'IF. H«..' hMllli rent wa*.- iM««i t.. ,„ii .'rjd.iKMi , 



r^n*- irvi* ffiijj t hatpft iirn- 




COUN'j;Uii:. 



vi.f; of uooof. 



I ^rUiDnti_ and flanorallv.; 

JIuwL.i.K 



Bta' 

by 

I 

the 
ero 

tll£ 



OFFICE OF DEPARTMENT OF AORICULTtJ RE, 

Raleigh, N. C, March 7, 1879. 

To His Excellency, Hon, T. J. Jarvis, 

Governor' of North Carolina : 

Sir— In compliance with the requirements of section 15, of 
the Act creating this Department, I have the honor to submit 
herewith a Hand Book of North Carolina. Sharing largely the 
gratification so universally enj(jyed throughout the State at the 
earnest interest manifested by your Excellency in this Depart- 
ment, and begging to assure you of my high appreciation of 
your kind offices so cheerfully rendered, I have the honor to b«, 
sir, 

With very great respect, 

Your obedient servant, 

L. L. POLK, 
Commissioner. 



\ 



\ 



/- 



GENERAL STATISTICS. 



227 







CHURCHES. 






— 










— 




— 




— 


— 





(It 


— 


— 


'^ a 


COUNTIES. 


-.J 


"(^ 




03 










0^ 






CO 


03 


CD 


CO 




1 


c 


5 






4^ 

CO 

• 1—1 

p- 

CD 

pq 


TO 
U 
0) 


a! 

•rH 
•iH 








c 


S 


'S. 

Q 


p 

^— 1 


S 


3 
3 


S bo 


1 


Alamance 




1 


5 


14 


S 


1 


4 


1 


1 


3 








3 




7 


2 


Alexander 






3 


11 


15 


2 
















] 




1 


3 


■'llegbany. .yT.... 










10 


.„ 




















,2 


4 


Anson r... 




i 


3 


24 


12 






















4 


5 


Asi3e 








10 


^20 












2 




2 








6 


B-. aut'orn 




6 


1 


9 


1 














15 






1 


2 


7 


P.er i- 

Hladen 

'jrunyvvick 




2 
1 


(5 


5 
16 

10 


16 

1^ 






















1 


S 
























9 


12 
























lO p.unconibe | 


1 


9 


4 


23 


21 














8 




1 






11 


Jurke 




1 


3 


17 


15 
























12 


abarrus 

Caldwell 




i 


1 


12 
17 


3 

20 


8 
2 














2 


2 




8 


13 














2 


14 


Oamden 











3 
























ITi 


Carteret 

Casvell 

Catawba 




1 
i 


"4 

2 


1-2 
11 
21 


9 

13 
11 














] 


'3 


2 
1 


'A 


1 


Ki 














(5 


17 


12 






8 








6 


J8 


Oiiaiham 




2 


2 


25 


22 




4 


2 












2 




8 


19 


Cherokee 




1 

1 


1 


14 

• 8 


13 
10 
















8 




2 




20 


Chowau 
















6 


21 


Clay 

Cleveland 




.... 


2 
1 


7 
10 


4 
22 






















1 


22 








1 










2 




6 


2S 


Coli.inibus 


1 

1 

4 


■■■4 

3 


1 

1 

14 


11 

9 
10 

7 


28 
3 

16 
6 






















1 


24 


Craven 














5 
1 




2 
1 




2 


25 


Cumberland. . . . 
Currituck 














4 


26 
















27 


Dare 








9 


2 
























28 


Davidson 




1 


2 


21 


9 


8 




1 


2 












4. 


3 


29 


Davie 




1 


3 


28 


5 


2 






1 






1 








2 


30 


Duplin 






4 


7 


20 






















1 


31 


Edyecombe 




3 


1 


9 


16 




1 










4 




2 




1 


32 


Forsythe 




1 


1 


20 


7 








10 






2 




1 


4 


12 


33 


Franklin 




1 


4 


17 


23 


















0, 




5 


34 


Gaston 


1 


1 


8 


16 


4 


6 




















7 


35 


Crates 




2 




10 


8 




1 


















1 


:-!(j 


Graham 








3 


3 
























37 


Granville 




5 


7 


21 


41 




2 














3 




1 


3b 


Greene 

Guilford 

Haliiax 


"i 

1 


1 
1 
4 

""i 
1 

2 


""7 
1 
6 
2 
2 


13 
37 
39 
17 
21 
15 


19 
9 
39 
19 
13 
21 
"^0 














2 


"1 


'4 
2 
1 




5 


89 


5 




5 








8 


40 










g 


41 


Harnett 

Haywood 

Henderson 

Hertford 




















42 


















2 


43 
















1 




4 


1 


44 
















3 


45 


Hyde 




2 




8 


6 














5 






1 


4 


4f; 


Iredell 

Jacksoa 




2 




"7 
















3 




1 


...i 


5 


4"^ 


6 














1 



2;28 



GENEEAL STATISTICS. 







MI 


LL3. 








_ 




CO 


<S1 




ksm 










m 








A^ 

en 





as 


g 

CO 










rvRAIN. 


S\W. 


01 


C0UNTIE3. 










S 












CO 




.,H 


CQ 


■M 0) 


£ 


n 


hn 


pq 




• 


f-, 




^ 




<B 




,-l ""■ 


















S 
a 

a, 
CD 




CD 


PI 


CD 
IS 


pi 


> 






3 

s 


1 


Alamanct! . . 
Alexander. . 
Alleghany... 




40 
30 

20 




24 

20 

9 


2 


6 
8 
8 








4 


2 
2 
3 


11 


9, 










3 










1 


4 


Anson 


6 


2''. 


5 


5 




5 


6 


1 


2 




1 


83 


Pi 


Ashe 


1 
6 


11 


1 
5 


29 
11 




5 


'"i-2 


■■■■■4 


1 




5 




6 


Bear.fort .... 


12 


7 


Brtr.ie 


3 

2 
1 


7 
23 
10 


8 
2 
1 


4 

11 

1 






23 










9 


8 


Biaden 

Briiuswick... 


44 
9 


"1 




"i 


9 


9 




1 


7 


13 


10 


Buncombe... 
Buike 


1 

5 


46 
75 
34 


3 
3 
4 


44 
5(1 
12 


2 
1 


5 

20 

4 








1 


2 
3 

2 


3 


11 








7 


1 


12 


Cabarrus... . 


16 


1?. 


Oalda-eil 

Camden 


1 

5 


50 
4 


2 
5 


39 
2 


1 


8 






1 


1 


2 


23 


14 






1 


15 


Carteret 


2 


3 


2 








16 


5 


1 






7 


16 


Caswell 

Ca'awba 

Oliadham... . 




15 

47 
48 


"2 

5 


13 
38 
IS 


"16 


15 
9 








2 
4 


3 
3 


18 


17 






2 

5 


2 


IS 






28 


19 


Oherokeo. . . 




oi 


1 


e- 




4 










1 


9 


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13 


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5 


5 


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5 


13 


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Columbus . . 

C;'.!V<'U 


] 
15 


5^ 
(i 


g 

c 


5 

r 








34 

e 




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2-1 








10 


25 


n .•!;i'.e;]aric: 




5' 


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1 






35 


B 


J 


2 


30 


26 


Currituck ... 


4 


] 


J 








2: 










6 


27 


On-5... 














*< 








2 




2S 


Davidson.... 


2 


1-' 


-■ 


If 




5 












21 


*?C) 


Davie 


j 


gf; 




1-^ 


1 


7 
1 






v3 

r. 


16 




11 


30 


Ouplin 




10 


9 


51 


^d.^-ecombe 


c 


u 


8 


J-. 






g 




4 






13 


S2 


Forsythe . . . 


2 


28 


8 


11 


3 




5 




1 


24 


i 


6 


S3 


b'ratiklin . . . 


1 


20 


i 


g 




8 






1 


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33 


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28 


5 


1'i 




9 












5 


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7 
10 




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C 




8 


1 










8 


ss 


Tvn'iam 




37 


rranville. .. 




8(1 


b 


20 












40 


1 


65 


38 


',Treene 


7 


17 


5 


2 














2 


23 


39 


(Tirilford 


2 


50 


. 3 


20 


1 










7 





50 


40 


^Talifax 


12 


45 


12 


7 




io 


1 




2 






77 


8i 


Harnett 


1 


31 


1 


14 


. . • . 


22 




12 






I 


20 


40 


Haywood. . . 
Henderson . 
Hertford .. . . 


""2 


41 
17 

7 


i 
4 


19 
17 

5 


""2 


'3 

4 










2 
1 




•^9 






3 




15 


44 


6 




8 


dT 


Hyde 


6 


2 


5 


















16 


4fi 


Iredell 

Jackson 




29 
11 


3 


29 
17 




fi 






«••• 


5 


5 


13 


47 


4 






3 



GEITERAL STATISTICS. 



229 



CHURCHES. 



COUNTIES. 



48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
5y 
60 
61 
62 
63 
64 
65 
66 
67 
68 
69 
70 
71 
72 
73 
74 
.75 
16 
77 
78 
:7f) 
SO 
81 



•Tohastoa 

Joaes 

Leuoir 

Liacola 

\Iacoa 

Madison .... 

Martin. 

McDowell. ...... 

Meckieiibarg. 

MLitchell 

Moiifcgoui8iy. . 

iloore 

Nash 

New Ha. :ov3r. 
Norfclianipton. 

Oaslow 

0,aa;^e... 

Pamlico 

Paisquotaax. . . 

Peicln- .... 

Perqar7ia:3 ... 

Persoa 

Pitt 



Polk 

L^aidnlph 

i-> -• .1,, .,. -1 

R jbasoi 

.tockia^ham. 

nowaa... 

Rutharford. , 

j.liUp.SOJ 

'>-iiiy 

jtokes 

^i'ii'J-'y 



iLraasyj-vauia 

ryTcll 

Uaioi 

vVake 

?7arre ". 

W-tslii'igiioa. . 

Watauga 

Vayae 

Wilkes 

Wilsou 

Yadkin 

Yancey 



Agregate. 



F^ 



12 104 239 1321 1330 79 3-5 21 37 8 4 109 31 48 30 283 



P 



bCfl 

cS O 



4 
14 



4 
4 
3 

4 
35 

4 
6 
3 



230 



GENERAL STATISTICS. 





1 


Mli.LS. 


CO 

Ii 



CO 
a 
1 


CO 
05 

16 


1 

CO 

Q 

Q. 
?-( 


cc 


"V. 


.4.3 

_[> 







cc 




(£> 

_c 

it 

•S 


1 










COUNTIES. 


£ 

CO 

^' 
+J 
OJ 

14 



4 

1 

5 

5 
2 

■■■4 
5 
4 
4 

4 
p 

9 

8 

' i 

25 
4 
1 

1 


2 

3 

2 

.... 

4 

"io 

5 
24P 


ON. 

52 

8 
K 
30 


40 
13 
25 
30 
32 
26 
30 
24 

1 
19 
14 
42 

1 


14 

4 
iO 
]4 
12 
58 
25 
45 
37 
16 
4.^ 
56 
2(; 
60 
46 
13 
27 

"38 

18 

4 
29 

8 
9.0 
2A 
23 
25 

OS?" 


SA. 

S 

01 
Oj 

rn 

16 

2 

7 

'"'7 

2 

10 

■■■4 

15 

3 



5 
6 
9 
3 
U 

16 

"11 

'"2 
3 
4 
1 
3 

8 
2 

1 

'"'5 
6 

"'3 

2 

7 

1 
so- 


Vv-. 1 

TO 

18 

3 

6 

30 

8 

30 

10 

15 

6 

16 

13 

2(1 

12 

"'2 

4 

25 

1 

] 

IS 
4 
5 
37 
30 
13 
14 

r' 

22 

25 
11 
35 
30 


xn 

1 

40 


4b 
49 
5(^ 
61 
5-2 
53 


d iiiisiori . . . 

•Jo es 

L*n;oir 

Lincoln 

MjlCOD 

Madison . . . 

Martin 

McDovvfJL. 
M cklt-nbu'g 
iV! itchell .... 
Mo;itgom"ry 

Moore 

Nash 

N. Ha- ov^r. 
NoTtliamp'ii 

Uot-low 

Ora; ge 

Pamlir o 

Fnsquoiai-k. 
P(^nd>r.. .. 
Perquimars 

Pi rson 

Pit*" 








8 






17 


3 


4 

3 


1 


"4 
1 
1 


1-1 


5 


1 

6 

1 


8 






3 










g 


1 








14 


54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
CO 
0] 
62 


.... 


5 
4 
5 
3 
4 




1 
4 

"4 

"i 


1 
1 


1 

4 
4 
2 








8 








6 


3 

50 

2 

10 

5 


6 
30 

60 




2 
6 


""9 


2 

47 
6 


bb 




4 


17 




17 


04 








6 
5 


bb 






1" 










bb 
67 






4 
3 


2 




"6 


4 

3 
4 
9 

2 

i 

1 

4 


T?! 




1 

4 


15 


b^ 




4 
15 


P^ 


b9 
70 


9 




27 


PoJk 

Randolj ii.. . 
R'chmoiio. . . 
Robf'son.. . 
Rocki^ gh'm 

Rowan 

Ruthfrford . 
Sampson . . . 

StiTly 

Stokf s 

Suiry 

Swiiii 

' lansyiv't la 

Ti r. eli 

UdIod 

W uk..^ 

Warren 

Waphirgton 
Watauga . . . 

Waytit 

Wilkes 

W.l,-c>n 

Yadkii. 

Yancpy 

A gregatp. 


7 


3 
14 

1 




'.1 










"ii 
20 

25 
16 
43 
11 
37 
3 
4 


'i2 
78 
74 


1 


10 
36 


3 
1 


23 
3 

1 

25 

2(1 


""2 


3 

6 
10 

"2 

6 
4 




76 

77 
78 
79 
80 






2 
1 
2 

1 
1 


9 


15 






1 


81 
82 








16 

""22 

"ii 

"i8 

"5^' 
( 

p 

1281 




2 






6 




2 

2 


7 
5 


86 

84 


11 




2 


3 



9 

"is 

4 


ye 










6, 


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h>b 




2 










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1 

3 

1 
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127 


89 
90 




U 


1 
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6 


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rr 


■ ■ '^ 


1 
42 


12 

1 


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2 

36 

5 


9l 
92 


4 





93 








"94 


ORC, 


9.19 


lOS 


QIC. 


1259 



AGRICULTURAL RGAWOIZATIONS. 



231 



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•■5 1 5^-3 S cT^f^-g^. 


o 


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,x ffi i. ,q Eq ^ '^ .c?:^: o K 


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^f^^-^ ^!l^ ^S S a t^'-^-?^ o 3»n30 ^ 
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a ^ -^ ^ =! f^ 


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K^ S Iz! '^ 3 :t '^ o — c^ — 

p^ GO ^ CM pq P^ ^ .<loO 
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p^* : ojpq : 




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CO 




• ?^ >i • • '-^ 1 


•■.;:. . ^. . 1 




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1^5 p:? O O CO ^ P:h <1 O ^ 


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232 NOTES EEOM CORRESPONDENTS 



NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS SHO W ; : PRO- 

DUCTIA^E OAPxiCITY OF THE SOILS OF VARIOUS 

COUNTIES, AND ON — — —--—— — ''^^OOK. 

ALAilAHCE. 

Mr. J. H. Tavpley, of Company Shops, produced thirty bush- 
els of wheat from one bushel sown on one acre of unini] roved ' 
land. No fertilizer used. 

Daniel Huffman, in the fall of 1877, sowed six pounds of 
Clawson's white wheat, and reaped six bushels of clean wheat — 
a yield of sixty for one. 

John Graham, late of New York State, in the fall of 1877, 
cultivated about 30 acres of upland and gathered 750 bushels of 
corn, notwithstanding a severe drouth during the months of 
June and July, which reduced the crop considerably. 

L. B. Holt produced 100 bushels of oats to the acre in the 
year 1878. Fifty bushels produced on one acre is a common oc- 
currence. , 

Of cattle, the pure blood Devon is raised to a small extent. A 
few Alderneys have been introduced. 

Of sheep, a few Merino, Southdowns and Cotswold have been 
ntroduced. The first two do well. 

Hogs have been greatly improved by the introduction of the 
Berkshire, Chester and Essex breeds. 

ALEXAISTDEE. 

During the last four or five vcars the yield of corn and wheat 
bas been incrensed 8 or 10 per cent, by improved system of cul- 
tivation, regardless of fertilizers. 

Prom 60 to 80 bushels to the acre was produced by E. C. Ox- 
ford, on lands which formerly produced but ten huphels. 

Of apples, 1,300 bushels hflvo i- ■r^,^ ■,. -.1. ...1 ner acre. 

Cattle generally fine, of mi- i -itive srock. 



NOTES FROM COSEBSPONDENTS. 233 



ALLEGIIAS"Y. 

Lands excellent for grasses and cereals. On gcodnniuiproved 
lands from 50 to 60 bushels of corn have been produced per acre, 
while on improved lots as much as 100 have been realized. 
Rye and wheat yield a good average without extra labor- 
Irish potatoes yield finely, from t'"o to three hundred b-.ishels 
per acre being easily produced. 

One hundred and twenty-five gallons of Sorghum per acre 
have been produced. 

On lands well adaj)ted to grasses, from tv/o to three tons of 
Timothy per acre are produced, with good treatment. 

Cotswoid and Southdown Sheep are bred, both of the pure 
blood and mixed with native stock. 

AlsTSOm 

T. J. Candle, in 1877, produced 50^ bushels of corn on one 
acre, and one on an improved lot produced 1857 pounds of seed 
cotton per acre. No commercial fertilizers used. 

James C. Caraway produced 100 bushels of sweet potatoes on 
one eighth of an acre. 

Of cattle, the Jersey, Ayrshire and Durham breeds have been 
introduced aind do well. 

The Berkshire hog has been introduced with satisfactory re- 
sults. 

Mrs. J. S, Branch plar;';d on an acre of land, slightly ma- 
nured with wood ashes, half a bushel of chufas, which produced 
295 bushels gathered, aud as many left for the hogs, besides 1800 
pounds of bay which paid ail expenses of the crop. 

BEAUFOKT. 

A jiola uj from 40 to GO bushels of corn p;jr c ^ 
obtained. The largest f^n record was 100 buiLcl;, 
which was produced on one acre. 

Of cotton, as high as GOO pounds of lint (or ' . 



iit( •■' 


iA..y 


20 I-: 


lTcIs, 


■ .^un 


ds of 



234 NOTES FEOM COREESPONDENTS. 



seed cotton) have been prodnced to the acre, while 400 pounds 
per acre is of frequent occurrence. 

The Durham and Ayrshire cattle and the Essex and Poland- 
China hogs are bred. The Berkshire does well and is considered 
the best. 

Edward L. Hoyt produced 1,700 pounds lint cotton per acre. 

Our correspondents report gratifying results from the system 
of producing farm supplies at home, and it is rapidly growing in 
favor among farmers who formerly produced only cotton and 
depended on that crop to purchase them in northern markets. 

BEKTIE. 

John Wilson produced 2,600 pounds of seed coeton on one 
acre of ground, and 13 barrels, or 75 bushels, of corn per acre. 
400 bushels of sweet potatoes to the acre were produced by the 
same party. 

On 15 acres of swamp land W. H. Spivey produced an aver- 
age of 95 bushels per acre. No fertilizers used and not much 
cultivation. 

Mack Deberry, colored, produced a crop of corn averaging 70 
bushels to the acre, with no manure of any kind. 

The Berkshire and Poland-China hogs and the Devon and 
Short-Horn cattle have been introduced and do well. 

BLADES". 

This county reports a fine yield of sweet potatoes. In 1877 
the great drouth cut most of the crop short. 

Improved breeds of hogs, among them the Berkshire, thrive 

best. 

BRUXSWICK. 

Geo. W. Swain produced 77 bushels of corn per acre, on 
swamp land, without manure. B. F. Holden made 70 bushels 



NOTES FEOM COERESPGNDENTS. 235 



on common pine land. M. W. Hilbern produced 500 bushels of 
sweet potatoes per acre. Edward W. Taylor produced 1800 
pounds of seed cotton per acre. Dr. Jno. D. Bellamy produced 
300 bushels of chufas on one acre. Jno. D. Taylor planted 30 
acres of rice, whrcli yielded an average of 75 bushels per acre. 
Upland rice is grown with an average of 25 bushels per acre. 

Sheep do well and are very numerous. 

Berkshire, Essex and Chester hogs have been introduced and 
bred with good results. 

BUNC03IBE. 

L. M. Hatch produced 100 bushels of corn on one acre. Capt. 
Polk produced 50 bushels of wheat to the acre. 

Apples and grapes of the finest quality are grown. 

Good Ayrshire and Devon cattle; also the Argora goat. 

Berkshire and Essex hogs are bred with great success. 

On improved lands, 80 bushels of corn and 125 bushels of po- 
tatoes have been produced to the acre. 

Tobacco of fine quality is grown in this county. 

BUKKE. 

Of improved stock, Burke has the Devon and Ayrshire cattle, 
the Merino and Southdown sheep, the Essex, Berkshire and 
White Chester hogs. All except the lart do well. Pigs from 8 
to 9 months old are reported as w^eighing from 250 to 320 
pounds. County well adapted to sheep husbandry, but suffers 
heavy loss by dogs. The farmers are anxious to have a "dog 
law." 

CABARRUS. 

Corn, wheat and oats are reported of a good average yield. 
The Essex, Poland-China, Berkshire and Chester breeds of 
hogs are bred with success and profit. A portion of this county 



236 NOTES PEOK OOERESPONDENTS. 



has been r. \ : . :k laws which work aclmirably and aro be- 
coming x)opu.lar. All opposition has ceased and farmers are 
rapidly improving their condition. 

CALDWELL. 

J. 0. Iltirper produced 75 bushels of white wheat from three 
bushels sown. Thirteen and a half bushels to the bushel of seed 
was averaged through the entire crop of J. H. Abernethy. 

Devon cattle, the Berkshire and other improved breeds of 
hogs, are kept by many, and there is a disposition shown to 
keep fewer hogs and have better ones. 

Mr. John M. Houck reports the extraordinary yield of 160 
bushels of corn, 670 bushels of sweet potatoes, 29 bushels of 
wheat and 1200 bushels of Irisb potatoes, per acre, as being 
made on Lower Creek. On Mulberry Creek 700 bushels of 
sweet potatoes and 35 busbels of wheat, and on Blue Eidge 
1200 bushels of Irish potatoes. 

The Southdown sheep and Essex and Chester breeds of hogs 
thrive well. 

CAMDEN. 

The average fertility of soil and adaptability to various crops- 
is probably not surpassed by any county, though no extraordinary 
yield is reported. 

In improved stock the pure blood is largely incorporated in 
the grades. Devon and Durhian in the cattle, Cotswold and 
Southdown in sheep and Bekrshire and Essex in the hogs. 
Horses, cattle and hogs tln-ivc well; sheep not so well. 

CARTERET. 

Swamp lands are unsnrprssed in the piodnction of corn 
per acre. Uplands, unimproved, yield 25 bushels per acre. Dr. 
G. IST. Eunett has produced 1500 pounds of seed cotton per acre 



NOTES PEOM GORRESPOIS[DENTS. 237 



on riyer lands^ witlion.t manure. Stephen Holland produced 
2,100 pouiids of seed cotton on one aero with home-made ma- 
nure. Lands .with. clay sub-soils average one bale per acre. 

The cultivation of watermelons is becoming an important 
feature. As many as 700 first-class melons have been produced 
per acre. Of sweet potatoes, 300 bushels to the acre is consid- 
ered a good yield. J. L. Bell, of Newport; produced 1,500 
bushels of rice on 30 acres. 

Improved breeds of cattle and hogs are being introduced. 

Marsh ponies seem to be indigenous to this county, 

CATAWBA. 

Jackson Hoffman produced 36 bushels of wheat per acre. 
Capt. F. E. Beck 37i bushels of wheat on one acre, with a light 
application of stable manure. L. E. Whitnar produced 1,200 
pounds of seed cotton per acre. William Self produced 97 bush- 
els of corn per acre. 

Southdown and Merino sheep are bred; also the Berkshire and 
Poland-China hogs. 

The Devon and Ayrshire cattle have been introduced. 

CHATHAM. 

J. W, Cox, in the year 1877, produced 40 bushels of wheat 
per acre on improved land. A. B. Chapin produced an average 
of 20 bushels per acre throughout his entire crop. Wm. Hunly, 
of Snow Camp, produced 30 bushels of wheat per acre. Of 
corn, many farm.ers have produced 50 bushels per acre. Wm. 
Stout produced 300 bushels of Irish potatoes on one acre. J. 
B. G-uthrie produced 105 gallons of sorghum on f of an acre. 

Of cattle, the Devon, Ayrshire and Alderney are bred with 
good results. 

The Cotswold sheep, crossed on the ordinary scrub stock, 
have proved remunerative, and the lambs at one year old shear 
from 6 to 10 pounds of wool. Sheep husbandry would prove 
very profitable but for the great destruction by the many worth- 
less curs. 



^238 NOTES FEOM COKRESPONDEXTS. 



CHEROKEE. 

R. C. Washburne produced 183 bushels of wheat on 11 acres, 
John Cresenberry produced 200 bushels of corn on 2 acres of 
land, with home-made manure. William Beal produced -100 
gallons of syrup from one acre of sorghum cane, and 100 bushels 
of turnips on a lot measuring 30x80 feet. 

Live stock have been much improved by the introduction of the 
Durham and Ayrshire cattle and the Berkshire and Poland- 
China hogs. The last is becoming well known and hardy, free 
from disease and prolific, fattens easily and becomes of good size 
at an early age. 

CLAY. 

W. p. Moore produced 325 bushels of corn on five acres of 
Ibottom land, without fertilizers. Jeremiah Hill produced 13 
-"bushels of Flint Wheat to the bushel of seed. J. W. Sherrer 
made an average of 12 bushels of wheat to the bushel of seed on 
"unimproved lands. 

Ayrshire, Devon and Durham cattle, Cotswold sheep and Po- 
land-China hogs are bred with profit. 

CLEVELAND. 

J. K. Wells produced, on improved land, 2,010 pounds of 
seed cotton per acae. An average of 1,200 pounds of seed cotton 
per acre is obtained by many. Rev. Wade Hill produced 26 
bushels of wheat to the bushel of seed sown. On the Buffalo 
"bottoms an average of 100 bushels of corn per acre has been pro- 
duced, and in one instance 125 bushels were produced on one 
acre. 

Clover and other grasses do well. 

Chester White, Poland-China and Berkshire hogs are bred. 
The Essex and Chester are considered the most profitable. 



NOTES FKOM COERESPONDENTS. 239^ 



CRAVEN". 

Some very large yields of cotton and corn have been reported 
from this county and published by various papers throughout 
the State. Mr. B. Weathersbee produced thirty 450-pound 
bales of cotton on 22 acres of land, which is not considered an 
extraordinary crop when the seasons are favorable. Of corn,. 
110 bushels per acre have been produced by many. Paul Jones^. 
in 1877, planted 4 acres in early peas, from which he realized 
480 bushels, or 120 bushels per acre. From the same lot he 
gathered six tons of peavine forage for feeding stock. 

Dr. Small wood, of New Berne, has imported some fine Berk- 
shire hogs, which are highly prized. 

CUMBERLAlirD. 

Gr. W. Bullard produced 88 bushels of corn on one acre. W. B. 
Draughon produced 480 bushein of sweet potatoes per acre. N. 
L. Ray produced 50 bushels of rice per^ acre, and 7,000 pounds of 
crab grass hay on one acre. Some swamp lands, without ma- 
nure, have produced 60 bushels of corn per acre. 

The Devon and Durham cattle have been introduced; also the 
Southdown and Leicester breeds of sheep, all of which have 
done well. 

Crops of chufas have yielded finely and have become popular- 

CURRITUCK. 

Upon the lands known as the Bull Yard, 90 bushels of corn 
have been raised to the acre without manure. 

The crop of watermelons has reached the number of 10,000 (?) 
to the acre. 

Mr. T. F. Baxter has a breed of hogs (Berkshire crossed on 
Polaud-ChiDa) that, with ordinary feeding, will weigh, when 10» 
months old, about 200 pounds net. 



240 NOTES FEOM CORRESPONDENTS. 



DAVIDSOlSr. 

Alfred Hargrave, in 1876, on sandy upland soil, produced 20 
bushels of wheat to the acre, without manure. On red land he 
produced 60 to one, with top dressing of fertilizer. Jno. A. 
French, in 1877, produced 43 bushels of fine wheat from 1^ 
bushels of seed sown. 

The Berkshire and Poland-China hogs, both of the pure blood 
and crossed oq the common stock, are bred with gratifying re- 
sults. 

Col. T. M. Holt, on Linwood Farm, produced 31-|- bushels of 
Fiiltz wheat per acre, on 27-2- acres of land. Entire crop of 140 
bushels of seeds sown averaged 20 bushels per acre. All on clo- 
ver fallow. This gentleman has a breed of 50 fine Devon cattle 
on the same farm, and produced 50 tons of turnips. 

DUPLIN". 

James F. Shine produced 9,800 p ids of seed cotton on four 
acres, and 340 bushels of chufas on c 3 acre; also 100 bushels of 
oats on one acre. 0. W. Sutton proc' .ced 60 bushels of corn on 
one acre, and 16 bales of cotton on 15 acres. Wm. S. Bowden 
makes from 50 to 75 bushels of rice ] r acre. 

Improved breeds of Durham catt'., Southdown sheep, Jersey 
red and Berkshire hogs, are bred extensively. 

EDGECOMBE. 

Jesse Mercer produced 70 bales of cotton on 60 acres. Joel 
Cotton produced 70 bales on 50 acres. Many farmers have pro- 
duced from 18 to 20 bales to" the plow with a sufiQciency of farm 
supplies to be self-sustaining. Fine yields of Timothy and 
Orchard grass are reported. M. J. Battle produced 1000 bush- 
els of turnips on one acre. Corn usually yields from 20 to 30 
bushels on unimproved lands. 

Improved breeds of cattle and hogs]are being introduced. 



NOTES FEOM COERESPONDENTS. 241 



FOESYTH. 

From 50 to 60 basliels of corn per acre have been produced 
and, on improved lands, tobacco has proved very profitable. 
Clover, Orchard grass and peas show fine results. 

Improved breeds of cattle and sheep are becoming well known 
and do well. The Poland-China, Essex, Chester and Berkshire 
hogs are bred to some extent. 

J. H. Totten, in 1877, produced 35 bushels of wheat per acre, 
on clover land. M. L. Whicker 1,100 pounds of tobacco per 
acre, on old field pine land. A. G-. Voss produced 500 bushels 
of sweet potatoes on one acre. From 40 to 75 bushels of corn 
per acre have been produced by many. 
^,.^. Poland-China and Berkshire hogs are bred with good results. 

Maj. R. Stallings xorodused 4,300 pounds of seed cotton on 
o^e acre. la 1876, 0. L. Ellis; reaped 61 pounds of wheat from 
one pound of seed. Henry Best, 1876, produced 2,945 pounds 
of seed cotton per acre on unimproved land. Daniel Insco 
produced, in the same year, 2,225 pounds on one acre. J. J. 
Jones produced 7 bales on 4 acres, and in 1878 produced 100 
bushels of wheat on the same land. David Tarborough, in 
1878, produced 500 bushels of potatoes on one acre. 

The Berkshire and Chester hogs are bred freely and do well. 

Henry Pearce produced, in 1875, 49 bales of cotton on 29 
acres of land. In 1876 he produced 47 bales, and in 1877, 45 
bales on the same lot of 27 acres. In 1878 he produced 28 bales 
on 28 acres, notwithstanding the severe hail which damaged the 
crop. 

GASTOl^r. 

William Baker produced 12-|- bushels of wheat from 1-|- gallons 
of seed sowed broad-cast. A. P. Craft produced 1,617 pounds 
of seed c tton from one acre an 20 rods. 



242 NOTES FEOM COERESPONDENTS. 



Of sheep, the Southdown and Merino, and the Berkshire and 
Poland-China hogs which have heen introduced, do well and are 
becoming better known. 

GATES. 

The alluvial and ''Pocosin" lands, when first cleared, fre- 
quently produce from 40 to 60 bushels of corn per aci'e. On 
uplands, when improved, the yield of cotton is from 1 to 1-^ 
b.iles to the acre; oats 30 to 49, and wheat 20 to 30 bushels per 
acre. Tobacco, sorghum, peas, peanuts, Irish and sweet pota- 
toes are cultivated successfully. 

The Poland- China and Berkshire hogs are bred profitably. 
The Chester White is not considered so good, 

GRAHAM, 

Soil rich and fertile, though our special reporter sends no 
record of extraordinary yield. 

The Essex, Poland-China and Berkshire hogs thrive well. 
Sheep husbandry very successful, with little or no trouble. 

GRANVILLE. 

D. Tilley prodaced IGOO.OO worth of tobacco per acre under 
the improved system of curing it yellov^. This county is uni- 
versally considered the best for fine tobacco in the State, 

Improved breeds of cattle, hogs and sheep have been intro- 
duced and widely known, Berkshire hogs are generally bred 
and have proved very profitable. 

GREEKE. 

Elias Carr produced 3,300 pounds of seed cotton on one acre. 
R. A. Darden, in 1878, produced 400 bushels of sweet potatoes 
per acre. The productive capacity of the soil is claimed to be 
"unsurpassed in the State. 



NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS. 248 



Improved breeds of stock are reported as doing well. The 
Berkshire hog is the favorite breed. 

GUILFORD. 

Uriah Lamb, in 1877, produced 1,000 bushels of corn on 3@ 
acres of land. Col. J. T. Morehead produced an average of 5© 
bushels of corn per acre, on a lot of 50 acres of land. Henry A. 
Garvis produced 400 bushels of Irish potatoes on one acree, J. 
S. Ragsdale produced 100 bushels of sweet potatoes on one half 
acre. W. H. Idol produced 350 bushels of turnips on one half 
acre. D. W. C. Benbow produced 6,900 pounds of Orchard 
grass per acre. 

Improved breeds of cattle, hogs and sheep are bred freely and 
with profit. 

HALIFAX. 

R. A. Patterson produced on bottom lands, without manure, 
100 bushels of corn per acre. On the same kind of land, Thos. 
W. Harris produced 95 bushels per acre. Henry A. Hand pro- 
duced 66 bushels of wheat on 1^ acres, and an average of 35 
bushels per acre throughout his entire crop of 50 acre, s J. E. 
Bue produced 3,100 pounds of seed cotton per acre. B. D. 
Gray produced 23 bales of cotton, averaging 470 pounds each, 
on 25 acres of improved laud. One field of 52 acres on Roanoke 
river produced an average of one bale per acre for 5 years in suc- 
cession. Along the Roanoke river an average product of 7§ 
bushels of corn per acre has been produced by many. T. W. 
Nicholson and A. H. Davis, on improved land, produced on 
large areas from 1,000 to 1,500 pounds of seed cotton per acre. 
Dr. Garrett, of Ringwood, produced 90 bushels of corn on one 
acre, and over 2,600 pounds of seed cotton on another acre. 

Improved breeds of stock have been introduced. The Berk- 
shire hog is the favorite breed. 
16 



344 NOTES FEOM COURESFONDENTS. 



HARNETT. 

D. MclST. McKay, in 187G, produofcd 2,220 pounds of seed 
cotton on one acre of improved land. Tlie product of this acre, 
when ginned and sold, amouuteJ to $92. GO. In 1877 the same 
gentlemnn produced a^ crop of turnips estimated to weigh be 
tweeu 30 and 50 tons per acre, and 40 bushels of wheat on the 
same quantity of land. 

Improved breeds of hogs are common, the Berkshire and Po- 
land-China being the most popular. 

HAYWOOD. 

The heaviest yield of wheat reported in this county was 60 
bushels per acre. 

The Norman Percheron horse was introduced by Mr. R. H. 
Penland, and is considered the best breed of farm horse known. 

Devon cattle, improved breeds of sheep and the Essex and 
Berkshire hogs are bred and are said to thrive well. 

HEISTDERSOiv^. 

Mr. Jonathan Maxwell produced 35 bushels of wheat per 
acre. Kirkwood King produced an average yield of 20 bushels 
9f wheat per a(;re oa a lot of 20 acres. J. M. Leyda, of Edneys- 
ville, produced 750 bushels of Irish potatoes per acre. 

Of improved breeds of hogs the Chester-White and Essex are 
known, The latter breed is considered the most profitable. 

HERTFORD. 

W, S. Taylor produced 24 bales of cotton on 20 acres. L. T. 
Tyler produced 2,500 pounds of seed cotton on one acre. Capt. 
Long Taylor produced 12 bales on 7 acres. No extra yield of 
cereals or root crops reported by our corresj)ondent. 

Improved^breeds of hogs and cattle are being introduced. 



NOTES FROM COEEESPONDENTS. 245 



HYDE. 

Our correspondents in this county report no extra yields o£ 
/«rops of recent date. 

Improved breeds of cattle and hogs have been recently intro- 
'duced. The Berkshire hog is most common and the favorite 
breed . 

IREDELL. 

E. E. Smith produced 6 tons of Golden Millet per acre on 
■old field land, with stable manure spread broadcast. Clover 
and other grasses are reported to yield finely. 

The Essex, Poland China and Berkshire hogs are bred suc- 
cessfully, the latter breed being the favorite and most numer- 
ous. 

J. Henry Stimson and "William Stikeleather, of Concord 
Township, each produced 115 bushels of corn per acre. From 
.30 to 35 bushels of wheat, and from 1,600 to 2,000 pounds of 
seed cotton per acre have been produced by many. In the north- 
ern portion of the county as mucli as 1000 pounds of tobacco 
have been produced on one acre. 

JACKSOlSr. 

Henry M. Hooper produced, on 10 acres of land, 400 bushels 
of corn, 400 busliels of Turnips and 5,625 pumpkins, all with- 
out manure. William Wilson produced 60 busliels of turnips 
on ^ of an acre. 

Devon and Durham cattle have been introduced, and ara 
bred with profit. The Berkshire and Essex hogs are common 
and thrive well. 

JOifES. 

.No extra yields reported. 

Improved breeds of cattle, crossed on the native stock, and 



246 KOTES FEOM COERESPONDENTS. 



the Essex aud Poland-Chiua hogs ure being introduced and 
mnch sought after. Hogs of all the various^breeds thrive well 
with the exception of the Chester White. 

Wm. G. Fordham produced 1,125 pounds of lint cotton on 
one and a half acres of poor land. 

A few improved breeds of cattle and sheep have been intro- 
duced and promise well. Mr. Fountain Williams has some half- 
breed Cotswold sheep which clipped 9^ pounds each, on the first 
shearing, and 7i pounds on the second. The Essex hogs, when 
crosspd on the native stock, are the most popular. 

From 40 to 50 pounds of honey per hive are frequently ob- 
tained. Only the native bees are kept. 

LElsfOIE. 

J. C. Kennedy produced, in 1874, 100 barrels of corn on 5- 
acres of unimproved bottom land, and 600 bushels^ of sweet po- 
tatoes on one acre. A. D. Parrott produced 75 bushels of corn 
per acre, and 1,223 bushels of wheat on 85 acres of unimpaoved 
land. The same gentleman produced SO-J bales of cotton on 33- 
acres, without manure. H. 0, Parrott, in 1876, produced 6,000 
^lounds of yellow tobacco on 5 acres, 

Devon, Alderney and Ayrshire cattle, and the Berkshire and 
I'uland-China hogs are bred successfully, 

LIXCOLK. 

Fortj-five bushels of wheat and 65 bushels of corn per acre- 
have been reported by W. A. Graham, 

Ayrshire cattle and Berkshire hogs have been introduced, and 
are reported as doing well. 

MACOX. 

John Reidj"produccd 40 bushels of wheat per acre. Mr, Ram- 
sey produced 80 bushels of corn on one acre. The heaviest yield 
of corn reported was 105 bushels per acre. 



NOTES FEOM CORRESPONDENTS. S47 



The Deyon and Ayrshire cattle, crossed on native stock, are 
■bred profitably, as well as the Berkshire and Poland-China 
hogs, 

MADISOi^". 

J. J. Gndger reports a yield of 100 bushels of corn per acre. 
M. A. Chandley reports 50 bushels of corn on an acre of bottom 
land, and 30 bushels of oats per acre on corn laiicl. Zachariali 
Henderson, in 1876, produced a crop of tobacco on 2f acres that 
netted him $1027.00, after dedncting freight and commission. 
In the same year, Lee Henderson realized $390.00 on less than 
■one acre of tobacco. 

Improved breeds of hogs are being introduced. 

MCDOWELL. 

J. G. Neal, in 1877, produced 20 bushels of wheat on 1 acrc« 
•S. J. Neal reports 35 b. labels of wheat, 75 bushels of corn and 
•50 bushels of Irish pot. toes per acre on unimproved land. The 
■largest yield of corn was 75 bushels of corn per acre. 

The Essex, Berksbiro and Poland- China hogs are bred with 
.success. No improved cattle reported. 

MECKLEN-BUKG. 

Sandy McKee produced 5,183 pounds of seed cotton on 8 
acres of land. T. T. McCord produced 1,360 pounds of seed 
•cotton per acre. John W. Wadsworth produced 972 pounds of 
lint cotton on one acre. Cajit. Neal, of Steel Creek, has aver- 
aged one bale to the acre for several years. M. A. Wilson pro- 
duced upwards of 9,000 pounds of seed cotton on six acres. W. 
W. Phifer produced 1,000 pounds of seed cotton per acre on 70 
acres of land. J. M. Davis produced 19 bales on 20 acres. J. 
C. Dowd produced an average of 1,200 pounds of seed cotton 
per ;icre on 16 acres of land, with one mule. Dr. J. W. Herron 
jjiroduced 25 bales of cotton, averaging 460 pounds each, on 17 



^48 NOTES FEOM C0REESP0NDENT8. 



acres. E. 0. Grier })roduc'ed 8G bushels of com ;uid 2,4:00 
pounds of seed cotton per tiere. R. R. Peoples })roduced 70{> 
bushels of corn on ten acres, iind 2,000 bushels on 40 acres. 
John W. WadsAvorth produced 6 acres of oats yielding 52-1- bush- 
els per acre, and 6 acres of wheat yielding 28-2- bushels per acre.. 
Six thousand pounds of Orchard grass per acre were produced 
by the same party. 

Of improved stocV, the Devon and Ayrshire cattle are Ijred;. 
also the Berkshire, Essex and Chester hogs, which are well 
knoAvn and prove remunerative. The Southdown and Ootswohl 
sheep are bred pure and crossed on the native stock. 

MITCHELL. 

S. W. Blalock reports 75 bushels of corn, 40 bushels of Avheat,. 
300 bushels of Irish potatoes and Go bushels of buckwheat per 
acre. 

The Devon and Dnrham cattle, and the Essex and Chester- 
hogs have been introduced and do well. 

MOOEE. 

J. G. Foushee produced 1,600 pounds of seed cotton on one 
acre, and 14,200 pounds on 12 acres of land. 
ISTot much attention paid to stock raising. 

NASH. 

J. L. Finch produced 2,200 i^ounds of seed cotton and 470 
bushels of sweet potatoes per acre. Large yields of corn, wheat 
and oats have been reported. 

Not much improved stock introduced. Improved l)reods of 
hogs, crossed on native stock, are reported to do well. 

NORTHAMPTON. 

W. II. Burgess ]->roduced 1,500 pounds of seed cotton, 40 
bushels of corn, 30 bushels of oats and 125 bushels of sweet po- 
tatoes per acre. 

No improved stock reported by our correspondents. 



NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS. 249 



ONSLOW. 

D. E. Sandlin produced 1 bale of cotton per acre witli very 
little manure. The general average of corn is from 25 to 30 
bushels per acre on uplands, and from 80 to 100 bushels on 
SAvamp lands. Potatoes yield from 250 to 300 bushels, and pea- 
nuts 200 bushels per acre. 

Oreat improvement has been made in the stock of hogs by 
the addition of the Berkshire and Poland-China breeds, which 
are reported as being much more profitable than the native stock. 

ORANGE. 

Hal P. Jones produced 8 bushels of wheat from 2 quarts of 
seed sown, with a garden drill, on improved land. 

The Ayrshire, Devon and Durham cattle have been intro- 
duced and do well. 

Of hogs, the Berkshire and Poland-China are the favorite 
breeds. 

Cotswold and Southdown sheep are bred freely, and consid- 
ered much more profitable than the native stock. 

James Norwood produced 4 tons of clover hay and 3 tons of 
timothy per acre. Four hundred bushels of beets, 800 bushels 
of tnrnips and 50 bushels of corn Avere produced by the same 
gentleman, who is the oAvner of several fir.e thoroughbred 
horses. 

PAMLICO. 

C. H. FoAvler produced, in 1874, 48 bales of cotton on 40 
acres of land. Jamrs W. DaAvton produced 2,637 pounds of 
seed cotton on 1 acre. Bradford Gutlin produced 1,737 pounds 
of seed cotton per acre, and Sheldon SaAvyer 2,203 pounds per 
acre, both without manure. On unimproA^ed land Thomas J. 
SaAvyer produced 60 bushels of corn per acre on a field of 16 
acres. Of sAvcct potatoes, 4( bushels per acre have been pro- 
duced by many. 

The cattle, sheep and hogs have been mucli improved by the 
introduction of other breeds, crossed on the native stock. 



350 NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS. 



Chester white and Berkshire, crossed on the native stock, is 
the favorite breed. 

PASQUOTANK. 

C. W. Hollowell reports 2,000 pounds of seed cotton, 150 gal- 
lons of sorghnm and 122 barrels of Irish potatoes per acre, 

Alderny, Jersey and Dnrham cattle are bred and do well. 
Berkshire, Essex, Suffolk and Poland China hogs have been in- 
troduced. More attention j^aid to improved breed (^f stock and 
the manufacture of home-made fertili25ers than formerly. 

PEKDER. 

Col. E. D. Hal], produced 122 bushels of corn and 40 bushels 
of upland rice per acre. 

PERQUIMAIS^S. 

Willis Lamb produced 100 bushels of corn peraereonnew 
swamp land. Rufrs White produced 70 bushels per acre. 
Three hundred bushels of sweet potatoes have frequently been 
produced per acre. 

The Scuppernong grape grows luxuriantly in this county. T. 
E. Winslow produced 120 bushels from vines covering ^ acre, 
realizing a profit of one dollar per bushel. 

The Durham and Alderney cattle, the Berkshire and Poland 
China hogs are Ired; no improved breeds of sheep reported. 

PRRSOX. 

No extra jield leported by our correspondents. 
John Rogers produced 50 bushels of corn and 1,500 pounds 
©f tobacco per acre. 



NOTES FEOM COEEESPONDENTS. 251 



PITT. 



Mr. Summerlin produced 3,000 pounds of seed cotton on one 
acre. Allen Cotton produced 3976 pounds seed cotton on 2^ 
acres and 31 bales on 27 acres. Joab Hemby produced 75 
bushels of corn per acre. James Joyner produced 2 tons of 
German Millet per acre. 

Some improved breeds of horses and cattle have been intro- 
duced and are highly prized. 



POLK. 



Our corres])on dents can learn of no extra yield in this 
county. 

RAJSTDOLPH. 

Jonathan Lassiter reports 70 bushels of corn and 40 bushels 
of wheat per acre. W. A. Woolen produced 70 bushels of Irish 
potatoes on f of an acre. In Augaist he sowed the same lot in 
turnips, after gathering the potatoes, and realized 335 bushels. 

Some attention has been paid to improving the stock of hogs, 
by the introduction of the Berkshire, which is said to do well, 
and is the favorite breed. 

RICHMOIS^D. 

Hampton Le Grand produced 40 bushels of corn per acre on 
land which had been planted in corn for 70 years in succession, 
of sweet potatoes 400 bushels per acre have been produced re- 
peatedly. 

ROBESOX. 

M. ]Sr. Mclver reported 84 bushels of corn and 500 bushels 
of sweet potatoes per acre. Berkshire is the favorite breed of 
hogs. 



252 XOTES FKOM COKRESPOXDENTS. 



ROCKINGHAM. 

John ^Y. Hutcherson reports 40 bushels of Wheat, 50 of corn, 
50 of oats and 1200 pounds of tobacco per acre. F. B. Lindsey 
produced 48 bushels of wheat to one sown. 

Jersey and "Devon cattle are bred as well as the Berkshire and 
Essex hogs, both of which are much liked. 

EOWAN". 

H. 0. Best reports 125 bushels of corn, 35 of wheat, 80 of 
oats per acre. Eight hundred pounds of lint cotton and 1800 
of tobacco per acre are reported by the same gentleman. Three 
tons of clover and orchard grass hava been produce per acre» 
S. R. Harrison produced 110 bushels o' cor.i per acre, on bot- 
tom land. J. R. Crawforl, on 50 acres of uplands, produced 
an average of 35 bushels of corn per acre, and on 2-^ acres, 134 
bushels. Li ike Bhtckmer | roduced 33 bushels and^S. R. Har- 
rison 35 bushels of wheat per acre. M. L. Holmes jDroduced 
an average of 35 bushels of wheat |,er aorj, o!:' oats an average of 
40 bushels per acre has bein jre:|U3ntly atttdued. J. R. Craw- 
ford produced seven, 500 pounds bales o: cotton, on 7 acres,. 
S. A. Lawrence produced an aver.ige oH 1250 pounds of seed 
cotton per acre. A. L. Johnson produced 550 bushels of sweet 
potatoes per acre. S. R. Harrison produced 3 tons of good 
hay per acre, and 3 busliels of millet :irom one pint of seed. 
OA^er 37,000 pounds or oil o! Sa-csvnas and 3170 pounds oil of 
])ennyroyal were produced in th's county in 1878. 

Improved breeds of cattle and hogs are well known and prove- 
profitable and thrift3% 

RUTHERFORD. 

J. H. Foi'uey produced 33 bushels of wheat per acre without 
manure. T. B. T witty produced 50 bushels of corn per acre. 
James Allen produced 50 bushels oats per acre. A. G. Logan 
produced 240 bushels of Irish potatoes per acre. Jay 



K"OTES FROM COREESPO^TDENTS. 25^ 



Lewis i^roduced 235 gallons of sorghum from one acre. A. F. 

Morgan produced 10 bushels of chufas from one quart of seed. 

The Berkshire is the favorite breed of hogs and thrives well. 

SAMPSOX, 

John Ashford reports 135 bushels of corn, 500 bushels of 
sweet potatoes, 800 bushels of turnips, 40 bushels of wheat 
2700 pounds seed cotton and GO bushels of rice per acre, on 
swamp land. 

Berkshire hogs have been introduced with favorable results.. 

STAXLY. 

IS^elson Pennington produced 40 bushels of wheat on oneacre.- 
J. Marshall produced 38 bushels per acre, and George W. Dun- 
lap 6Q bushels from 2 bushels of seed sown. From 75 to 80 
bushels of corn have been produced on bottom lands. S. H. 
Maner produced 64 bushels of corn per acre. A. S. Miller 
produced 48 bushels of wheat per acre. 

Poland-China and Berkshire hogs are bred with success. 

STOKES. 

R. P. Mc Anally produced 1013 pounds of tobacco on four- 
hfths of an acre, realizing $152 therefrom. The same gentle- 
man produced 18|- bushels of rye and 16 tons of sugar beets per 
acre, all without manures. Irish potatoes yielded an average 
of 263 bushels per acre on unimproved land. 

SUERY. 

Win. M, IS'orman produced 26-2- bushels of wheat per acre. 
Robert F. Sanders produced 1082 pounds of Tobacco per acre. 
On bottom lands a yield of 50 to 60 bushels of corn per acre is 
frequently made. 



554 NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS. 



The Poland-China, Berkshire and Essex hogs are hred. 
crosses of Cotswold and Merino sheep have been introduced. 

SAVAiisr. 

A. B. Welsh produced 50 bushels of corn per acre. J. S. 
Bradshaw produced 4 bushels of wheat to one of seed. T. E. 
McClure produced 20 bushels of rye per acre. 

No improved stock re2:>orted by our correspondents. 

TRANSYLVAN"IA. 

C. T. Lownes produced an average of 40 bushels of corn on a 
field of 100 acres, and on the same farm 40 acres sown in wheat, 
averaged 15 bushels per acre. E. B. Clayton produced an average 
of 50 l3ushels of corn on 4 acres and on one acre of sorghum 280 
gallons of syrup. 

The Ayrshire and Devon cattle and the Southdown and 
Merino sheep are bred with ease and greater profit than the 
native stock. The Berkshire and Essex hogs are Avell known, 
a cross between tliem being considered the most profitable. 

TYRRELL. 

On 5 acres of imjn'oved land Eph Leigh produced 5 bales of 
cotton, weighing 600 pounds each. William McClure produced 
S bales on 8 acres of improved land. From 50 to (30 bushels of 
corn per acre have been frec[uently produced. 

No breeds of improved stock reported. 

tr]sriOjS\ 

No extra yield of crops reported from this county by our cor- 
respondents. 

Cotswold sheep, the Essex and Berkshire hogs have been in- 
troduced with o'ood result. 



]SrOTES FEOM CORRESPONDENTS. 25&. 



WAKE. 

S. D. Williams reports a crop in Panther Branch township- 
yielding 2400 ponnds seed cotton per acre and 73 qnarts of 
wheat from one pint of seed. Gr. W. Atkinson, of Apex, pro- 
duced. 200 bushels of chufas on one acre. 

Of cattle, A. W. Shaffer, of Raleigh, reports a small herd of 
pure blood Jerseys, which are said to be exceptionably adapted 
to the soil and climate of North Carolina and highly esteemed 
for extraordinary richness of milk and fine quality of butter ob- 
tained therefrom. The same gentlema,n has also the pure Cots- 
wold sheep and. a cross between them and the native stock, 
which are considered more hardy and better acclimated than 
the pu"e blood, as they are less liable to disease and can more 
safely stand the heat of summer. 

WARREjST. 

The late Hon. W. N. Edwards produced 500 bushels of wheat 
on 12 acres. John Watson produced, in 1877, 22 tons of ruta 
baga turnips on one acre. W. H. Cheek, in 1875, produced 
1250 pounds of dark shipping tobacco per acre, and realized 18 
cents per pound. On ten acre>, Maj. Kemp Plumer produced 
an average of 1800 pounds of seed cotton per acre, and 75 bales 
of lint cotton on 100 acres. Walter Allen and many others have 
frequently attained an average of one bale per acre throughout 
their crops. B. M. Collins produced, in 1873, 12000 pounds, 
of seed cotton on 8 acres, one acre of which produced 2400 
pounds, 4000 pounds of dark tobacco on 3 acres were produced 
by the same gentleman. Por many years this county has been 
famous for its thoroughbred horses. The Devon and Shorthorn 
cattle with the Essex, Berkshire and Poland-China hogs are 
bred freely and profitably. No improve breed of sheej? reported. 

WATAUGA. 

Sixty bushels of corn jier acre reported by our correspondents. 



2.^0 XOTES FROM CORUESPOXDENTS. 



M. C. Hiirman produced 15 bushels of wheat per acre, without 
manTircs. Thomas Farthing produced 2G bushels of wheat 
per acre. 

The Devon and Durham are bred and do well. Improved 
breeds of Essex, Berkshire and Poland-China hogs have been 
introduced, as well as crosses of these breeds. 

WILKES. 

,). T.Fi nicy reports an average yield of 52^ bushels of corn 
per ace, on 40 acres of land and another of 58f bushels per 
acre on 27 acrjs. 

AVILSON. 

James T. Lewis produced 70 bales of cotton on 70 acres and 
21 bushels of wheat per acre. Potato crops are reported very 
fine. 

The Berkshire hog is the favoi'ite breed and thrives well. 

YADKIX. 

T. Long rep:>rted 100 bushels of corn and 20 of wheat per 
acre, on improved* land. 

The -Essex, Poland China and Berkshire hogs are bred and 
prove thrifty. 

YANCEY. 

D. Gr. Cartel', on Caney River, produced 85 bushels of corn per 
acre. 30 bushels of wheat and 40 of barley have been produced' 
frequently. Of Irish patatoes 300 bushels per acre have bee:T 
produced by many. 

Berkshire, Essex, Chester and Poland-China hogs are bred, 
..all prove thrifty and profitable. 



CITIES. TOWNS AND VILLAGES. 



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^11 



SILK CULTURE. 267 



SILK CULTURE. 



The general prevalence of westerly winds which give a drj 
and warm summer climate to North Carolina makes it a healthj 
home for the silk worm. The mulberry tree grows with great 
vigor and healthfulness tliroughout the middle and eastern sec- 
tions of the State. 

Silk has been raised in Cumberland county on a small scal« 
for a number of years and an experiment made in Fayetteville 
but a few years since proves that the percentage of loss by dis- 
ease of the worm is very small. 

Mrs. W. J. Caldwell of Lincoln county has on exhibition at 
the Agricultural museum a small hank of silk made by her 
which is very beautiful. The subjoined letters give some idea 
(jf the profits which may be had from this industry and when 
considered as work suited to females and those not able to un- 
dergo the hardship of field labor, the subject certainly commends 
itself to the attentive consideration of our people. 

Mr. Ed. Fasnach, of the city of Raleigh, who has been a very 
successful silk culturist contributes the following : 

"Silk culture was attempted and carried on with fair success 
during the time of the American Colonies but the war of the 
Revolution checked it, the means of exporting the raw silk 
having been cut off. 

About 40 years ago the tlie Morus Multicaulis fever put silk 
culture again on its feet, but the extravagant and false state- 
ments of interested parties and the speculating and gambling 
nuinia that followed, prejudiced its interests. Every body went 
to growing trees and nobody to making silk. It ended in com- 
plete failure. It is worthy of notice, however, and indeed it 
slioulcl always be borne in mind that if silk culture has not been 
a success it was no fault of the climate. On the contrary when- 
ever our native grown silk was put to a test it always proved to 
be of excellent quality. Dr. Elliot states that in 1759 the ex- 



3ti8 SILK OULTUEE. 



port of raw silk to Englaud for that year from Georgia alone 
exceeded 10,000 pounds and it was of such excellent quality 
that it sold in London at from twotJiree shillings more per pound 
than that from any other part of the toorld. 

Again, Prof. Kerr had some North Carolina cocoons exhibited 
at the World's Fair in Philadelphia which, after having been, 
reeled were pronounced by experts of mosc excellent quality, 
another proof of the high valuation of the North Carolina, 
cocoons. Prof, A. Rowland, author and scientist of Orbe^ 
Switzerland, having seen some of my cocoons sent me a few 
weeks ago a lot of silk worm eggs of a very precious breed to 
save the cocoons raised from them — silk worm eggs all the way 
from Europe to have the cocoons raised in North Carolina. 

The above instances should be suffici nt to satisfy all the 
doubting Thomases as to the adaptability of our climate for the 
raising of silk worm. But after all the paramount question is, 
does it pay ? 

Let us see : 

The prices for cocoons and raw silk have of late years very 
much fluctuated. While the cocoons were selling in 1876 at 
$3.00 per pound they are selling to-day at only $1.00 per pound. 
These are the extreme figures, we may safely put the average- 
price at 12.00 per pound. 

Two hundred mulberry trees will grow very well on two acres, 
of land. A good medium sized tree will yield 150 pounds of 
leaves, which gives us 30,000 pounds of le ives on two acres. As 
it takes 17 pounds of leaves to make 1 pound of fresh cocoons 
30,000 pounds will give us 1,^65 pounds of fresh cocoons. 

Since we have no market f( r fresh cocoons we must stifle them 
and dry them . Our 1, 765 pounu s will then only weigh 588 pounds. 
(The proportion of fresh to dried cocoons being as 3 to 1.) 

We have stated the average piice of dried cocoons to be 13. OO 
per pound, this will give us 2X588=?1,176.00. 



SILK CULTUEE. 26^ 



Expenses : 

1 grown person first 10 days, 110.00 
3 boys or girls "" " 6.00 

2 grown persons second 10 days, 20.00' 
§ boys or girls " '' 15.00 

3 grown persons third 10 days, 30.00 
16 boys or girls " " 48.00 



$129.00 

If we add a few dollars for feed, a few days work for pruning 

and cultivating the trees, and a few sundries it will cover all the 

expenses which would not exceed $160. This deducted from. 

above 11,176 would, leave us $1,016. 

$1,016 on two acres of land and in one month time ! How 
does this compare with one bale of cotton to the acre, the bale 
at $40.00, the crop of which it takes six months to make and 
gather. 

THE BUILDING KEQUIKED. 

Two cheap buildings of rough boards, with fixtures, built 
with a view of thorough ventilation, each 100x24 is all that is 
required. 

I desire to state here that in my calculation for the above silk 
crop, I have been very careful not to rely on my judgment alone 
but have gathered from the many and excellent authorities at 
my command. 

In connection with silk culture you hear often the remark 
made that we had no market for our cocoons. This is a great 
mistake. 

Marseilles is the great market for raw silk and cocoons. These 
are shipped to Marseilles in bales from the far Orient^ as Turkey 
Asia, Egypt, Japan and China. Why could we not ship them 
from North Carolina? Moreover, if it pays to ship a bale of 
cotton of 400 pounds, worth $40, to Liverpool, how much better 
can we afford to ship a bale of silk of 100 pounds, worth $2005. 



370 SILK CULTURE. 



to Marseilles, only about 300 miles fiirtlier. The cocoons enter 
France duty free. 

The mulberry tree ought to have four years groAvth before it 
can be stripped of its leaves with impunity. Four years is a 
long time to wait in this fast age of ours, and no doubt tliisfaet 
has deterred many from engaging in silk culture. 

But what must we think of the thousands and thousands of 
mulberry trees scattered over jSTorth Carolina whose precious 
foliage is allowed to go to waste every year. 

In France and other countries to engage in silk culture you 
have to plant the trees, invest your capital and wait four and 
six years before you can commence to reap any benefit. Here, 
in this greatly favored North Carolina you have the trees already. 
You have, so to speak, only to reach out your hands to gather 
the treasures with which the Creator has so bountifully sur- 
rounded you. 

I have omitted to mention the advantage of establishing a 
filature in our midst. Its importance and usefulness can hardly 
be over-estimated. It would enable the silk grower to bring his 
cocoons to market, no matter how small his crop. (The small 
crops in France furnish three-fourth of the silk production.) 
He could dispose of it without the trouble and expense of stilling, 
drying and shipping to foreign markets, and this assures to tho 
small grower a prompt, certain and remunerative return for his 
labor. To make the culture of silk a matter of great individual 
and national importance we must strive to bring it to every 
farmer's door. A filature Avill do it." 

A letter from Brighton, Mass., to the ''Farmer and Mechan- 
ic," says: 

"Allow me to bring before you- readers the advantages of 
raising silk. You have a climate peculiarly adapted to this in- 
dustry, two crops a year being possible. The following state- 
ment will be found reliable: An acre of mulberry trees will 
support 1,000,000 silk worms that will make 400 pounds of raw 
silk, now worth from four to five dollars per pound. A single 
fair-sized mulberry tree will feed worms enough to produce 



SILK CULTURE. 271 



seven pounds of raw silk. One pound of reeled silk will make 
sixteen yards of fabric. Silk worms multiply very rapidly, the 
female moth laying 300 to 400 eggs. A million silk worms will 
need the first Aveek the care of two persons; the second, 4; the 
third, 8; the fourth and fifth 15 to 20. But children can do 
much of this work. The reeling of the silk can be done at any 
time. 

It will thus be seen that^this business will yield rich returns — 
subject of course to losses and disappointments, our common lot 
in this life. But with intelligent care success will be the rule. 
A standard authority speaks of silk-raising as "an occujiation 
for the feeble and a resource for the poor awakening to habits 
of industry and of virtue the lising generation. Though a 
native of the extreme North, a short residence in your State has 
made me deeply interested in its hospitable people, and in its 
future prosperity. 



BEE KEEPING. 



This brauch of industry does not receive the attertion that it 
deserves, although the following reports from 37 counties show 
that it may be made quite a profitable one in the extreme east- 
ern and western counties. The expense attendant on the keep- 
ing of bees is not necessorily large, and the profits from these 
busy little workers might doubtless be increased by taking ad- 
vantage of the modern appliances that have been devised for 
their better bousing and the extraction of honey without the 
destruction of life. From most of the ccmmunications it will 
be seen that the Italif^n Bee is the favorite and is freqnently 
hybridized with the native or black bee. It is said to be more 
industrious, stronger and generally more docile. "They ap- 
pear to have longer bills and to be able to reach the honey ia 



.272 BEE CULTURE. 



flowers — the Red Clover for example — whicb is not accessible to 
common bees." (Farmers and Planter's Encycloptediu.) 

In response to the following questions: 

1st. What Bee is kept and which do the best, the Native, 
Italian, Cyprian or Albino? 

2d. What is the annual average yield per Colony in Honey 
and Beeswax ? 

od. What is the average price per pound ? 

ASHE COUKTY, 

Th'uugli Mr. T. C. Worth, reports that the native bees are 
chietly kept. There are some Italians tnat\lo not succeed well. 
Yield of Honey and Beeswax about 100^ p)!i!ih pircoljuy- 
Price of Honey 12-h cents per pound. Beeswax 25 cents per 
pound. 

ALAMAJSrOE COU2<)rTY 

Has the native, Italiau and Hybrid — Italian preferred. t,One 
pound of wax to 20 or 25 pounds of honey per colony. ^Price 
from 15 to 20 cents per pound. This repoi't is received from 
Mr. D. W. Kerr and Dr. W. F. Bason. 

ALEXANDER COUXTY. 

Mr. I. P. Matheson states that the native is the only bee in 
his county. Average yield 100 pounds honey and 6 pounds wax. 
Price per pound of honey 10 cents and wax 25 cents. Mr. W. 
W. Gryder of this county also writes, that from the native bee 
about 30 to 35 pounds of honey is the average yield per colony, 
and about 4 pounds of wax to every 30 pounds of honey. The 
honey commands 10 cents per pound, and the wax 28 cents. 

BLADEN COUNTT. 

Mr. J. W. Purdie reports that the native is the only kind 



BEE CULTURE. 273 



kept, and that the yield per colony is about 50 to 60 pounds. Price 
of honey from 8 to 10 C( nts. Wax about 25 cents. 

ERUJS'SWICK COUNTY. 

Mr. A. C. Williard answers that the native is the only bee 
kept; that the Italians have been tried but do not thrive well. 
About 25 pounds of marketable honey is made to the colony, 
and 2y pounds of wax worth 25 cents. 

BUNCOMBE COUNTY. 

Mr, W. B. Cheek reports that there are no Cyprian or Albino 
bee.3 in this county. The Italians gather at least one third 
more Jioaey than the natives. Average y'cld n" honey per col- 
ony 20 pounds. Price 10 cents. About 2 pouud^ of wax', price 
20 cents per pound. 

CALDWELL COUNTY. 

Mr. John M. Houck reports that the native and Italian both 
do well in this county, and that there is not much difference in 
their work. A low estimate of yield per colony is 25 pounds. 
The average price is 10 cents per pound. 

CATAWBA COUNTY. 

Mr. W. P. Reinhardt states that the Italian is superior to the 
native. Average yield about 40 pounds to the colony. Price 
of honey varies from 15 to 20 cents per pound, and wax is rated 
at 25 cents. 

CHEROKEE COUNTY. 

Mr. "Wm. Beal reports only the native bee in this county. 
Average yield per colony 30 pounds. Price 12-^ cents. 



2T4 BEE CULTURE. 



COLUMBUS COUXTY, 



Mr. W. M. Baldwin says that only the native bees are kept 
that they do well, especially near the large swamps. 



FRANKLIX COUNTY. 



Messrs. M. S. Davis and 0. L. Ellis state that the native bee 
is kept. The average yield per colony is 50 pounds ofj honey 
and 6 pounds of wax. Price of honey 18i cents per pound. 



FORSYTH COUNTY. 



Mr. R. H. Linville writes that 50 pounds of honey to the col- 
ony is about the average yield, and the price is 12^ cents per 
pound. 



GASTON COUNTY. 



Mr. James H. White states that the Italian l>ee will get honey 
from the cotton bloom and the red clover, where the native bee 
never works. 



GRAHAM COUNTY. 



Mr. G. B. Walker writes that the native bee is cultivated, and 
that the average yield of honey per colony is 60 pounds, and of 
wax 10 pounds. Honey sells for 10 cents and wax for 22|- cents 
per pound. 



GUILFORD COUNTY. 



Mr. Jas. W. Albright reports that the native, Italian and Hy- 
brid are kept, the Italian being preferred. Average yield per 
colony about 40 pounds of honey and 5 pounds of wax. Aver- 
age price of honey 15 cents, and wax 20 cents. 



BEE CULTUEE. 275 



HAYWOOD COUNTY, 

■ Mr. A. J. Henan writes that the native is the only >. -^ kept. 
The annutii jield per colony is about 60 pounds, someyitM' 100. 
pounds. Price 10 cents. 

HYDE COUNTY. 

Mr. Wm. S.Carter reports that the native bee is the only 

] ] ( J ' ] , 
of wax from a colony. Price from 50 to 60 cents per gallon 
for honey, and 25 cents per pound for wax. 

IREDELL COUNTY. 

Messrs. J. D. Click and J. McOvercash state that the natives 
and a few Italians are kept. The Italians are preferred. Aver- 
age yield 50 pounds. Price about 12^ cents per ponnd. 

JACKSON COUNTY. 

Mr. D. D. Davies writes' that the native bee is kept. The 
average yield is 30 pounds to the colony — 10 cents per pound. 

MADISON COUNTY. 

Mr. J, J. Gudger says that the black bee is most common* 
Average yield about 33-j pounds to the colony. Price 10 cents. 
There are about 1000 colonies in this county. 

MECKLENBURG COUNTY. 

Mr E. B. Caldwell reports that both Italian and natives are 
kept. The Italian colonies average 30 pounds to the colony. 
The natives from 15 to 20 pounds, and of wax about 2 pounds. 
Price of honey 12-| cents, 

MITCHELL COUNTY. 

Mr. S. W. Blalock estimates the average yield of a colony at 
30 pounds, at a price of 12^ cents per pound. This is a fine 
county for honey. The native bee is the only one kept. 
19 



27G I'l^^J^- CULTURE. 



I'AMLICO COUNTY. 



Mr. J. S. Lane writes that the average yield of a colony is 
about 40 pounds of honey and 4 pounds of wax. 



PEXDER COUi^TY. 



Xr. Daniel Shaw reports that none but the native bee is kept 
m this county. This is a good county for bees. Average yield 
from 2 to 4 gallons of honey per hive, wax 2 pounds. Price of 
honey 80 cents per gallon; of wax 30 cents per pound. 



PITT COUNTY. 

Mr. Jos. J(jyner says that none but the native bees are kcpt^ 
and that the average yield is from one to one^^and a half gallons 
p3r colony. Price oi honey is 8 cents per pound. 

ROCKIKGHAM COUJSTTY. 

Mr. John W. Hutchinson says that but little attention is 
given to bees in this county. 

ROWAN COUNTY^ 

Mr. Luke Blackmer reports that the native bee is almost ex- 
clusively raised. The average amount ofj, honey is about 40 
pounds, and 10 pounds of beeswax. Price of honey 12^- cents, 
of wax 25 cents. 

EUTHERfORU COUNTY. 

Mr. W. L. JoBCs writes that but little attention is paid to bee 
keeping, and that the averageyield is not more than 2o ]>ounds 
per hive. 

■SAMl'SOX COUNTY. 

Col. John Ai-l,::ci]d m d Mr. \V. P. Wcimyss prefer the Hy- 
brids. The average yield i? about 2 gallons of honey to the hive, 
and from 2 to 3 pounds of wax. This is for the common box. 



BEE CULTUEE. 277 



With improYed boxes and management 80 pounds per colony can 
1)6 made. By the use of the honey extractor an average of 100 
pounds can be made. Price 15 cents per pound for comb, and 
$1.00 23er gallon for strained honey. 

SWAIN COU]S"TY. 

Mr. J. M. E:irls writes that the native bee is the only one 
raised, and that the average yield per colony is from 15 to 30 
pounds, and 2 or 3 pounds of wax. Honey is worth 10 cents, 
.and wax 20 cents per pound. 

STANLY COUNTY. 

Mr. W. J. Ross writes that the native bee is the one chieMy 
kept. A few Italians have been introduced. The average yield 
per colony is about 50 pounds — wax 2^ pounds. Price of honey 
varies from 10 to 18 cents, and wax from 20 to 30 cents pe 
pound. 

TYRELL COUNTY. 

Mr. Eli Spruill reports that the native bee is the only bee kept. 
Two gallons of honey and about 8 pounds of was is the average 
yield per colony. Price for a gallon of honey 40 cents, and for 
a pound of wax 22 cents. There is a good deal of honey made 
in this county and the industry pays well, 

WAKE COUNTY. 

Mr. D. P. Meacliam writes as folllows: 

''The three varieties most propagated are the native blacks, 
the imported Italian and the Cyprian. The superiority of ih& 
Italian bee has long been acknowledged by all Apiarians of any 
.note, I might state while on this point, that there are five lead- 
.ing points of superiority, viz: 

1st. They are far more prolific than our natives, 

2nd. They are larger stronger and more vigorous. 



278 BEE CULTURE. 



3rd. They are more industrious. 

-ith. They are more docile in disposition. 

5th. They are more beantiful. 

The Hybrid is a cross of the native bhick on the Itnlian or 
the reverse, either of which crosses produces a bee far superior 
to the native, indeed the genuine Hybrid may scarcely consid- 
ered inferior to the genuine Italian in several important partic- 
ulars especially tlie first three points of superiority conceded, 
to the Italian, to which may be added its ability to withstand 
our cold winters. 

The Cyprian bee is of comparative recent importation, and 
enough is not yet generally known of its qualities to justify the be- 
lief that it will prove superior to the Italian, yet it is believed by 
many bee keepers that it will prove to be superior to anything 
of the kind yet brought to notice: that it will prove a valuable 
acquisition to apiculture in this country I have no doubt 

The average yield of honey per colony from bees ke[)t on 
the improved plans, as near as we can learn from the data at 
command, is a little over sixty eight pounds annually, while one 
hundred pounds is not now regarded as unusual. As to the 
amount of wax, is a question that cannot be answered with any 
degree of certainty, since all experienced bee keepers find it much 
more economical to save and use empty combs than to turn 
them into wax. 

I'he average price at which honey is sold in this country 
as far as we have been able to learn may be placed at about 
thirteen cents, this is the average- for while much is sold at ten 
cents a great deal is sold for twenty cents per pound. 

Bee keeping we think is destined to become one of our na- 
tional industries at no distant future. No other industry has 
made such progress as beekee23inghasmade Aviththe last twelve- 
years." 

WATAUGA COUKTY. 

Mr. A. J. McBride says that there are two_va]'ieties kept, the 



BEE or LTURE. 279 



natives aud Italians. He thinks tliattlie cross of the two kinds 
is the best and that the yield is aljout 45 ponnds of honey and 
two pounds of wax to the colony, the honey being worth 12t]- 
■cents jier pound the wax 25 cents. 

WAYNE COUNTY. 

j\Ir. T. B. Parker thiuks that the Italian bee is far superior 
to all other varieties. Sometimes as much as 200 pounds of 
honey is made by one colony but 50 pounds is a good average 
for the State. Honey is worth from 8 to 15 cents per pound; 
wax about 23 cents.. Mr. Eufas Morgan of this county senda 
the following interesting letter. 

•'I have no hesitation in pronouncingthe Italian decidedly su- 
perior to the Natives in many respects, that will come out very 
prominently in j^oor seasons, but which are not so noticeable du- 
ring those that yield large quantities of honey. To the ordi- 
nary farmer the nati^ j bee is as goo^ as any for all practical 
purposes; as the intro". iction of Italian Queens, and the trouble 
in keeping their projrny pure, more than counterbalances all 
the advantages. To llie professional Apiarian the Italians are 
a necessity for mair; reasons. With him the trouble of in- 
troducing queens and keeping the stock pure, is a labor of love, 
and all the good qualities which the pure Italians really possess, 
are taken advantage of, at the right time and in such a man- 
ner that would be impossible to the farmer. The differences 
in favor of, or against the Italians, I sum up as follows.* 

During a good honey season they are not as cross as the Na- 
tives . 

Daring a poor one, they are much more cross and irritable. 

They swarm oftener and earlier than the natives (objection- 
able, in my opinion the worst feature about them.) 

Are longer lived. Defend their hives more vigorously against 
the moth, and are more prolific. As I said, all these qualities 
-come out prominently during a poor season, yet during a good 
•one, a native hive will do nearly,if not fully,as well as an Italian. 



280 BEE CULTUEE. 



To illustrate. At Old Fort, Nortli Carolina, there was do Bass- 
wood of any account nearer than three miles; yet during the 
BassAvood season, my Italians gathered large quanties of it: my 
natives none of any account; the natives working on the May 
weed or dog fennel, from which they gathered a honey, black, 
hitter, and worthless, of which the Italians took none. I have 
never witnessed as great a diiference in their working qualities 
at any other time. 

Onr best judges regard the Cyprian as identical Avith the 
Italians, there being no apiareciable difference between them, 
Avhen side by side. It is even questionable if there are any 
queens in this country Avho really came from the Island of 
Cyprus. As regards the Albinos, there is no distinct race of that 
name. The name was originated by a dealer in queens, simply 
I suppose to emphasize the fact, that he bred fine, very bright 
queens. 

This question of the amount of honey and wax is A-ery hard 
to answer, it depends so much on locality and nuinagement 
An apiary in the Avestern part of the State in a good locality and a 
good season AA^ould give Avith the extractor an aA'erage yield of at 
least 150 pounds; but in that section a good season does not come 
oftener than once in four or five years, and if one obtained 50 
pounds per colony it would be a fair yield. Farmers there ob- 
tain about 25 per colony. The centre of the State I regard as 
a desert, so far as honey is concerned. In the swamps of the- 
east, the yield is very large and poor seasons feAver. 

In Bladen, on Colley swamp, there are farmers Avho average 50 
pounds per hive, Avhen the trained Apiarian could easily make 200 
pounds, per hive by means of the extractor and comb foundation. 
Almost any Avhere in the SAvamps of the east, bee keeping could be 
made a valuable adjunct to the farm. Wirh the extractor the 
yield of Avax is very sm;ill, but by the method pui'sued by the most 
of our farmers it may be put down as about one jtound of Avax for- 
for every eleven pounds of honey. 

The honey from the west is mostly from sourwood,and commands 
readily in the ooml), when nicely put up 20 to25cts. per pound,. 



BEE CULTUEE. 281 



-all other grades from 8 to 15 cts. jjer pound according to the style 
it is in. The honey from the east is very tine but its distinctive 
(jualities are not as well know as sourwood, nor does it command 
as fair a price, 10 to 15 cents being about the two extremes for 
good quality, and tub honey 5 to 10 cents in any considerable 
([uantities. Very few of our people understand how to put up 
honey nicely and for that reason it commands only about half of 
what it is really worth. It seems to me that a great deal (^f 
good would be done to call attention to the most modern meth- 
od of packing and shipping it to the northern market, where- 
alone good honey commands its true value."' 

YADKIlSr COUNTY. 

Dr. Thos. Long reports that the native is the only kind kept 
— average yield 15 pounds of honey and 5 pounds of wax; price 10' 
cents for honey and 30 cents for wax. 

YANCEY COUNTY. 

Mr. J. R. Neil reports that the native and Italians are kept — 
the yield of honey is about 40 pounds and wax 5 pounds per 
colony; honey worth 10 cents wax 20 c^aits. 



FRUITS ADAPTED TO OUR CLIMATE AND SOIL. 



The following list of valuble fruits adapted to North Carolina 
has been forwarded by Mr. C. W. Westbrook, of Wilson, N. C, 
the OAvner of a large FrnitFarm. 



2S2 FKUIT« ADAPTED TO NOliTLL CAROLINA. 



EARLY APPLES. 



Yellow May, 
Early Harvest, 
Red Astraclicin, 
Red June, 
Hoover's June. 
Yellow Sweet June, 
Red Sweet June, 



Large Stri2)ed June, 
Parker's June, 
Early Sweet Bough, 
Early Joe, 
Early Pear Apple, 
Early Ripe, 
Summer Rose, 



LATE SUiOIER APPLE, 



Summer Pearmain, 
Crarden Royal, 
Summer Queen, 
Yellow Horse, 
Maiden's Blush. 
Porter. 



Summer Cheese, 

Clampett, 

Gregory, 

Large White Sweet, 

Cane, 

Golden Banana. 



FALL APPLES. 



Bonum, 

Buckingham, 

Hunge. 

Grimes' Golden Pippin, 

Fall Smoke House, 



Yellow Bellflower, 

Vandevere Pippin, 

Wine, 

English Pippin, 

Barnes' Tender Skin. 



EARLY VVIXTER APPLES. 



Pine Stump, 
Clark's Pearmain, 
White Winter Pearmain, 



Roxbury Russet, 
Foust, 



MEDIUM WINTER APPLES, 



Wine Sap. 
Ben Davis, 
Gully, 



Green Cheese, 
Mason's Stranger, 
Tanner's Winter, 



FRUITS ADAPTED TO NORTH CAROLINA. 288 



Carolina Beauty, 

Duke, 

Ro3^al Limbertwig, 

Ronianite, 

Red Vandevere, 

Nickajaek,* 



Rawle's Janetfce,* 

Pryar's Red,* 

SAveet Limbertwig or 

Lady Finger, 
Winter Smoke House, 
Golden Winter Pippin. 



Winter 



LATE WIKTEE APPLES. 



Sliockley, 
Winter Neverfail, 
Nansemond Beauty, 
Franklin, 



Hall's Seedling, 

Edward's, 

Red Limbertwig,* 

Bar Seedling, 



Cullasasa, or Bowman's Excel- Johnson's Red, or Brazil Crab, 

sior, White Honey Crab, 

Matamuskeet, Hewe's Virg'inia Crab, 



The following varieties are particularly recommended for 
market in the eastern and middle counties : 

Wine Sap, Y/ine, Neverfail, 

Shockley, Nansemond Beauty. 

Ben Davis, Carolina Beauty, 

Gully. Sweet Limbertwig, 

Franklin, Royal Limbertwig, 

Cullasaga, Duke. 

All these varieties and many others succeed well in th® 
mountains. 

The 
Bonum, Wine Grimes's Golden. 

Buckingham, ■ Vandevere Pippin, 

and other Fall apj^les are good keepers in the mountains. 

Varieties marked thus * do not succeed well in the cotton 
belt. 



2Si FRUn\S ADAPTED TO NORTH CAROLINA. 



Amsden's June, 
Alexander's Early, 
Early Beatrice, 
Early Lonise, 



JUNE PEACHES. 



Early Rivers, 
Large Early River; 
Hale's Early. 



JULY VARIETIES. 



Early Tillotson, 

Large Early York, 

Amelia, 

Earl}'^ Ann, 

Cole's Early, 

Troth's Early, 

Elatus St. .John, 

Foster, 

Early Red Cling, 



White Newington Cling, 
Baltimore Beauty, 
George IV, 
Royal Kensington, 
Crawfor I's Early, 
Yellow Rareri})e, 
Mountain i-iose, \ 

PIun('\ . 



Old Mixon Free, 
Old Mixon Cling. 
Chinese Cling, 
Tippecanoe, 
Crawford's Late, 
JStnmp the World, 
Large ISTewington Clin< 
President, 



AUGUST YARy.Tina. 

Orange Cling, 
Chiiii'sj i r3e. 
Morris White, 
G-eorgia Press, 
Columbia, 
Lemon Cling, 
Kingsmore, 
Sallv Worrell. 



SEPTE.MBER VAHItTIES. 



Sal way, 
Heath Cling, 
Eaton's Golden Cling, 
Yellow Heath Cling, 
La Grange, 



Steadley, 
Eliza Thomas, 
Cowan's Late, 
Steven's Late R<u'eripo. 



FEITITS ADA/JED TO KOKTH CAEOLI^^A. 285 



OCTOBER VARIETIES. 



Nix Oct(»!»cr Cliuo-, Balclwiirs Late Free, 

Scott's October Cling, Lady Parham, 

X^OVEMBEH VARIETIES. 

Albright's Cling, Harris' Winter, 

The Harris Winter Peach originated in ISTash county, is a 
l^erfect free stone, white tiesh, Jnicy and very good, and bears 
abundant annual crops. Frost does not injure it, the fruit has 
been kept until Christmas. It is a valuable market peach. The 
Albright originated with G. W. Albright, Esq., of Ouilford 
county, and is a. remarkably tine peach, bearing abundant crops, 
ripeniiig late, and keeping well. A peach of great value for 
market. 

The most valuable peaches for market purposes as shown by ac- 
tual shipments made to northerh cities from the fruit farm of 
C. W. AVestbrook, Wilson, North Carolina, in the summer of 
18?8: 

Amsden's June. First shipment made May the 29th — made 
various shijiraents. Sold at S6, $7, IS, 19 and $10 per 
bushel. A few of the Alexander were shipped with the Ams- 
<len, but the two peaches are much alike and will always sell at 
the same price. The Amsden, however, began to ripen first,, 
and bore more abundant crops. Amsden and Alexander varie- 
ties sent to New York in strawberry baskets, about the 30th of 
May from Faison, N. C, sold at $20 per bushel. Other ship- 
ments in the same way sold at high figures. 

Early Beatrice. — F^irst shipment on the 4th of June. Sold as 
high as 16 at first, but gradually declined in price, and the last 
shipment bronght from $1.25 to 12 per crate of 3 pecks. The • 
Boatrice is usually small, and the better plan with it is to pick 
before fully ripe It keeps remarkably well. The tree has & 
terdency to over-bear and should be well pruned. 



:.»86 FRUITS ADAPTED TO NORTH CAROLINA. 



Early Rivers,— First shipment the Uth June. Sold at ^2.50 
to $5 per crate of 3 pecks. 

Large Early Rivers. — Ripe with above. Sold at 16 per crate. 

Early Louise. — First shipment the 13th Jun. Sold at 13 to 
$5 per crate. 

Hale's Early. — First shipment 18th June. Sold from $3 to 
■$4 perorate. 

Early Tillotson. — First shipment 24th June. Half bushel 
crates from this date sold at $1.75 to 12.00 per crate. 

Cole's Early.— First shipment 27th June. Sold at 11.00 to 
$2.50 per half bushel crate. 

Troth's Early—First shipment 27th June, sold for ^1.00 to 
^2.50 per half bushel crate. 

Amelia.— First shipment 1st July— $2.50 to 13.00 per ^ bushel 
crate. 

Early Red Cling. — ^First shipment 5th July — $1.25 to 12.50 
per 4- bushel crate. 

Riyal Kensington. — First shipment 5th July— $1.25 to $2.50 
per ^ bushel crate. 

George IV. — First shipment 5th July — $1.25 to $2.50 per 
4- bushel crate. 

Yellow Rareripe — First shipment 8th July — $2.00 per^bushel 
crate. 

Crawford's Early.— First shipment 10th July— $1.50 to $2.50 
per i bushel crate. 

Stump the World.— First shipment 15th July— $2.50 to $3.00 
per -k bushel crate. 

White Newington Cling. — First shipment 17th July — $2.00 
to $2.25 per t} bushel crate. 

Chinese Cling. — First shipment 17th July — $2. 50 to $3 .00 per 
J bushel crate. 

Yellow Alberge.— First shipment 17th July— $1.75 to $2.00 
per ^f bushel crate. 

Large Newing-tou Cling. — First shipment 19th July — $1.75 
to $2.00 per ^ bushel crate. 

Old Mixon Free.— First shipment 22d July— $1.25 to $1.75 
per -A- bushel crate. 



FKUITS ADAPTED TO NORTH CAROLINA. 28T 



Stevens' Late Rareripe. — First shipment 8th August — 11.25 
to iJ^l.oO per i bushel crate. 

Salway. — First shipment 15th August — 12.00 to 12.25 per 
^ bushel Wtite. 

As the spring of 1878 was unusually forward, all the above- 
varieties ripened very early. The dates given above show when 
the different kinds began to ripen, and they would last from 10' 
days to three^weeks. 

.JUNE PEAESc • 

Early Sugar, 
Boykin's June, 



Madeline, 
Doyeum de Ete, 
Beum Giff'ord, 



Osband's Summer. 
Bloodgood, 
Rostiezer, 
Deerborn's Seedling, 

Barelett, 

Belle Lucratine, 

Manning's Elizabeth, 



JULY PEARS. 

Ott, 

Tyson, 

Clapp's Favorite. 

AUGUST PEARS. 

Brandywine, 
Kingsessing, 



Chapin, 

SEKTEMBER PEARS. 

Duchess de Angouleme, Buifum, 

Seekel, Louise Bonne de Jersey^ 

Howell Beurre de Anjon. 
Flemish Beauty, 

OCTOBER AND NOVEMBER PEARS. 



Beurre Dicl, 
Beurre Olairgean. 



Glout Morcean, 



Lawrence, 

Yicar of AYakefield, 



NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER PEARS. 

Winter Nellis, 



288 FRUITS ADAPTED TO NORTH CAROLINA. 



AKELIAHLE WIXTER PEAll FOR GEXEKA 1- ISE. 

Easter Benrre, 

The Morgan is also a line pear and a good keeper and is said u> 

be a native of North Carolina. 



I'LUMS. 



Wild Goose, 
Imperial White Gage, 
Coe's Golden Drop. 



Early A'iolet, 
Boston. 



Jefferson, 

Egg, 

General Hand. 



XE(,'TAKINES. 



New White, 
Hnnts' Tawney, 



APRICOTS. 



Royal, 
Turkey, 
Large Early, 



Hearts and Bigarreans. 
Early Purple Guigue, 
Black Tartarian, 
Black Heart, 
Black Eagle. 
Belle de Orleans, 
Governor Wood, 



Peach, 
Moorpark 



CHERRIES. 



Elton, 

Knight's Early Black, 
Yellow Span i si 1, 
Eockport Bigarrean, 
Coe's Transparent, 
Napoleon Bigarrean, 



DUKE CI1ERR]E>. 



May Duke, 
Late Duke, 
Belle de Chaisey, 



Belle et Magnili(iue, 
Reine Ilortense. 



Early Richmond, 



MORELLO CHERRIES. 

English Morello. 



FRUITS ADAPTED TO NORTH CAROLINA. 28» 



Orauo-e, 



Hardshell. 



liroAvn Turkey,, 
Marseilles, 



QUINCES. 

Rea's Mammoth. 

JlLMONDH. 

FIGS. 

Celestial, 

Black Brunswick 



EVER-BEARING xAIULBERRIEs FOR RAISING AND FATTENING HOGS. 
ALSO GOOD FOR POULTRY 



Large Black — tlie best 
Large White, 
Purple, 



Red, 

Snail Black, 



GKAPES. 



Concord,* Delavrare,* 

Ives' Seedling,* Diana, 

Hartford Prolific,* lona, 

Clinton, Salem, 

Catawba,* Martha, 

Scuppernong } Rebecca, 

FloAvers . , Enmelan, 

Thomas, | ^i"^^^' S^^^'^'' 

Mish, \ 

*Most profitable bunch grapes, 

RASPBERRIES. 

BrandyAvine* Red, Doolittle, Black, 

Philadelphia, Red, Davidson's Thornless, Black, 

Mammoth Cluster, Black, Seneca, Black, 



290 FRUITS ADAPTED TO NORTH CAROLINA. 



CURKANTS. 

Reel Dutch, Cherry, 

White Dutch, Victoria, 

White Grape, La. A^ersailhiise. 

GOOSEBEKRIES. 

Houghton's Seedling,', 

STRAWBERRIES. 

Nunaii's Prolific, Monarch of the West. 

Baltimore Scarlet, Triomphe de Gand, 

Wilson's Albany, Charles Downing. 

Boydan's No. 30. 

While apples grow well in evoy county of the State' those of 
the Piedmont and Transmontane sections are superior both in 
size aud flavor to the fruit of any other section ^on the globe. 
The truth of this assertion is founded on the Statements of 
commission merchants of the northern cities and has recently 
become known to the world at the World's Fair at Philadelph '« 
in 1876, and at the National Pomological Display at Bal timer 
in the fall of 1877. Numbers were exhibited at our recent State 
Fair, weighing over one pound and some as great as two. We 
give below a list of the varieties best adopted to those sections. 

FALL APPLES. 

Fall Pippin, Bellflower, Queen Pippin or Buckingham, Black 
Gilleflower, Red Vandevere, Big Red, Catawba Red, Capps 
Mammoth, Shannon, Bonum, Spy, 20 oz]Pippin, Grand-mother 
Cheese, Golden Pippin, Seek no further, London Lady, Smoke- 
house Splitting, Fall Black, Gloria Mundi, Golden Russet, 
Lady Melon, Orfley or White Bellflower, Virginia Beauty. 



FEUITS ADAPTED TO NOTEH CAEOLINA. 291 



WINTER APPLES. 

Nickajiick, Wilfony, Biiii, Comack, Pharr, Newtown or Al- 
bemarle Pippin, Hoover, Limbertwig, Ben Davis, Holdeu Eed. 
Finger Seedling, Halls seedling, Eoyal Limbertwig, Pound. 

SIJMMEE APPLES. 

All varieties do well in this section. 



as^^S5_:;^=sTHE END.=5vj_;;^jg^ 



